The causes of the Ulster Insurrection of 1641-The manufacture
of rebels and traitors in Dublin Castle, by penniless adven-
turers, with a view to possess themselves of the forfeited
estates of the rebels-Manifesto written by James I. in proof,
and absolutely devoid of proof, of a projected rebellion by
O'Neill of Tyrone and O'Donnell of Tyrconnell-Condition of
the contest between Charles I. and the Long Parliament at
the time when the Ulster Irish drew the sword-Character of
Parsons, one of the two Lords Justices at this time-Demon-
stration of the absolute falsehood of the statements of
atrocities perpetrated by the Ulster rebels, in a document
presented to the Long Parliament by the Irish Government,
and in a letter to King Charles from Sir John Temple-
Account of the first Massacres in the County of Antrim,

III.

Narrative of the campaign of the Montrose Irish Brigade-Their

six victories, in three of which, in the battles of Tippermuir,

Aberdeen, and Auldern, they constituted fully two-thirds of

Montrose's force-In the battles of Inverlochy and Alford

they formed about half of the Royalist force; and in the

battle of Kilsyth alone they were greatly out-numbered by

the Highlanders-Montrose's raid through Breadalbane,

Glenorchy, Cantyre, and Lorne, the territories of Argyle, in

mid-winter,

...

...

6

70

IV.

The disastrous defeat of Montrose at Philiphaugh, and defeat in

Cantyre, and expulsion from Scotland of Sir Alexander

McDonnell-His death in 1647,

... 114

V.

Continuation of the War in Ulster-Complete suppression of the

rebels by the Protestants of the Plantation-Some account

of the government established by the Confederate Catholics

of Ireland,

...

VI.

Events leading to the total ruin of the Irish-Siege of Clonmel

by Cromwell,

...

VII.

Further proof of extreme exaggeration in the received histories

of the war,

VIII.

126

151

155

Account of the proceedings of the rebels in the County Cavan

during the first seven months of the war, by the Rev. Mr.

Clogy,

...

...

IX.

...

...

161

Conclusion-Including some wholesome counsel to both Celt and

11, for "south-westerly " read "south-easterly."
19, for "national" read "natural.”

THE ULSTER CIVIL WAR OF 1641 AND ITS

CONSEQUENCES.

I.

I PROPOSE in the following pages to review some of the principal incidents of a period, perhaps the saddest in the sad history of Ireland, including about the last eight years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth-the reigns of James the First of England, and of Charles the First-and five or six years of the reign of the Sword, commonly, but surely facetiously, called the Commonwealth.

The history of Ireland, and of this period especially, has usually been written in the light of the orange or green ray: I am earnestly desirous of writing in the pure white light of truth, which, the scientific reader will recollect, contains both the orange and green, each in its due proportion; but, writing in this spirit, I am well aware that I shall often deeply offend both the factions who have persistently travestied and deformed the history of Ireland from 1172 to 1878. Both parties must admit my facts. To enable them to make what deductions they can with truth from my inferences from my facts, I will furnish them with a few particulars of my biography.

I have been from my early youth to my eighty-third year, steadfastly "a base, bloody, and brutal Whig," who never failed to promote by his tongue, his pen, and the exercise of his franchise, to the utmost of his little ability, the cause of equal justice to his Roman Catholic fellow-countrymen, from the day (and indeed long before it) on which, according to Lord Clarendon's witty anticipation, as he assumed, the Iron Duke would address the Lords, in his closing speech on Catholic Emancipation, thus :-" My Lords, attention right about face-quick march "-to the day when the last remnant of political and religious wrong was removed by the crowning and great healing Act for the disestablishment and disendowment of the Established Church of Ireland. I doubt whether any Roman Catholic has more sincerely rejoiced over each step towards this consummation than I have. I may add that I am an uncompromising Protestant, and that it is, in my opinion, clearly the true interest of Ireland to form a part of the British Empire, by an equal, firm, and affectionate union with England and Scotland.

I have entertained the wish for some years past to write an essay on the so-called massacre of 1641 in Ulster, because I thought I had found some overlooked facts relating to it, calculated to throw some of what M. Lanfrey calls "La lumiére vengeresse de l'histoire" on the gross and cruel exaggerations of the received accounts of the Ulster insurrection; but I