MORAL AND RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE
OF THE CLASSICS.

No. VI.

BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY.

these two systems of principles, are so different that they will hardly be more convertible excellence and turpitude. Now, it appears to or compatible in the same mind than even me that the enthusiasm, with which a mind of deep and thoughtful sensibility dwells on the history of sages, virtuous legislators, and the worthiest class of heroes, of heathen antiquity, will be found to beguile that mind into an order of sentiments congenial with theirs; and, therefore, thus seriously different from the spirit and principles of Christianity.

FRESH PERSECUTIONS.

readers :

PROCEEDINGS AT BUFF BAY COURT-
HOUSE, JAMAICA,

John Bell, Esq., Custos Rotulorum, and James
On Wednesday, February 27, 1833.
Shenton, Esq., Magistrate (one of the Com-
mittee of the Honourable House of Assembly
to inquire into the moral and religious in-
provement of the slaves, &c.), presided.

WALTER DENDY, Baptist missionary, after having been brought, by a bench warrant, a distance of fifteen miles, was placed at the bar, when the following took place.

Sanguine spirits, without number, have probably been influenced, in modern times, by the ancient history of mere heroes; but persons of a reflective disposition have been incomparably more affected by the contemplation of those men whose combination of mental I SHALL not dwell long on their biography power with illustrious virtue constitutes the and history, since it will be allowed that their supreme glory of heathen antiquity. And influence is very nearly coincident with that why do I deem the admiration of this noble of the epic poetry. The work of Plutarch, the display of moral excellence pernicious to these chief of the biographers (a work so necessary, reflective minds, in relation to the religion of it would seem, to the consolations of a Chris-Christ? For the simplest possible reason tian, that I have read of some learned man because the principles of that excellence are declaring, and without any avowed rejection not identical with the principles of this reliof the Bible, that if he were to be cast on a gion, as I believe every serious and self-obdesert island, and could have one book, and servant man, who has been attentive to them THE colonists, as appears from the but one, it should be this), the work of Plu- both, will have verified in his own experience. latest accounts from Jamaica, are keeping tarch delineates a greatness partly of the same He has felt the animation which pervaded his their atrocious character with singular character as that celebrated by Homer, and soul, in musing on the virtues, the sentiments, partly of the more dignified and intellectual and the great actions, of these dignified men, consistency. The greater part of the kind which is so commanding in the great suddenly expiring, when he has attempted to recent events which have transpired there men of Lucan, several of whom, indeed, are prolong or transfer it to the virtues, sentiments, have probably become already known to the subjects also of the biographer. Various and actions, of the apostles of Jesus Christ. our readers through the daily papers. The distinctions might, no doubt, be remarked in Sometimes he has, with mixed wonder and following statement, contained in a prithe impression made by great characters as indignation, remonstrated with his own feel-vate letter addressed to a warm friend to illustrated in poetry, and as exposed in the ings, and has said, I know there is the highest our cause, is of unquestionable authority, plainness of historical record; but I am per- excellence in the religion of the Messiah, and and well deserves the notice of our suaded that the habits of feeling which will in the characters of his most magnanimous grow from admiring the one or the other will followers; and surely it is excellence, also, that be substantially the same, as affecting the tem- attracts me to those other illustrious men; per of the mind in regard to Christianity. why, then, cannot I take a full delightful inA number of the men exhibited by the terest in them