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THIS institution now holds a conspi- [ of England have furnished the learned cuous place among the public schools of professions, and the literary world, with England. It was founded in the year many distinguished men; but that the 1567, by Lawrence Sheriff, citizen and greatest men, in every department of grocer, of London, who bequeathed pro-literature and science, have attained their perty for its future maintenance; namely, eminence without such assistance, may the parsonage of Brownsover, his birth- be seen from the following passage, explace, a freehold house in Rugby, and tracted from the Edinburgh Review, Auone-third part of his estate in Middlesex, gust, 1810. comprising a pasture land called Conduit Close, in Gray's-Inn Fields. These were but small beginnings. The Middlesex estate was of little value at the time of its bequest, as it lay nearly half a mile from any houses of the city then erected, and especially as there was no hope of its ever forming part of the metropolis, owing to some acts of parliament, passed in the reigns of Elizabeth and James the First, prohibiting the erection of any new houses within the walls of the city, or within three miles of its gates, on the penalty that all such houses should be destroyed. Happily, however, for this Foundation, these enactments were of but temporary force. They appear to have arisen from the ravages which the plague had made in London during these reigns, which had left many tenements unoccupied, and which appeared to Government to have been caused by excess of population. The immense subsequent improvement of this pasture" may be estimated from the fact, that, in 1809, it was covered with upwards of eighty houses, besides other valuable erections. In proportion to these advantages, this institution has risen in scholastic eminence, having supplied our universities, and other literary bodies, with some very distinguished ornaments.

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Still, however, with all the éclat of this, and similar institutions, we cannot help avowing our opinion, that the system of public education in England is one of very doubtful advantage. The alternate servitude and tyranny, which constitutes the school-life of the students in these establishments, must surely be an inauspicious preparation for the exercise of those powers and privileges to which many of them are introduced in after-life; and the misery of the first condition, considering the very critical time of life at which it occurs, and the influence which it must exert on the formation of the character, would of itself lead us to prefer a private to a public education. Besides this, the numbers of such establishments are in general so great, as to render hopeless that constant and strict superintendance, on the part of the masters, which appears to us equally necessary to the literary and moral wellbeing of those who are placed under their

care.

Nor do we think that the statistics of literature offers any stronger evidence for the necessity of such institutions, than the moral considerations we have suggested. It is true that the public schools

and Lord Clive, were all trained in private schools; so were Lord Coke, Sir Matthew Hale, and Lord Chancellor Hardwicke, and Chief Justice Holt, among the lawyers; so also, among statesmen, were Lord Burleigh, Walsingham, the Earl of Strafford, Thurlow, Cromwell, Hampden, Lord Clarendon, Sir Walter Raleigh, Sydney, Russell, Sir W. Temple, Lord Somers, Burke, Sheridan, Pitt. In addition to this last, we must not forget the of names such eminent scholars, and men of letters, as Cudworth, Chillingworth, Tillotson, Archbishop King, Selden, Conyers Middleton, Bentley, Sir Thomas More, Cardinal Wolsey, Bishops Sherlock and Wilkins, Jeremy Taylor, Richard Hooker, Bishops Usher, Stillingfleet, and Spellman; Dr. Samuel Clark, Bishop Hoadley, and Dr. Lardner."

THE QUAKERS AND SLAVERY. of slavery with Christianity, and emancipated THE Quakers soon saw the incompatibility their slaves. In the year 1787 there did not remain a single slave in the possession of any member of the Society of Friends.

They were actually persecuted for their endeavours to instruct their own negroes.

It is curious that the Quakers, so far from slaves, actually gave compensation to the seeking compensation for the loss of their slaves for the injury which had been done them by holding them in slavery. They calculated what would have been due to the slaves as wages, over and above food and clothing, from the commencement of their conscience, as far as they could, of this deep slavery, and paid the debt, thus clearing their offence.

The Friends are determined advocates of

immediate abolition.-Morning Chronicle.

