546 Treaty between Roderic O'Conor and Henry II. [Book IV. A. D. 1175. naught, so long as he faithfully serves him, that he shall be a king holding under him and ready to serve him as his own man, and that he is to retain possession of his present territories, as firmly and peaceably as he held them before that our lord the king of England came into Ireland; paying him tribute; and that he is to have under his superintendence and jurisdiction the whole of the remaining part of the land and its inhabitants; so as that they shall pay their tribute in full to the king of England through his hand; and that they shall still enjoy their own rights, and that the present holders shall continue to hold in peace, so long as they remain faithful to the king of England, and pay him faithfully and in full their tribute and other dues which they owe him, through the hand of the king of Connaught, saving in all things the privilege and honour of our lord the king of England, and his own"-[i. e. the rights, &c., of King Roderic.] Roderic to The treaty then goes on to arrange, that if the be assisted power of Roderic should prove insufficient for by the English in case the enforcement of the treaty and tribute, he was of necessity. to be assisted by the constable and servants of the English monarch. The tribute was but trifling, consisting only of one hide for every tenth head of cattle killed in Ireland. The powers allowed to Roderic in this engagement CH. VII.] Henry appoints a Bishop for Waterford. 547 were not however to extend to all Ireland; for A. D. 1175. the king reserved to himself or his barons, Dublin and its appurtenances, all Meath and Leinster, besides Waterford and Dungarvan, and the territory between them. To secure the fulfilment of the treaty, hostages were to be given by Roderic to King Henry, according as he should be pleased to appoint. Among the witnesses who signed the deed were the bishops of Winchester and Ely, Laurence, archbishop of Dublin, and other clerks and laymen.* appointment and its wisdom. "In the same council the king of England Henry's first gave to Master Augustin, an Irishman, the episcopal bishopric of Waterford, which was then vacant, for Ireland, in Ireland. And sent him into Ireland with Laurence, archbishop of Dublin, to be consecrated by Donatus, archbishop of Cashel."† "On this occasion," as Dr. Lanigan observes, "the king acted very judiciously; first, by not placing a foreigner over the Church of Waterford; and secondly, by not getting Augustin consecrated in England, but directing him as the canons required, to the metropolitan whose suffragan he was to become." Happy would it have been for Ireland if the same prudent policy which was exhibited in this first collation by an English king to an Irish bishopric had been a little more followed in after times. 548 A. D. 1176. Deaths of Earl Strongbow, [Book IV. In the year (1176) following that in which Death and the aforesaid Council of Windsor was held, Earl interment of Strongbow died, and was succeeded in the Strongbow. Roderic go vernment of Ireland by William Fitz-Aldelm whom the king of England sent over as his deputy, with three associates who were to act under him. The remains of Strongbow were solemnly interred in Christ Church Cathedral, under the direction of Archbishop Laurence: and a very ancient monument, supposed to be his, is still preserved in that church; near which an inscribed stone tablet in the adjoining wall contains a more recent record of the sepulture of this remarkable individual.* It appears that in the year 1180, Laurence son brought O'Toole again visited King Henry, for the puras a hostage pose of some further settlement of affairs be to King Henry, A.D. 1180. Henry's tween him and Roderic O'Conor, bringing *Lan. iv. 230. Ware Annals ad. an. 1176. † Hoved. ad. an. 1181. CH. VII.] and of Laurence O'Toole. 549 sequence, it seems, of the circumstance that A. D. 1175. Laurence when he had gone to attend the Council of Lateran, had obtained from the pope certain privileges which Henry considered an infringement of his own rights, and also of an oath given to him by Laurence on that occasion, assuring him that he would not act in any way so as to injure the interests of the realm of England or its monarch.* • Laurence, Shortly after in the same year Laurence died, Death of and was buried at Augum or Eu in Normandy. Archbishop Among others who were present at his interment, A.D. 1180. was Cardinal Alexius, the pope's legate for Scotland, who happened to arrive then at Eu. Immediately on being informed of Laurence's death, Henry II. despatched Geoffry de la Hay, his chaplain, with another clergyman belonging to the legate Alexius, to come to Ireland for the purpose of taking possession of the archbishopric of Dublin in his name, until a successor for Laurence should be appointed. VOL. II. *Lan. iv. 238, 243, 244. M IRELAND UNDER BOOK V. THE JOINT INFLUENCES OF ENGLAND AND ROME. A.D. 1172-1537. Normans actors in the Ireland. CHAP. I. SKETCH OF THE VARIOUS PARTIES EXISTING IN IRELAND SUBSE- A. D. 1172, THE invasion of Ireland in the twelfth century, of which a brief record has been set before the the principal reader in the foregoing pages, although very invasion of commonly spoken of as a proceeding of the Saxons or English people, should more properly be attributed to the Normans: this invasion being but the natural overflowing into Ireland of the tide of Norman adventurers which had so effectually inundated England in the preceding century. So far as native Englishmen were engaged in the undertaking, they were more the tools, or at best the helpers, of their conquerors, than independent movers in the work. They had now for a century been subject in their own land to injustice and oppression at the hands of |