both? But it is in vain; he biographers and historians, rose so eminently finds this amphibious devotion impossible. above the general character of the human And he will always find it so; for, antecerace that their names have become insepa- dently to experience, it would be obvious that rably associated with our ideas of moral great- the order of sentiments which animated the ness. A thoughtful student of antiquity enters one form of excellence is extremely diverse this majestic company with an impression of from that which is the vitality of the other mystical awfulness, resembling that of Ezekiel If the whole system of a Christian's sentiin his vision. In this select and revered as- ments is required to be exactly adjusted to the sembly we include only those who were distin- economy of redemption, they must be widely guished by elevated virtue, as well as powerful different from those of the men, however wise talents and memorable actions. Undoubtedly or virtuous, who never thought or heard of the the magnificent powers and energy without Saviour of the world; else where is the pecumoral excellence, so often displayed on the liarity or importance of this new dispensation, field of ancient history, compel a kind of pros- which does, however, both avow and manifest tration of the soul in the presence of men a most signal peculiarity, and with which whose surpassing achievements seem to silence heaven has connected the signs and declarafor a while, and but for a while, the sense of tions of infinite importance? If, again, a justice which must execrate their ambition Christian's grand object and solicitude is to and their crimes; but where greatness of please God, this must constitute his moral mind seems but secondary to greatness of excellence (even though the facts, the mere virtue, as in the examples of Phocion, Epa- actions, were the same) of a very different minondas, Aristides, Timoleon, Dion, Cimon, nature from that of the men who had not, in and several more, the heart applauds itself for firm faith, any god that they cared to please, feeling an irresistible captivation. This numand whose highest glory it might possibly beber, indeed, is small, compared with the whole come, that they boldly differed from their galaxy of renowned names; but it is large deities; as Lucan undoubtedly intended it as enough to fill the mind, and to give as venethe most emphatical applause of Cato, that rable an impression of pagan greatness as if he was the inflexible patron and hero of the none of its examples had been the heroes cause which was the aversion of the gods.* whose fierce brilliance lightens through the If humility is required as a chief characterisblackness of their depravity, or the legisla- tic of a Christian's mind, he is here again tors, orators, and philosophers, whose wisdom placed in a state of contrariety to that selfwas degraded by imposture, venality, or vanity. idolatry, the love of glory, which accompanied, A most impressive part of the influence of and was applauded as a virtue while it accomancient character, on modern feelings, is de-panied, almost all the moral greatness of the rived from the accounts of two or three of the heathens. If a Christian lives for eternity, greatest philosophers, whose virtue, protesting and advances towards death with the certain and solitary in the times in which they lived, expectation of judgment, and of a new and whose intense devotedness in the pursuit of wis- awful world, how different must be the essendom, and whose occasional sublime glimpses tial quality of his serious sentiments, as partly of apprehension, received from beyond the created, and wholly pervaded, by this mighty sphere of error in which they were enclosed anticipation, from the order of feeling of the and benighted, present them to the mind with virtuous heathens, who had no positive or something like the venerableness of the pro- sublime expectations beyond death! The inphets of God. Among the exhibitions of this terior essences, if I may so speak, of the two kind, it is unnecessary to say that Xenophon's kinds of excellence, sustained or produced by Memoir of Socrates stands unrivalled and above comparison.