"According to the general prejudice in favour of public schools, it would be thought quite as absurd and superfluous to enumerate the illustrious characters who have been bred at our three great seminaries of this description, as it would be to descant upon the illustrious characters who have passed in and out of London by our three great bridges. Almost every conspicuous person is supposed to have been educated at a public school, and there are scarcely any means (as it is imagined) of making an actual comparison; and yet, great as the rage is, and long has been, for public schools, it is very remarkable, that the most eminent men, in every art and science, have not been educated in public schools- - and this is true, even if we include in this term, not only Eton, Winchester, and Westminster, but the Charter-House, St. Paul's School, Merchant-Taylors', Rugby, and every school in England at all conducted on the plan of the three first. The great schools of Scotland we do not call public schools, because in these the mixture of domestic life gives to them a widely different character. Spenser, Pope, Shakspeare, Butler, Rochester, Spratt, Parnell, Garth, Congreve, Gay, Swift, Thomson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Ben Johnson, Sir Philip Sydney, Savage, Arbuthnot, and Burns, among the poets, were not educated in the system of English schools. Sir Isaac Newton, Maclaurin, Wallis, Hampstead, Saunderson, Simpson, and Napier, among men of science, were not educated in public schools. The three best historians that the English language has produced, Clarendon, Hume, and Robertson, were not educated at public schools. Public schools have done little in England for the fine arts, as in the example of Inigo Jones, Vanbrugh, Reynolds, Gainsborough, Garrick, &c. The great medical writers and discoverers in Great Britain, Harvey, Cheselden, frightens him who contemplates it. Two hunA LARGE library has this advantage, that it Hunter, Jenner, Meade, Brown, and Cul-dred thousand volumes are calculated to dislen, were not educated at public schools. courage a man who is tempted to print. But Of the great writers on morals and meta- unfortunately he says to himself, The greater physics, it was not the system of public part of these authors are not read, but I may schools which produced Bacon, Shaftes- be.. He compares himself to a drop of water bury, Hobbes, Berkeley, Butler, Hume, in the ocean; a genius took pity on it, and which complained of being lost and unknown. Hartley, or Dugald Stewart. The greatest caused an oyster to swallow it.. It became the discoverers in chemistry have not been most beautiful pearl of the East, and the prinbrought up in public schools-we mean cipal ornament of the throne of the Great Dr. Priestley, Dr. Buck, and Davy-the Mogul. Those who are but compilers, imionly Englishmen who have evinced a re- tators, petty verbal critics-in short, those on markable genius in modern times; for whom some good genius has not taken pity, But our the art of war, the Duke of Marlbo-will remain for ever drops of water. rough, Lord Peterborough, General Wolfe, coming the pearl.-Voltaire. hero fags in his garret with the hope of be

SINGULAR FACT.

SOME idea of the quantity of water which may be formed from considering the fact stated can be injected into wood, by great pressure, by Mr. Scoresby, respecting an accident which occurred to a boat of one of our whaling-ships. The line of the harpoon being fastened to it, the whale in this instance dived directly down, and carried the boat along with him. On returning to the surface, the animal was killed; pended beneath the whale by the rope of the but the boat, instead of rising, was found susharpoon; and, on drawing it up, every part of the wood was found to be so completely saturated with water, as to sink immediately to the bottom.—Babbage's Economy of Manufactures.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY. DEMERARA. A TALE. BY HARRIET MARTINEAU. London: C. Fox. 1832.

tribute, Alfred, since times have gone badly with work. If as much sugar was raised already as me; but it is difficult on a coffee-plantation. If was wanted, those four labourers might make a I were in Brazil, the proprietor of a gold mine, great saving by refining and claying the sugars at or at Panama, the lord of a pearl-fishery, I would home; which business is now done elsewhere.' adopt their customs. I would supply my slaves with provisions and tools, and they should return the surplus.' me a certain quantity of gold or pearls, and keep

"In the Spanish colonies, where there is a large proportion of free labourers, I know they do many things among themselves which British planters do not, and thus reduce the cost of culti"That is one way of making them work byvation in a way that we should be very glad to fair means, father. It is an important approach imitate.' to emancipation, as I believe it was found in Rus- "Such imitation is easy enough, surely. We sia. It seems, too, an excellent preparative for a have only to introduce as large a proportion of state of freedom; and surely such a preparative free labour.' would never have been adopted, and would not have been allowed to proceed to entire emancipation, if such comparative freedom had not been advantageous to the master as well as the slave. It is a strong argument, brought forward by slaveholders, in favour of emancipation.'

