giments under his command there, did not publish, for fear, as they pretended, of major-general Monroe. The inhabi tants of the north were now become so violent for the cove. nant, that they even refused maintenance to such of the sol diers as would not take it." And now, even those English officerst and soldiers in Ul. ster (who had submitted to the cessation), were prevailed on to promise major-general Monroe, that whenever he marched out against the Irish, they would join him in the expedition ; 3 and of the justice of this union, against such an enemy, they declared themselves satisfied in their consciences. "Accordingly, on the 30th of June, the two combined armies, making about ten thousand foot, and one thousand horse, (though neither Owen O'Neil, nor the earl of Castlehaven, the two Irish generals in that province, did suspect in the least, that either the old Scots, or the English under the marquis of Ormond, would march against them, in breach of the cessation), sent out several parties into Westmeath and Longford, which burnt the country, and put to the sword all the country people that they met." • "They, who had ever appeared most attached to the royal cause, now caught the popular contagion," (of the covenant.)—Lel. ubi supra, vol. iii. p. 223. These English officers soon after published a declaration, wherein they set forth," that though they were not under the command of the Scots, yet they had jo'ned with them in all their expeditions, and had made a stricter association with them since the cessation to carry on the war (against the confederates) upon condition the covenant should not be pressed upon them. However, the committee from the English parliament still continued to press the covenant; resolving upon their refusal, to strip them of their respective commands and employments."-—Cart. Orm. vol. i. fol. 599. Upon his army's approach to Newry, in the beginning of May, 1642, the rebels quitted the town; but Monroe put sixty men, eighteen women, and two priests to death there. The same general, when before Charle mont, the 15th of July following, after taking a view of the place, making a prey of cattle, and killing seven hundred country people, men, women, and children, who were driving away their cattle, returned to Newry, without doing any other service.”—Carte's Orm. vol. i. fol. 309, 811, "George Monroe afterwards delivered Enniskillen to sir Charles for five hundred pounds; though a little before he had from lord Clanrickard Major-general Monroe's ingratitude and perfidy were, in every respect, equal to his cruelty. This appeared by his be havior to the earl of Antrim, soon after his arrival in Ireland. "Mr. Archibald Stuart, chief agent to that earl, had raised,s in the beginning of the troubles, about eight hundred men, a great part of them the earl of Antrim's tenants and dependants, near Ballymenagh; and with them secured that part of the county of Antrim; notwithstanding which, this major-general, with two thousand five hundred Scots, marched about the middle of April, 1642, into that country, where he made a prey of above five thousand cows, burnt Glenarm, a town belonging to the earl of Antrim, and wasted that nobleman's lands. The earl came, in the latter end of April, to his seat at Dunluce, a strong castle by the sea side; and after his arrival there, found means to supply Colerain, which had been blocked up by the Irish, and was reduced to extremity, with an hundred beeves, sixty loads of corn, and other provisions, at his own expence. He had offered Monroe his service and assistance for securing the country; in the peace of which he was greatly interested, by reason of his large estate, the rents of which he could not otherwise receive. Monroe made him a visit at Dunluce, where the earl received him with many expressions of gladness, and had provided for him a great entertainment; but it was no sooner over, than the major-general made him a prisoner, seized the castle, and put the rest of s Cart. Orm. vol. i. f. 188. one thousand two hundred pounds to secure it."-Borl. Hist. of the Irish Rebel. fol. 314. "Who, through the favor of a close night, escaped, though pur sued, and at Finagh-bridge (their forces) met with a severe slaughter; Nugent's house of Calestown they burnt, and hanged him."-Borl. Hist. of the Irish Rebel. fol. 204. · He afterwards escaped" into Flanders, and from thence came to the prince, then in the west; he came, with two good frigates into the port of Falmouth, and offered his service to his royal highness; and having in his frigates a quantity of arms and some ammunition, which he had procured in Flanders for the service of Ireland, most of the arms and ammunition were employed, with his consent, for the supply of the troops and garrisons in Cornwall; and the prince made use of one of the frigates to transport his person into Sicilly, and from thence to Jersey; without which convenience, his highness had been exposed to great difficulties, the earl's houses into the hands of the marquis of Argyle's men." The continuation of the before-mentioned outrages of the Scots in Ulster, in breach of the cessation, caused lord Digby to write to the marquis of Ormond, in July 1644," that the growing disorders of the kingdom imported a greater necessity of peace with the Irish, and of an union against those traitors of the covenant, so much more dangerous than any other, as they were firmly linked with the rebels in England." CHAP. X. The revolt of lord Inchiquin. ABOUT this time died sir William St. Leger, lord presi dent of Munster; and the king having appointed the earl of Portland to succeed him in that charge,1 lord Inchiquin, who was married to sir William's daughter, and had solicited and expected that presidentship after his father-in-law's decease, was now so much incensed by the disappointment, that he was easily persuaded by lord Broghill,2* to reject the cessation, and to receive the English parliament's commission for the presi dentship of Munster, in oppósition to the king's appointment. "In this capacity, he performed many considerable services for that parliament, taking great store of plunder from the Irish, and not sparing," says Ludlow," his own kindred; but if he found them faulty, hanging them up without distinction." 