* Victrix causa Diis placuit, sed victa Catoni.

with preaching at Annatto Bay, without a Magistrate. Mr. Dendy, you are charged license. [To the clerk of the peace] Read the affidavit. [It was then read.] Is it true that this was the case? Missionary. I am not bound to criminate myself. I presume, gentlemen, you the witness, the constable, was put upon his have sufficient evidence to establish it. [Here oath.]

Witness cross-examined by the Missionary.
outside or inside the chapel ?-Outside,
You say you heard me preach: were you
How long did you remain ?-No time.
nute?
No time! Not any time! Not one mi-
[Here the magistrate told the witness
he must specify some time.]---A few minutes.
pulpit, preaching.
Where was I when you saw me?-In the

hear me read any text?-No.
You say you saw me in the pulpit. Did you

Any chapter?--No.

Do you remember any thing I said ?-No. difference between reading and preaching. I How do you know I preached?—There is a know the difference.

Are you positive I preached?—I think you

were preaching.

You think I was preaching, and nothing I frequently read without keeping (my eyes more than think. might be only reading. fixed upon the book before me. Did you hear me read the ninth chapter of Job?—No.

the fourth verse, "Who hath hardened himself Did you hear me make any remarks upon against God, and hath prospered?" Did you hear me mention the cases of Pharaoh and Herod, and others who hardened themselves against God?

All book-keepers are considered by their overseer as his inferiors in every point of view. At the social board, a book-keeper must listen to the coarse, unmeaning, and indecent conversation of his overseer and his guests; he is expected to appear quite happy-to join in the loud laugh created by some loose joke; but he must not open his mouth, unless when spoken to; he must not ask for the principal dishes; seriously, he must not even swallow a The following is a copy of the Commitment. cooling draught till the knight of the cart-whip Jamaica, SS. St. George.-Receive into your first sets him an example! Nor is the haughticustody the body of Walter Dendy, charged ness of his overseer confined to the dinnerwith having preached at the Baptist chapel table; it is universal in its practice. The white on Annatto Bay (without license); and him slare must not even ask his overseer, the previous you are to keep in safe custody, until dis-night, where his gang are to work next morning; charged by due course of law.

this sine qua non information he must learn from the drivers or other slaves. He may, some ill-fated morning, have indulged in lengthened slumbers, congratulating himself that he is sure his gang are to work near the To the Keeper of the Gaol of the County of sugar-works; when lo! he finds, on inquiry, Surry, Kingston.

THIS animal is an inhabitant both of Africa and America, and obviously derives this name, as well as its French name, fourmiliar, from its curious mode of subsistence. It is this latter habit alone to which, as it gives a general interest to this animal, we designed to confine our remarks; and, as this particular has been admirably treated of in the Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, we make no scruple of adopting their remarks.

Cure of Epilepsy.

To Mr. E. Giles, Tavern-street, Ipswich,

Sir, With heartfelt thanks to the Almighty dispenser of all good, for that return of health I now enjoy from the use of Mr. Morison's Universal Medicines, I consider it my duty to suffering humanity to give every possible publicity I can to my extraordinary case and cure, in the hope of inducing others, who may despair of relief in similar cases, to reap the same benefit.

For seven years I was afflicted with fits of the most alarming description, and in the last twelve months previous to my taking the Pills, they came on from twice to four times a week, and lasted from one to three hours at a time, requiring several persons to hold me. It was in this state of suffering I called on your sub-agent, Mr. Backett, of this place, who recommended me to try the"Universal Medicine," and I commenced with six of No. 1 and 2 alternately, night and morning, increasing gradually up to twenty-four in a day, then reducing them down to three or four, until I left off. When I had taken the Pills three days, I had a slight attack for about half an hour; but from that time till the present, which is six months, I have not had the least symptom of a relapse. I took the pills six weeks.

Of the correctness of this statement, I will convince any one who may please to call on me. I am, Sir, your humble servant,

is

C. BROWN.

Kelsale, Oct. 1, 1832.
Cure of Ulcers in the Neck, with Blindness.
To Mr. E. Giles, Tavern-street, Ipswich.
Stradbroke, Oct. 1, 1832,
Sir, I saw a little patient of mine yesterday; his name-

Your obedient servant,

LOT SMITH, Agent for Stradbroke. CAUTION TO THE PUBLIC. MORISON'S UNIVERSAL MEDICINES having superseded the use of almost all the Patent Medicines which the wholesale venders have foisted upon the credulity of the searchers after health, for so many a fair fame on the invention of any plausible means of

