*

tributed, sufficiently justified these suspicions. For in this fa vorable conjuncture of the accession of O'Nial's forces, the dis tress of Cromwell's army, and the probability there was, by the advantage of a pass, of cutting off his provisions, and of making his retreat to Dublin very difficult, without losing a good part of his men; in these circumstances, I say, " on a sudden, and altogether, all the considerable places in the province of Munster, as Cork, Youghall, Kinsale, Bandon-bridge, Moyallo, and other garrisons, under lord Inchiquin, revolted to the English parliament; and thereby gave them a safe retreat, free passage, and necessary provisions of all they wanted; as likewise har bors for their ships, to bring every thing to them they could desire. This defection, in so fatal a juncture of time, when the straits of Cromwell was in by the winter, and want of provisions had raised the spirits of men; and when they looked upon themselves as like to have at least some hopeful encounter with him, was not (adds my author) a loss, or a blow; but a dissolution of the whole frame of their hopes and designs; and confirmed that spirit of jealousy and animosity in the army, which no dexterity nor interest of the lord lieutenant could extinguish or allay."

8 Clarend. Cart. Lel. Hist. vol. iii. p. 357.

cent to the field of battle, and prevail on them to surrender. For this purpose he was conducted to the fort; but the gallant captive, unshaken by the fear of death, exhorted the garrison to maintain their post resolutely against the enemies of their religion and country, and instantly resigned himself to execution. His enemies" adds my author, "could discover nothing in his conduct but insolence and obstinacy; for he was a papist. and prelate."-Lel. Hist. of Irel. vol. iii. p. 362-3.

Broghill's chaplain and panegyrist, Mr. Morrice, informs us, that while his lordship was engaged in a battle against the king's forces in Ireland, "orders were once given by himself to the chief commanders, to give no quarters that day to any in arms."-Broghill's life prefixed to Orrerys State

Lett.

revolted

These garrisons (says Cox) by the means of lord Broghill, &c. all at once."-Hist. of Irel. p. 12. "Dungarvan was delivered up to Cromwell the 3d of December, 1649, where he found my lord Broghill, who partly by his own interest, and the disaffection in the soldiers to lord Inchiquin, had gotten in all the towns in Munster, that had formerly been under the parliament; a service most considerable, and such as was of very great advantage to Cromwell, who was now in great straits where to take up his winter quarter.

This general defection of Inchiquin's forces seems to have given the first rise and occasion to the obnoxious proceedings of the congregation of bishops at James-town, they looking upon it as a new and corroborating proof of Ormond's being privately connected with the English rebels. For, although his excellency had been fully apprised by the confederates," of the ill affections and actual revolt of several of the officers of these garrisons,* before the general treachery now mentioned; yet he readily agreed to Inchiquin's suspicious stipulation,† "that these garrisons to should be entirely left to his own disposal; nor could Inchiquin ever after be prevailed upon to admit any of the Irish forces, though actually in the king's service, into them."

Before the peace of 1648 was concluded, the marquis of Or mond, in order to induce the prince of Wales to come over to Ireland, to take upon him the command of that army, told his highness, "that in all judgments, his speedy access was become so obsolutely necessary, that there appeared little hopes that without it that army could be long contained from seeking its own security in a submission to the prevalent party in England; but that if his highness arrived speedily, the awe of his person might confirm such as were wavering." "1 And not long before the marquis's return to Ireland, as lord lieutenant, about the end of Sept. 1648, lord Inchiquin, by means of two of his colonels, Townshend and Derby, was said to have sent over to the committee at Derby-house, some propositions for the sur

9 Cart. Orm. vol. ii. fol. 101-2. 10 Id. ib. vol. ii. fol. 102.
11 Cart. Orm. vol. iii. fol. 590.

for his sick and distressed regiments. His army, partly by leaving garri. sons in several places he had taken in, being so much weakened and im paired, so as he brought not, of all the men he carried over with him, above five thousand horse and foot to Dungarvan."-Borl. Irish Rebel. fol. 289-From Clarend.

Yet," the above-mentioned revolting garrisons had been supplied by the Irish during the whole preceding summer, to their excessive charge." -Orm. Lett. to the king. Carte's Collect of Orig. Papers, vol. i. p. 419.

* "To screen Inchiquin, these revolting officers seized and made prisoners of his wife and children, whom, (adds my author) not without much difficulty, he got re-delivered to him.”—Borl. Irish Rebel. fol. 287.

† And Ormond's afterwards shewing particular favor and friendship to lachiquin, was one of the causes of the people's dislike and suspidon of

render of the towns in Munster; upon which the committee at Derby-house, says Borlase, sent back colonel Temple with power to treat with the lord Inchiquin; but before his arrival there, sir Richard Fanshaw, the prince's secretary, "was come from the prince to Inchiquin, with a declaration of the prince's design to send the duke of York into Ireland with such of the revolted ships as remained in Holland, and to let him know the hopes he had, that by his assistance and the army under his command, both he and his father might be restored. This (adds my author) so puffed up Inchiquin, that he would hear of no overtures from Derby-house, and made him absolutely disavow that he had any knowledge of the propostions sent over, though he was said with his own hand to have interlined and approved of them in several places.12

The marquis of Ormond desires leave to quit the kingdom.