3 But one of his most memorable services on this occasion, was his barbarous exploit at Cashel ; « where, having brought together an army, and hearing that many priests and gentry 1 Id. ib. vol. i. fol. 512. 3 Id. ib. 6 Cart. Orm. vol. iii. fol. 335. 2 Ludlow's Mem. vol. i. 4 Id. ib. Castlehaven's Memoirs. and could hardly have escaped the hands of his enemies."-Clar. Life, vol. ii. p. 247. * Inchiquin " by the help of the lord Broghill, son to the earl of Cork, possessed himself of Youghal, Kinsale and Cork, whereof two are haventowns, all considerable in Munster."-Leyburne's Memoirs, Preface, p. xxviii. thereabouts had retired with their goods into the church of that city, he stormed it, and put three thousand of them to the sword, taking the priests even from under the altar."* At the same time that he himself deserted the king's service,s he persuaded his brother, lieutenant-colonel Henry O'Brien, to deliver up Wareham to the English parliament, and to come away, with his whole regiment to Ireland. This lieutenantcolonel was afterwards taken prisoner by the confederates, and in great danger of an unhappy end, in revenge for a Roman catholic dean, whom his brother had lately caused to be hanged, and for his own crime in delivering Wareham to the parliament. But lord Castlehaven, alleging " that for this very reason he ought, for a testimony of their own loyalty, and of their detestation of his breach of trust, to be sent as a present to the king, to be punished as his majesty should see fit; he was saved from present execution, and afterwards exchanged.” Though Inchiquin's disappointment was the real cause of his defection, yet he pretended another, and more extraordinary reason for it to the marquis of Ormond, viz. " an information? he had received from the English women, of a common talk of some of the Irish, that they designed to seize Cork," and upon this frivolous pretence, he drove all the magistrates and catholic inhabitants out of that city; as also out of Youghal and Kinsale," allowing them to take no more of their goods with them, than what they could carry on their backs, seizing all the provisions and effects in their houses." Lord Digby, by his majesty's command, recommended these distressed peo 5 Carte's Orm. vol. i. fol. 513. 7 Id. ib. vol. iii. 6 Id. ib. fol. 529. 8 Cart. Orm. vol. i, "Near twenty priests were then slaughtered in that cathedral.”— Carte's Orm. vol. ii. fol. 9, say. Mr. Carte relates that affair thus, but upon what authority he does not "Inchiquin, before he attacked the cathedral, offered the inhabitants (of Cashel who retired into it) and the garrison, leave to depart, upon condition they advanced him three thousand pounds, and a month's pay for his army. The proposal was rejected, and the place being taken by storm, a prodigious booty was found there, and great slaughter made of the garrison and citizens, before Inchiquin entered the cathedral and gave orders that none should be put to death." Id. ib.-But Mr. Carte does not pretend to account, why Inchiquin did not enter the cathedral, and give these orders until all the citizens and garrison were put to death. ple to the marquis of Ormond's care. "The king," says he,' "is very sensible of their sad condition, and will not soon forget the inhumanity of that lord." 10 But Inchiquin,* in order to engage his officers and soldiers in the same measures he had embraced himself, caused an oath to be administered to them, by which they obliged themselves to endeavor the extirpation of popery, to carry on the war against the Irish, notwithstanding any command, proclamation, or agreement to the contrary; and to submit to no peace or conditions with them, but by consent and allowance of king and parliament. This was then a favorite mode of expression with those who fought, in the king's name, against his person. CHAP. XI. The confederates send supplies to the king. HOW much soever the king has been censured†, for employing his Irish catholic subjects against his English and Scottish rebels (even by those who had actually reduced him to that 9 Ib. vol. iii. fol. 353. 10 Belling's MSS. • The lord Inchiquin," says Borlase," who being easily wrought on to agree to the cessation, carried over many of his Munster forces to the king, who, in memory of his service, bestowed on him a noble wardship, and would have made him an earl, but the presidency of Munster, predisposed of to the earl of Portland, being his aim, he returns again into Ireland." Irish Rebel. fol. 198.-Inchiquin, Broghill, and their officers, wrote different letters to the king and both houses of parliament against the cessation; and desiring that the Irish might be again proclaimed rebels.-Id. ib. ↑ "It was lord Inchiquin above-mentioned, that first moved the king to send for the forces of Ireland into England.”—Borl. Hist. of the Irish Rebel. fol. 203. "Tis true, that by the act of adventurers, 17 Carol. " the king was restrained from making any peace or cessation with the Irish;" but by the same act, the money that was thereby raised was to be no otherwise employed but towards suppressing the rebellion in Ireland: and by the parliament's failure as to this condition (for as we have already seen, they em ployed it in their war against his majesty), they left the king free as to the other condition, if necessity should oblige them to overlook it, as it certainly did. "Great sums of money," says Clarendon on this occasion, “ were ་་ |