this purpose; and travellers inforin us that it
is quite impracticable to dig him out, as he
can in a few minutes bury himself at a depth
far beyond the reach of his pursuers; and, fur-
ther, that his strength is so great as to require Grorge Fisher, at Laxfield, aged about four years, who
the united efforts of two or three men to drag had been blind of both eyes for nearly two years, and had
him from his hole. When fairly caught, how-three large ulcers in his neck; he is now restored to his
sight; his eyes, otherwise, nearly well, and the ulcers are
ever, he is by no means retentive of life, but perfectly cured. All this was effected by the "Universal
Medicines."
is easily dispatched by a slight blow over the
snout. The aard-vark is an extremely timid,
harmless animal, seldom removes to any great
distance from his burrow, being slow of foot,
and a bad runner, and is never, by any chance,
found abroad during the day-time. On the
approach of night he sallies forth in search
of food, and, repairing to the nearest inhabited
ant-hill, scratches a hole in the side of it, just
sufficient to admit his long snout. Here, after
having previously ascertained that there is no
danger of interruption, he lies down, and,
inserting his long slender tongue into the
breach, entraps the ants, which, like those of
our own country, fly to defend their dwellings
upon the first alarm, and, mounting upon the
tongue of the aard-vark, get entangled in the
glutinous saliva, and are swallowed by whole
scores at a time. If uninterrupted, he con-
tinues this process till he has satisfied his
appetite; but on the slightest alarm he makes
a precipitate retreat, and seeks security at the
bottom of his subterranean dwelling.

years, the town druggists and chemists, not able to establish competition, have plunged into the mean expedient of pufting up a "Dr. Morrison" (observe the subterfuge of the

double ), a being who never existed, as prescribing a "Vegetable Universal Pill, No. 1 and 2," for the express

purpose (by means of this forged imposition upon the pubMEDICINES" of the "BRITISH COLLEGE OF lic), of deteriorating the estimation of the "UNIVERSAL HEALTH."

KNOW ALL MEN, then, that this attempted delusion must fall under the fact, that (however specious the pretence), none can be held genuine by the College but those which have " Morison's Universal Medicines" impressed upon the Government Stamp attached to each box and packet, to counterfeit which is felony by the laws of the land.

The aard-vark is in all respects admirably fitted for the station which nature has assigned to it in the grand economy of the animal kingdom. It feeds entirely upon ants, and in this respect fulfils the same purpose in Southern Africa, which is executed by the pangolins in Asia, the myrmecophaga in America, and the echidna in New Holland. To those who are only acquainted with the size and nature of these insects in the cold northern climates of Europe and America, it may seem surprising how an animal so large as the aard-vark can support itself exclusively upon ants, and yet be invariably found fat, and in good condition. But the ants and termites of tropical countries are infinitely more numerous than those which inhabit more northern latitudes, and so large as sometimes to measure an inch, or an inch and a half, in length. The bodies of these ants are, besides, of a soft, unctuous nature; and travellers inform us that the Hottentots themselves fre- THE PSALMS, Metrically and Historically Chapple's, Royal Library, Pall-mall; Mrs. Pippen's, 18,

quently collect them for food, and even prefer them to most other descriptions of meat. Patterson affirms that prejudice alone prevents the Europeans from making a similar use of them; and says that, in his different journeys, he was often under the necessity of eating them, and found them far from disagreeable. However this may be, their importance in fattening poultry is well understood at the Cape, and the farmers collect them by bushels for this purpose.

Wherever ant-hills abound, the aard-vark is sure to be found at no great distance. He constructs a deep burrow in the immediate vicinity of his food, and changes his residence only after he has exhausted his resources. The facility with which he burrows beneath the surface of the earth is said to be almost inconceivable. We have already seen how admirably his feet and claws are adapted to

The name by which an animal of the same species is distinguished by the Dutch inhabitants of the Cape of Good Hope.

Edited by the late W. GREENFIELD, Superintendant of
the Editorial Department of the British and Foreign
Bible Society.

Arranged. Stereotype Edition. 4s. 6d., boards.
The peculiarity in this Edition is, that, in addition to
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Sold by S. Bagster, Paternoster-row; J. and A. Arch,
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and Son, Holborn; E. Fry, Houndsditch; and all other
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BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH, KING'S
CROSS, NEW ROAD, LONDON.
MORISON'S UNIVERSAL VEGETABLE
MEDICINE.