THERE is more truth and sound philosophy in this Tale than in half the Essays which are published. It treats of slavery; exhibiting in a graphic style its impolicy and wickedness. Miss Martineau has merited the praise of the humane and wise of all classes, by occupying her time in the preparation of such a work. We have read it with pleasure, and can avouch for the moral accuracy of the principles and calculations which it embodies. It displays an extensive acquaintance with the facts of the case, and developes with a master's hand its "But the plan could not be tried on a coffeemoral and political enormities. It consists of plantation, son: that is the worst of it. If we Twelve Chapters, the titles of which we sub-lived in the neighbourhood of a large town, I join-1. Sumrise brings sorrow in Demerara. would attempt it on a small scale. Some of my 2. Law endangers property in Demerara. 3. slaves should let their labour, paying me a weekly Prosperity impoverishes in Demerara. 4. tribute, and keeping whatever they earned over and Childhood is wintry in Demerara. 5. No above. This is done in places south and west of haste to the wedding in Demerara. 6. Man us on this continent, as a Spanish friend of mine worth less than beast in Demerara. 7. Chriswas telling me lately.' tianity difficult in Demerara. 8. The proud covet pauperism in Demerara. 9. Calamity welcome in Demerara. 10. Protection is oppression in Demerara. 11. Beasts hunt men in Demerara. 12. No master knows his man in Demerara. The tale is in the form of a dialogue; and the principal personages are Mr. Bruce, a planter, and his son Alfred, lately arrived from England. The following extract exhibits the impolicy of the system, and will be read with interest.

"Well, but, Alfred, give me the items. Tell me the value of a healthy slave at twenty-one?'

"I believe his labour will be found at least 25 per cent. dearer than free labour. From birth to fifteen years of age, including food, clothing, lifeinsurance, and medicine, he will be an expense; will not he?'

"Yes. The work he does will scarcely pay his insurance, medicine, and attendance, leaving out his food and clothing; but, from fifteen to twenty-one, his labour may just defray his expenses."

"Suppose we try task-work instead, father.' "I have no other objection than this, sonif the experiment did not answer, there would be no getting the slaves back to the present system.' "A strong argument against the present system, father; but not the less true for that suppose then we try with some new employment. If the blacks are as stupid as they are thought to be here, we need not fear their carrying the principle out any farther than we wish. Suppose we make bricks by task-work. Why should we import them, when we have abundance of brick clay on the estate, and labour to spare?'

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'It has been found to answer better to import them.'

"Who says so?'

666

Mr. Herbert, my old neighbour. He had little besides sugar.' not straw enough, to be sure, growing, as he does,

"Ah; the bounty is all in all with these sugar growers, father. They keep their eye fixed on that bounty, and give no other article of production a fair chance. Besides, I suppose he did not try task-work.'

"Not he. But consider, Alfred, how very little the freight is: and then, there is the fuel.'

and the apparatus is not expensive. Only consider, father: the labour of your slaves, at present, does not average more than fifteen pence a day; and brick-makers, in England, make from five to seven shillings a day. Do let me try whether, by working by count, we cannot raise the value of our slave-labour, and save the expense of importation.'

"Very well; then food and clothing for fifteen years remain to be paid; the average cost of "The fuel is easily had; and a ton of coal which, per annum, being at the least £6, he has will serve for eight tons of bricks. We are better cost £90 over and above his earnings at twenty-supplied with straw than if we raised sugars only; one years. Then, if we consider that the best work of the best field-hand is worth barely twothirds of the average field-labour of whites-if we consider the chances of his being sick or lame, or running away, or dying-and that, if none of these things happen, he must be maintained in old age, we must feel that property of this kind ought to bring in at least 10 per cent. per annum interest on the capital laid out upon him. Whether the labour of a black, amounting to barely two-thirds of that of a white labourer, defrays his own subsistence, his share of the expense of an overseer and a driver, and 10 per cent. interest on £90, I leave you to say.'

466

Certainly not, son, even if we forget that we have taken the average of free labour, and the prime of slave labour. We have said nothing of the women, whose cost is full as much, while their earnings are less than the men's. But you overlook one grand consideration; that whites cannot work in the summer time in this climate and on

this soil.'

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"But, my dear son, we do not want bricks enough to make it worth while."

"Our neighbours want them as well as ourselves; and it may answer well to withdraw a permanent portion of labour from our coffee-walks and transfer it to our brick-field. The art is not difficult, and the climate is most favourable, so confidently as we may reckon on the absence of heavy rains for weeks together.'

"Well; we will see about it, son.'

