IV The disparagers of culture make its motive curiosity; sometimes, indeed, they make its motive mere exclusiveness and vanity. (ARNOLD)

V Is there amongst you one friend to freedom? Is there amongst you one man who esteems equal and impartial justice, who values the people's rights as the foundation of private happiness, and who considers life as no boon without liberty? Is there amongst you one friend to the Constitution-one man who hates oppression? If there be, Mr. Magee appeals to his kindred mind, and confidently expects acquittal.

(O'CONNELL)

VI An actor, after having performed his part well, instead of courting further distinction, should affect obscurity, and "steal most guilty-like away," conscious of admiration that he can support nowhere but in his proper sphere, and jealous of his own and others' good opinion of him, in proportion as he is a darling in the public eye. (HAZLITT)

VII Milton, it is said, inherited what his predecessors created; he lived in an enlightened age; he received a finished education; and we must, therefore, if we would form a just estimate of his powers, make large deductions in consideration of these advantages. (MACAULAY) VIII Politically, economically, socially, the world is on the operating table, and it has not been possible to administer any anæsthetic.

(PRESIDENT WILSON)

IX It is the property of the hero, in every time, in

every place and situation, that he comes back

to reality; that he stands upon things, and not shows of things. (CARLYLE)

X I cannot tell whether I were more pleased or mortified, to observe in those solitary walks, that the smaller birds did not appear to be at all afraid of me, but would hop about within a yard distance, looking for worms and other food, with as much indifference and security, as if no creature at all were near them. (SWIFT) XI It not infrequently happens that the meaning of a great anniversary is for the time partly lost, and then found again when some renewal of the old conditions arises and it becomes an inspiration for the present as well as a remembrance of the past. (HADLEY)

XII Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let the nation perish; and the war came. (LINCOLN)

SELECTIONS FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATION

JOHNSON'S POMPOUS LITERARY STYLE

Johnson, as Mr. Burke most justly observed, appears far greater in Boswell's books than in his own. His conversation appears to have been quite equal to his writings in matter, and far superior to them in manner. When he talked, he clothed his wit and his sense in forcible and natural expressions. As soon as he took his pen in his hand to write for the public, his style became systematically vicious. All his books are written in a learned language, in a language which no

body hears from his mother or his nurse, in a language in which nobody ever quarrels, or drives bargains, or makes love, in a language in which nobody ever thinks. It is clear that Johnson himself did not think in the dialect in which he wrote. The expressions which first came to his tongue were simple, energetic, and picturesque. When he wrote for publication, he did his sentences out of English into Johnsonese. His letters from the Hebrides to Mrs. Thrale are the original of that work of which the Journey to the Hebrides is the translation; and it is amusing to compare the two versions. "When we were taken up stairs," he says in one of his letters, "a dirty fellow bounced out of the bed on which one of us was to lie." This incident is re

"Out of one of the

corded in the Journey as follows: beds on which we were to repose started up at our entrance, a man black as a Cyclops from the forge." Sometimes Johnson translated aloud. "The Rehearsal," he said, very unjustly, "has not wit enough to keep it sweet "; then, after a pause, "it has not vitality enough to preserve it from putrefaction." (MACAULAY: Samuel Johnson)

THE MEANING OF WAR

What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net purport and upshot of war? To my own knowledge, for example, there dwell and toil, in the British village. of Dumdrudge, usually some five hundred souls. From these, by certain "Natural Enemies " of the French, there are successively selected, during the French war, say thirty able-bodied men; Dumdrudge, at her own expense, has suckled and nursed them: she has, not without difficulty and sorrow, fed them up to manhood, and

even trained them to crafts, so that one can weave, another build, another hammer, and the weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois. Nevertheless, amid much weeping and swearing, they are selected; all dressed in red, and shipped away, at the public charge, some two thousand miles, or say only to the south of Spain; and fed there till wanted. And now to that same spot, in the south of Spain, are thirty similar French artisans, from a French Dumdrudge, in like manner wending; till at length, after infinite effort, the two parties come into actual juxtaposition; and Thirty stands fronting Thirty, each with a gun in his hand. Straightway the word "Fire!" is given; and they blow the souls out of one another; and in place of sixty brisk useful craftsmen, the world has sixty dead carcasses, which it must bury and anew shed tears for. Had these men any quarrel? Busy as the Devil is, not the smallest! They lived far enough apart; were the entirest strangers; nay, in so wide a universe, there was even, unconsciously, by Commerce, some mutual helpfulness between them. How then? Simpleton! their Governors had fallen out; and instead of shooting one another, had the cunning to make these poor blockheads shoot. (CARLYLE: Sartor Resartus)

WHAT IS PATRIOTISM?

The essence of patriotism lies in a willingness to sacrifice for one's country, just as true greatness finds expression, not in blessings enjoyed, but in good bestowed. Read the words inscribed on the monuments reared by loving hands to the heroes of the past; they do not speak of wealth inherited, or of honors bought, or of hours in leisure spent, but of service done. Twenty

years, forty years, a life, or life's most precious blood he yielded up for the welfare of his fellows this is the simple story which proves that it is now, and ever has been more blessed to give than to receive.

The officer was a patriot when he gave his ability to his country and risked his name and fame upon the fortunes of war; the private soldier was a patriot when he took his place in the ranks and offered his body as a bulwark to protect the flag; the wife was a patriot when she bade her husband farewell and gathered about her the little brood over which she must exercise both a mother's and a father's care; and if there can be degrees in patriotism, the mother stood first among the patriots when she gave to the nation her sons, the divinely appointed support of her declining years, and, as she brushed the tears away, thanked God that He had given her strength to rear strong and courageous sons for the battle-field.

To us who were born too late to prove upon the battle-field our courage and our loyalty, it is gratifying to know that opportunity will not be wanting to show our love of country. In a nation like ours, where the government is founded upon the principle of equality and derives its just powers from the consent of the governed; in a land like ours, where every citizen is a sovereign and where no one cares to wear a crown, every year presents a battle-field and every day brings forth occasion for the display of patriotism.

(BRYAN: Memorial Day Address)

THE HOUSE-FLY

I believe we can nowhere find a better type of a perfectly free creature than in the common house-fly. Nor free only, but brave; and irreverent to a degree