Cure of Cholera Morbus.
Mr. Charlwood,

Sir,-With a due sense of gratitude, I beg to acknow-
ledge a cure performed on me by use of Morison's excel-
lent Pills. I was taken with the Cholera Morbus about a
fortnight ago, attended with the usnal accompaniments;
having been recommended to use Morison's Pills, I in-
stantly applied for them at your agent's, Mr. Tuxford, Back
of the Inus; the second dose gave me immediate relief,
and brought up a quantity of nauseous bile from the sto-
mach. I then took a third dose of fifteen pills, and fell
into a sound sleep, and rapidly succeeded to a restoration
of good health.

vant,

I remain, Sir, with grateful respect, your obedient ser-
J. DUTCHMAN.
Norwich, Crook's-place, Sept. 29, 1832.

The "Vegetable Universal Medicines" are to be had at the College, New Road, King's Cross, London; at the Surrey Branch, 96, Great Surrey-street; Mr. Field's, 16, Airstreet, Quadrant; Mr. Chappell's, Royal Exchange; Mr. Walker's, Lamb's-conduit-passage, Red-lion-square; Mr. J. Loft's, Mile-end-road; Mr. Bennett's, Covent-gardenmarket; Mr. Haydon's, Fleur-de-lis-court, Norton-falgate; Mr. Haslet's, 147, Ratcliffe-highway; Messrs. Norbury's, Brentford; Mrs. Stepping, Clare-market; Messrs. Salmon, Little Bell-alley; Miss Varai's, 24, Lucas-street, Commercial-road; Mrs. Beech's, 7, Sloane-square, Chelsea; Mrs.

Wingrove place, Clerkenwell; Miss C. Atkinson, 19, New Trinity-grounds, Deptford; Mr. Taylor, Hanwell; Mr. Kirtlam, 4, Bolingbroke-row, Walworth; Mr. Payne, 64, Jermyn-street; Mr. Howard, at Mr. Wood's, hair-dresser, Richmond; Mr. Meyar, 3, May's-buildings, Blackheath; Mr. Griffiths, Wood-wharf, Greenwich; Mr. Pitt, 1, Cornwall-road, Lambeth; Mr. J. Dobson, 35, Craven-street, Strand; Mr. Oliver, Bridge-street, Vanshall; Mr. J. Monck, Bexley Heath; Mr. T. Stokes, 12, St. Ronan's, Deptford; Mr. Cowell, 22, Terrace, Pimlico; Mr. Parfitt, 96, Edgware-road; Mr. Hart, Portsmonth-place, Kennington-lane; Mr. Charlesworth, grocer, 124, Shoreditch; Mr.. R. G. Bower, grocer, 22, Brick-lane, St. Luke's; Mr. S. J. Avila, pawnbroker, opposite the church, Hackney; Mr J. S. Briggs, 1, Brunswick-place, Stoke Newington; Mr. T. Gardner, 95, Wood-street, Cheapside, and 9, Nortonfalgate; Mr. J. Williamson, 15, Seabright-place, Hackneyroad; Mr. J. Osborn, Wells-street, Hackney road, and Homerton; Mr. H. Cox, grocer, 16, Union-street, Bishops gate-street: Mr. T. Walter, cheesemonger, 67, Hoxton Old Town; and at one agent's in every principal town in Great Britain, the Islands of Guernsey and Malta; and throughout the whole of the United States of America.

N. B. The College will not be answerable for the consequences of any medicines sold by any chymist or druggist, as none such are allowed to sell the "Universal Medicines."