"I give you warning, father,' said Alfred, laughing, that I shall not be content with one experiment. If we save by brick-making, I shall propose our making the bagging and packages for our coffee at home, instead of paying so high as we do for them.'

"Nay, Alfred; what becomes of your boasted principle of the division of labour?'

“I think as highly as ever of it where labour is as productive as it ought to be. But where eight free labourers do as much work as twelve slaves, it follows that if those twelve slaves were set free, four of them would be at leisure for more

"The wages of free labour are so dreadfully high,' objected Mr. Bruce.

"Only in proportion to the scarcity of free labour, I believe, father. Wherever there is little of a good thing, it is dear, according to the general rule. Slave-labour is not only dear in itself; but it makes free labour dear also; and gives an undue advantage to free labourers at the expense of the other two parties. If we would but allow natural principles of supply and free competition to work, the rights of all parties would be equalized.'" pp. 74-79.

We must make room for another extract, which we take from the Seventh Chapter. We have often conjectured what the language of slaves must be when addressing the Deity. We have endeavoured to place ourselves in their situation, to realize their sufferings, ignorance, and degradation; and have then asked what would be our petitions if in similar circumstances we offered prayer to God? However we may disapprove, we ought not to wonder if the prayers of slaves should be for the death and ruin of their cruel oppressors. Miss M. gives the following illustration :—

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'When Alfred reached the threshold, he thought he heard the murmurs of a voice within, and stepped round to the opening, which served for a window, to observe for his guidance what was passing within. Cassius was alone: it was his voice that Alfred had heard. His night-fire was smouldering on the earthern floor, and he was kneeling beside it, his arms folded, his head drooped on his breast, except now and then when he looked up with his eyes, in which blazed a much brighter fire than that before him. A flickering blaze now and then shot up from the embers, and showed that his face was bathed with tears or perspiration, and that his strong limbs shook as if an icy wind was blowing upon him.

"Alfred had often wondered, while in England, what Christianity could be like in a slave country. Since he arrived in Demerara, he had heard tidings of the Christian teacher who had resided there for a time, which gave him a sufficiently accurate notion of the nature of his faith and of that of the planters; but he was still curious to know how the gospel was held by the slaves. He had now an opportunity of learning, for Cassius was at prayer. These were snatches of his prayer.

May he sell no sugar, that no woman may die of the heat and hard work, and that her baby may not cry for her. If Christ came to make men free, let him send a blight that the crop may be spoiled; for when our master is poor we shall be free. O Lord, make our master poor: make him sit under a tree and see his plantation one great waste. Let him see that his canes are dead, and that the wind is coming to blow down his house and his woods; and then he will say to us, I have no bread for you, and you may go. O God! pity the women who cannot sleep this night because their sons are to be flogged when the sun rises. O pity me, because I have worked so long, and shall never be free. Do not say to me, You shall never be free. Why shouldst thou spare Horner, who never spares us? Let him die in his sleep this night, and then there will be many to sing to thee instead of wailing all the night. We will sing like the birds in the morning if thou wilt take away our fear this night. If Jesus was here, he would speak kindly to us, and, perhaps, bring a hurricane for our sakes. O do not help us less

because he is with thee instead of with us! We have waited long, O Lord! we have not killed any one we have done no harm, because thou hast commanded us to be patient. If we must wait, do thou give us patience; for we are very miserable, and our grief makes us angry. If we may not be angry, be thou angry with one or two, that a great many may be happy.'

"These words caught Alfred's ear amidst many which he could not hear. In deep emotion, he was about to beckon his companion to come and listen too, when he found he was already at his

elbow.

"Stand and hear him out,' whispered Alfred. You will do him no harm, I am sure. You will not punish a man for his devotions, be their character what it may. Let Cassius be master for once. Let him teach us that which he understands better than we. He seems to have thought more than you or I on what Christ would say to our authority if he were here. I will go in when he rises and hear more.'

"For God's sake, do not trust yourself with him. Let us go. Don't ask him for water, or anything else. I will have nothing-I am going home this moment.'

"Then I will follow,' said Alfred, knocking at the door of the hut as soon as he saw that Cassius had risen and was about to replenish his fire.

I

"Cassius, I have overheard some of your prayers,' he said, when he had explained to the astonished slave the cause of his appearance. was glad when you told me that you had been made a Christian; but your prayer is not that of a Christian. Surely this is not the way you were taught to pray?'