HIS excellency, so early as December 24th, 1649, had requested, and shortly after obtained the king's permission,' "to withdraw both himself and his majesty's authority out of the kingdom, if he should see occasion." And the better to

1 Cart.

12 Borl. Hist. of the Irish Rebel, fol. 254-5. him. "Some of the principal persons (among the confederates) and with them some of the bishops, under shew of great confidence and trust, repaired to the lord lieutenant, at Limerick, 1649, and declared unto him, that all that indisposition and waywardness of the people proceeded from the prejudice they had against lord Inchiquin, who had always, they said, prosecuted the war against them with the utmost rigor and animosity, and the places and persons which had been most at his devotion, having treacherously revolted to the parliament, the people were not confident of him, and jealous that the marquis had too great a confidence in him; so that he would dismiss that lord, and discharge the troops that yet remained under his command, of which some frequently ran away to the parliament, not only that city (Limerick) but the whole nation, would, as one man, be at his disposal." Borl. Irish Rebel. fol. 303. From Clarendon. See what follows, ib. fol. 304.-Some leading persons applied to Inchiquin to take the command on him, as being of their ancient families; but 'tis certain that these hated both Inchiquin and Ormond, but on account of the former's family, would make choice of him as the lesser evil,

secure his retreat on all sides, from a people whose losses under him, and jealousies of him, were daily increasing, his friend dean Boyle, privately procured him a pass from Oliver Cromwell; which being afterwards discovered, by the ungenerous use that regicide made of it, his lordship returned it by a trumpet, with a letter informing him, that it was officiously sought for and obtained by the dean, without either his consent or privity."

His excellency's desire to withdraw himself out of the king. dom proceeded not, as has been already hinted, from the supposed refractory and disloyal behavior of the Irish clergy, but from his own consciousness of the people's great mistrust of him, and their consequent aversion to his government. For he himself justly observed on that occasion,3 "these people believing themselves betrayed, would think it vain to be persuaded into action, which might render them incapable of conditions from the enemy. Or if they should be got forth, perhaps with church censures, it would be with despair, not hope of success; whilst they suspected their leader of having made conditions for himself, upon their ruin.”

Another of his reasons for desiring that permission was, "that it appeared every day more evidently than other, and would soon be visible to those of the shortest foresight, that upon any thing Ireland could afford, it would not be possible to make any resistance against the rebels; who then had the whole coast towards England, Waterford excepted, ready to receive their forces; commodious harbors for their shipping, and garrisons from whence they would immediately be in the heart of his best countries, and at the walls of his remaining towns." After which he thus proceeds, "what thoughts of submission (to the rebels) this may produce in these people, or the greater number of them, I know not; I therefore humbly desire that your majesty would be pleased to send me your commands to withdraw myself hence."

Nay, his excellency seemed in some measure, to apologize for these people's aversion to his government, and their desire to get rid of it; "for many of the Irish," says he, "having promised themselves many advantages by their coming under

Cart. Orm. vol. ii. fol. 121
4 Id. ib.

3 Cart. Collect. of Orig. Pap. vol. ii. 450.

$ Id. ib. p. 419, 420.

his majesty's obedience, as the assistance of the army formerly under lord Inchiquin's command, and the advantage of trade with the towns possessed by him; that his majesty would be able, in part, to ease them of the burden of the war, by sup. plies of money, arms, and ammunition; and that whilst the rebels' forces were bent against them, occasion would be taken to raise some diversion in England or out of Scotland; and finding lord Inchiquín's forces, which, to their excessive charge, they had supplied all the summer, now turned against them, and the towns become garrisons to their enemies, from whence to annoy them by sea and land; no supplies at all from abroad, and no diversion in England, though Cromwell and Ireton, the supposed heads of the rebels, were removed from thence; all these disappointments of their hopes, aggravated by the enforced spoil of a successless army, began to breed in them such aversion," says he,. "to his majesty's authority, and to myself, to whom all their misfortunes, the negligence, cowar'dice, and treachery of others, are attributed, that I am told, it was in agitation with the violent party of the clergy, and others set on by lord Antrim, to procure a protestation against my government." This letter is dated December 15, 1649, and the clergy's censure and declaration were not published till September following; so that it could be no such surprise upon his excellency, as is pretended.

CHAP. XXVIII.

The king is invited to go to Scotland.

ABOUT this time, the king was proclaimed in Scotland; and commissioners were sent from thence to invite him over to that kingdom; but upon such conditions, as were utterly inconsistent, not only with the dignity and good faith of a king, but even with the honor and integrity of a gentleman. "These commissioners were the earl of Cassels, two burgesses, and four presbyterian divines. To give the better assurances of their good intentions to his service, immediately before their coming out of Scotland, the marquis of Huntley was put to death, for no other crime than his loyalty to the king."

Cart. Collect. Orig. Pap. vol, i. p. 268,