Printed by J. HADDON and Co.; and Published by J. CRISP, at No. 27, Ivy Lane, Paternoster. Row, where all Advertisements and Communications for the Editor are to be addressed.

was

If a slave can prove that a promise of emancipation has been made to him by his master, the latter will be compelled to perform it; and wills relating to this subject are always interpreted most favourably to the slaves.

cast into cannon. After the restoration | property; and the government not only see it
of the Bourbon family, orders were given to be their interest to suffer them to have this
for the reinstallation of the great monarch relative importance, but encourage them to
into his former honours, and Lemot
maintain it. They likewise form a part of the
militia, and have their officers of their own
employed to prepare another equestrian
caste, who are commissioned by the king. Re-
statue. Louis XVIII., in presence of cently, a royal order was issued ennobling a
the royal family, laid the first stone of the some of the officers of this class, as a reward
pedestal on the 28th of October, 1817. for the promptness which they have shown in
Ten months were employed by Lemot in quashing an attempt at revolution on the part
finishing and polishing this beautiful of the creole whites.
piece of workmanship, at the expiration
of which time it was placed on a machine
and drawn by forty oxen towards the
place of its destination, at the bridge;
but the carriage, in the course of its
progress, slipped from. the pavement,
and all the efforts of the oxen were un-
able to move it. Upon this, crowds of
the Parisians came forward, and, offering
their assistance, dragged it in safety to
the bridge. A magnificent copy of Vol-
taire's "Henriade" was deposited in the
base of this monument; and the sides of
its pedestal are adorned with bas-reliefs,
and an inscription by the Academy of

Belles Lettres.

THE free blacks and people of colour were always more numerous in the Spanish settlements than in the colonies of any other nation. The number of free blacks and people of colour in the Island of Cuba exceeds mightily the total amount of that class in all the other West India colonies put together. The laws of Spain, contrary to the usual system of colonial policy followed by Europeans, are extremely favourable to the manumission of slaves; and the piety and devotion of the Spanish character contribute powerfully, as in the dark ages, to increase the number of In the district I visited, slavery scarcely existed. The agricultural population were free blacks and free persons of colour, some of whom had acquired large property by their industry. They support their families respectably, educate their children, and in their habits are an example to many of the lower class of whites. It is this description of people who are the artizans of the towns, being masters of shops, and employing many work

freed men.

men.

In the neighbourhood of the Havanna and of St. Jago, they are the cultivators of the garden grounds, and supply the market with vegetables. In the forest districts they are the wood-cutters, and, when squaring timber for daily hire, are the persons spoken of by the merchants under the name of the labra

dores (labourers), on whom they are dependent for their shipments of timber and dye-woods. All these people attach themselves to the Europeans, because, having something to lose in the event of disturbances or disputes with the slave population, they naturally rally round the standard of those who possess power and

In "Las Obras de Misericordia," for the use of children, it is the fifth injunction, under the head, corporeal works of pity, Redimir al cautivo," to redeem the captive;-a charitable injunction, the spirit of which is seen operating beneficially in the Spanish slave code.

The law is, that a coartado slave is as much slave as any other, except as regards his price, and the quota he is to pay his master, if hired out. The master, therefore, is as much entitled in law to his personal service, as to that of a slave in venta real. But this is someto his master coartado, or become so in his serwhat modified in practice. If a slave descend vice, the master may require his personal service, and the slave cannot demand to be allowed to work out. But when a coartado slave is sold, it being the custom for the slave himself to seek for a new master, he uniformly stipulates beforehand whether he is to serve personally, or to work out, paying the usual daily master to observe such stipulation, unless the quota; and judges will always compel the slave should neglect to pay; when the only remedy is to exact his personal service. It is not uncommon, therefore, for a master wishing to employ his coartado slave, who has stipulated to be allowed to work out, to pay the difference between the sum ought daily to pay him, and the wages usually earned by the slave. In this case alone is the slave paid for labour by the master, except, indeed, he is employed on Sundays or holidays.