"We were told to pray for the miserable, and to speak to God as our Father, and tell him all that we wish. I know none so miserable as slaves, and therefore I prayed that there might be an end of their misery. I wish nothing so much as that I and all slaves may be free, and so I prayed for it. Is it wrong to pray for this?'

"No. I pray for the same thing, perhaps, as often as you; but

"Do you? Do you pray the same prayer as we do?' cried the slave, falling at Alfred's feet and looking up in his face. Then let us be your slaves, and we will all pray together.'

"I wish to have no slaves, Cassius; I would rather you should be my servants, if you worked for me at all. But we could not pray the same prayer while you ask for revenge. How dared you ask that the overseer might die, and that your master might be poor, and see his estate laid waste, when you know Jesus prayed for pardon for his enemies, and commanded us to do them good when we could?'

"Was it revenge?' asked Cassius. I did not mean it for revenge; but I never could understand what prayer would best please God. I would not pray for my master's sorrow and Horner's death if it would do nobody any good, or even nobody but me; but when I know that there would be joy in a hundred cottages if there was death in the overseer's, may I not pray for the hundred families? And if I know that the more barren the land grows, the more the men will eat, and the women sing, and the children play, and the sooner I my self shall be free, may I not pray that the land may be barren? And as the land grows barren, my master grows poor. You know the gospel better than I do. Explain this to me.'

"Alfred did his best to make it clear that, while blessings were prayed for, the means should be left to divine wisdom; but though Cassius acquiesced and promised, it was plain he did not see why he should not take for granted the suitableness of means which appeared to him so obvious. When Alfred heard what provocation he had just received, he only wondered at the moderation of his petitions, and the patience with which he bore re proof. Horner had given him notice, the preceding evening, that as it appeared, from his exertions at the mill-dam, that he was of more value than he had always pretended, his ransom should be doubled. In such a case, a prayer for such low prices as would lessen his own value was the most natural

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interval, do not appear to have materially diminished the interest universally felt in all The little volume before that relates to him. us is the last attempt that has been made to gratify that interest; and, though it contains but a very succinct and crowded account of the principal events in the life of Napoleon, yet it appears to us to answer its end.

Its narratives are orderly and perspicuous; and the tedium of detail is frequently relieved by lively anecdotes and occasional quotations of poetry. On the whole, we think, from this specimen, that the series of biographical sketches which it commences, is likely to prove both entertaining and instructive, and well adapted to the perusal of young persons. We hope that the future numbers will not disappoint these expectations.

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It lies, perhaps, a little low, Because the monks preferr'd a hill behind, To shelter their devotion from the wind."

BYRON.

THESE reverend gentlemen appear to have had more taste than one who looked only at the general character of the monastic pursuits would be disposed to attribute to them. At all events, if we judge of their austerity of character by the spots which they selected as the scenes of their devotional retirement, we must conclude that they did not so rigorously mortify their tastes and feelings as their creed would seem to demand. The Cistertian monks (as we think we have observed in our notices of monastic remains) appear to have been especially happy in the choice of their localities, and Kirkstall Abbey is an admirable specimen of this. The worthy founder, who pretends to have been directed to the spot by divine intimation, has steered clear of all the disadvantages of damp and bleakness, and to have settled his brethren where (if any where) they might dream away their lives in all the luxury of indolence, but without the miseries of ennui,

The site of this beautiful ruin is in a vale, watered by the river Aire, between Bradford and Leeds. The monastery was founded in 1152, at the expence of Henry De Lacy, and in consequence of a vow

made by him, in case of his recovery from a dangerous illness, to build a religious house, to be dedicated to the Virgin, and peopled with Cistertian monks. It occupies a very considerable area; measuring within the walls 445 feet from east to west, and from north to south 340 feet, and enclosing a quadrangle of 143 feet by 115. It is somewhat remarkable that it does not point due east and west.

These venerable relics, though entirely destitute of ornament, must still have been remarkable for their elegance and beauty, if we may judge by the unusually elaborate style in which they are noticed by antiquarian writers. Thomas Gent, in his History of Rippon, describes it in the following passage:-" Before I proceed to the monuments of St. John's, I shall refresh myself, and the reader, with a little observation of Kirkstall Abbey, near Leeds. A place once so famous excited my curiosity to ride thither, early one morning, in order to view it. No sooner it appeared to my eyes, at a distance, from a neighbouring hill, but it really produced in me an inward veneration. Well might the chief of the anchorites leave the southern parts for this pleasant abode, and the abbots also desire so delightful a situation. I left my horse at a stile; and, passing over it, came down by

a gentle descent towards its awful ruins; which, good God! were enough to strike the most hardened heart into the softest and most serious reflection: the stately gate, north-west of the abbey, through which they were once used to pass into a spacious plain, at the west end of the church, and so, through another gate, to the area facing the Lord Abbot's palace, on the south side of it; the crystal river Aire incessantly running by, with a murmuring but pleasant noise, while the winged choristers of the air add their melodious notes, to make the harmony the greater; the walls of the edifice (built after the manner of a crucifix) having nine pillars on each side, from east to west, besides those at each end, if they

may be called so; the stately reverential | it a mere shell, with roofless walls, having
aisles in the whole church; the places yet a well-built, but uncovered steeple;
for six altars, on each side of the high the eastern parts embraced by its beloved
altar, as appear by the stone pots for holy ivy; and all about the whole pile deso-
water; the burial-place for the monks, late, solitary, and forlorn." The same
on the south side (near the palace), now tone is also perceptible in the following
made an orchard, having trees in it much remarks on Kirkstall Abbey, from another
of the same height of the lofty walls, pen:-" Neither is the ruin less pleasing
casting an awful gloomy shade; the dor- and picturesque, on whatever side you
mitory, yet more south-east, with other approach it. The soothing and harmo-
cells and offices; all these are enough to nious variety of its parts, with the ve-
furnish the contemplative soul with the nerable aspect of the whole, captivate the
most serious meditations. And what is mind in that degree, as to cancel, in a
yet to be observed, that this stately build-manner, all concern for its present state.
ing, having been the last in this country For, like the censor Cato, in his old age,
that arrived to its full perfection and it supports that dignity in decay as seems
beauty, was the soonest visited and de- to boast a triumph over time."
stroyed at the Dissolution. Now only is

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nary worshippers retire, satisfied with a slight inclination of the hand, or a condescending recognition, from the priest.

HINDOO TEMPLE AT GORUCKHNATH, NORTH INDIA. THIS plate presents a view of a place [ imagined, presides; while his seat, which of heathen worship, called Goruckhnath, has no idol figure on it, is an object of about two miles from Goruckhpore, North idolatrous reverence. of India. This temple is situated in the midst of a beautiful and extensive forest of mango trees; and is a place of much celebrity among the Hindoos, who resort to it, not only from the surrounding districts, but even from the remote provinces

of India.

A chief priest, called a Mohunt, and a number of devotees, are connected with this temple; and are maintained by a large revenue, derived from lands, and other sources. The devotees wander over the country, dressed in garments of a salmon colour: for the double purpose of extending the tenets peculiar to this sect of Hindoos, and of collecting the contributions of the people in support of the temple, and its worship.

The peculiar feature of this superstition is, that there is no visible representation of the supposed deity: his influence, it is

Once a week, on a fixed day, the chief priest holds a kind of religious levee in the verandah of the temple. On these occasions, several handsome carpets are spread near the central door, on which is placed a large cylindrical pillow. Upon this the Mohunt reclines, clothed in a variegated silk dress. A large concourse of disciples attend; each of whom, in regular order, ascends the steps of the verandah, and advances toward the entrance having deposited his offering on the shrine, he retires-rings a bell, hung up for the purpose immediately above the door, makes his salaam, or obeisance, to the chief priest-and then mingles with the crowd assembled in the quadrangle in front. Rajahs, and other persons of rank or influence, usually occupy a post of honour near the Mohunt, after they have done homage at the shrine; while ordi

The following reflections are from the very original pen of Mr. Foster, with whom most of our readers are (or ought to be) acquainted, as the author of "Foster's Essays"-one of the most extraordinary productions of genius which our language contains. The subjoined passage is, we think, not an unfair specimen of its author's general style of thinking and writing; and, as it is immediately connected with our subject, we cannot refrain from quoting it. Speaking of the resistance offered to the efforts of a teacher of Christianity, by temples, pompous ceremonies, and other visible symbols of the Hindoo religion, he says:

"His next address may be uttered in the vicinity of a temple, which, if in ruins, seems to tell but so much the more impressively, by that image and sign of antiquity, at what a remote and solemn

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