the slave

who tenders his master the sum he was bought
Every slave, under the Spanish colonial law,
at, is entitled to enfranchisement, nor can his
master refuse it. If the arrangement is objected
to, the slave has only to apply to a court of
justice, through the procurador-general, to be
valued. Beside this, there is a system of par-
tial liberty, called the coartado, in which the
slave is permitted to purchase his freedom as
obliged to give him an escrctura, expressing
his ability allows, and his master is then
that he was coartado in the difference between
the sum paid and his esteemed value. A re-
cent writer, in letters from the Havanna pub-
lished in 1821, and dedicated to Mr. Croker,
of the Admiralty, gives the following details
of this practical system of enfranchisement:
"Such as are coartado," he observes, are in
consequence entitled to a licence to work
where and with whom they please, pay-
ing to their master a rial (5d.) per day, for
every hundred dollars remaining of their The law which so eminently favours the
value, beyond the instalment they have paid. slave, does not neglect his offspring. A preg-
Many who are not coartado are allowed by nant negress may emancipate her unborn in-
their owners to labour where they please, under fant for thirty-five dollars; and, between the
similar conditions; by which means an indus- birth and baptism, the infant may be emanci-
cient to ransom himself. The excellence of during childhood, its value being then low, it
trious slave may, in a few years, procure suffi-pated for fifty dollars; and at any other time
such a regulation it is easy to appreciate. The may acquire its liberty, or be coartado like
both a wise and merciful policy. It satisfies
permission to purchase freedom by portions is other slaves.
the master with a high interest, during the
period the slave is working out his freedom;

and it imbues the latter with habits of cheerful
his chain link by link."
industry, while he is, as it were, knocking off

the courts of justice in Cuba, to sanction such
It has been the practice at all times, of
regulations as tend to ameliorate the lot of
slaves; and this has gradually given rise to a
system, which, though principally founded on
custom, has acquired the force of law, and
many parts of which have been confirmed in
lations there is a public officer in every district,
royal decrees. Among other beneficial regu-
who is the official protector of slaves, and whose
presence is necessary at every legal decision
concerning them.

divided into two classes; those in venta real,
Slaves in the Island of Cuba may be
that is, who may be sold by the master for
tados, that is, those whose slavery is limited
any sum he chooses to demand; and coar-
by a price being fixed on them which cannot
be increased at the will of the master.

Slaves may acquire their liberty by the mere
grant of their master, or by testament, and the
only formality necessary is a certificate, called
a carta de libertad. No security is required,
become a charge to the parish.* But masters
as in the British islands, that they shall not
slaves, unless they provide for them.
are not allowed to emancipate old and infirm

* This demand of security in our colonies, has been nothing else than a contrivance for increasing the obstacles in the way of manumissions; the pretence for it, arising from the alleged necessity of providing for the emancipated slave, being wholly without foundation.

negro earns four reals a day and is fed; a Wages are high in Cuba. A common field mechanic ten reals to three dollars a day; and a regular house-servant twenty to thirty dollars a month, besides being fed and clothed. With such wages the coartado slave is well able to by something for the attainment of his liberty.* pay the daily quota to his master, and to lay

The large white population, too, is a great advantage to the slaves, not merely from the incalculable benefits derived from the master's

immediate presence by a residence in the island, and from his influence and authority, which cannot but exist under the management preventing a thousand difficulties and abuses of an agent, but from the facility thereby af forded to change masters, and thus remedy many of the evils attending their state. The from this circumstance, is particularly favourlot of household slaves, who derive most benefit able. They are almost always taught some hours, they may easily acquire their liberty in trade, and, by well employing their leisure seven years. Field slaves, too, have their ad

Manzanilla it is generally less than one-half the * These are the Havanna prices of labour; in above.

+ Almost all the female domestic slaves of Cuba are taught the art of shoe-making, so that the household servants are not bare-footed, as in Jamaica. The household slaves are also fed from the master's table; they, therefore, take their meals at the family hours. This domestic economy differs much from the system adopted in the British West India colonies, where the negro feeds himself, independent of his master, from his weekly allowance. keeps the household servants always engaged in The Spanish arrangement domestic industry, and is attended with good

moral results.