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THESE are the remains of an ancient fortress, which appears, from historical notices, to have been a strong hold of considerable magnitude and importance. The name Denbigh originally signifies a little hill, and designates the site of the town as compared with the neighbouring mountains. The Castle crowns the summit of this hill, one side of which is quite precipitous. The entrance to it is very magnificent, beneath a Gothic arch, over which is the statue of Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, who built it in the reign of Edward I., and who is represented as sitting in stately flowing robes. On each side of the gateway stood a large octagonal tower. The breaches of it are

"vast and awful;" they serve, however, to discover the ancient manner of building. A double wall appears to have been built, with a considerable interval filled with all sorts of rubbish, stone, and hot mortar, which became consolidated by time into a stony hardness. This part of the building, we are told, was never completed, the work having been relinquished by the earl on the loss of his eldest son, who was accidentally drowned in a well, the spring of which is still to be seen in the Castle-yard. The prospect through the broken arches is extensive and extremely picturesque.

But few events are recorded in the history of this place that are worthy of a

particular mention. Charles I. spent a night here in September 1645, after his retreat from Chester, in a tower which has ever since been called the king's tower. In 1646, the Castle was garrisoned by the royalists;

its governor was Colonel William Salisbury, commonly called blueIt was besieged by troops stockings. under the command of Major-general This siege was commenced Mytton. about the 16th of July; but so vigorous was the defence, that it was not surrendered until the 3rd of November, and then on very honourable conditions. It is said to have been blown up after the restoration of Charles II.

NOTES ON THE ISLAND OF CUBA. FROM THE UNPUBLISHED MEMORANDA OF A

TRAVELLER.

No. III.

tivation is rendered extremely light and easy. where it is so, though the customary mode is
The earth is profusely fertile, and the luxuriant to do without knife altogether, its use being
vegetation yields its fruit in prodigious bulk scarcely required their culinary prepara-
and in amazing abundance. Of the clay the tions.* Their dishes are generally olios and
inhabitants avail themselves by working it into stews, in which garlics invariably more or less
excellent pottery, as well as into bricks and prevail, and in which lard or oil is abundant.
tiles. The superiority of the porous cooling- The various preparations of beef, mutton, pork,
jars of Cuba has rendered this manufacture fish, or fowl, are then passed round to each
an article of extensive commerce throughout person, as wine is at an English dessert, and
all the neighbouring colonies. They preserve every one, commencing first with the stranger,
the elegant simplicity of the forms in which at table, supplies himself as he pleases. In
they were found manufactured by the Indians, the order in which each individual clears the
and possess an air strikingly associated with contents of his plate, the dishes are passed on,
the classic models of the old Etruscan pottery. that he may help himself again. The lighter
Limestone is scarce: the consequence is that wines of Spain are the common table drink of
every fragment of the coral, forming the reefs all classes, such as the tinto or red wine, and
of the coast, as well as every shell thrown on the white or mountain wine, but more gene-
the beach by the surf, and every calcarious sub-rally the red. The Malaga and sherry are
stance found in the fields, are diligently col- those of the dessert; the rich fruits of the
lected to be burnt into lime. Vessels visiting country, and the dried fruits of the Mediter-
the port are also encouraged to ballast with ranean, finishing the repast. These last are
limestone. The inhabitants thus endeavour, by brought on with the cigars, a little pan con-
every available means, to overcome one of the taining lighted charcoal being placed in the
disadvantages resulting from their rich alluvial middle of the table. After smoking and talk-
soil.
ing freely for half an hour, by which time it
may be about two or three o'clock in the day,
each person retires from the table to his cot or
hammock, for a sleep, called the siesta. Among
the many estimable qualities possessed by the
Spaniard is his sobriety in eating and drinking.
His morning meal is simply a cup of coffee or
chocolate, tea being used seldom otherwise
than medicinally. His breakfast, at ten
o'clock, differs little from his dinner, except
in the absence of wine and fruit; and his
supper is a simple repast of bread and sallad.

It was one of the early remarks of Columbus that the climate of Cuba was more temperate than that of the other islands. The nights, to him, were neither hot nor cold; and the lovely scenes among its groves, or along its flowery shores, had given it so much the character of beauty and salubrity that he bursts out, in one of his earliest letters, with the exclamation that "he could live there for ever." This mild temperature excites the remark of all persons who visit it from the other colonies. To my sensation, the mornings and nights were excessively cold, as much so as these in the autumn of Europe; and, notwithstanding that the low and flat nature of the coast gave the impression of a country unpropitious to the health of man, a short residence on the shores of this district, badly as they were cleared, and partially as they were improved, both by drainage and cultivation, soon con- As the stranger who retains his peculiar vinced me of its natural salubrity. Though habits among the Spaniards, whose manners all that met the view exhibited the fact that and sentiments are those of the south of it was a country but just emerging from its Europe, and consequently of that part of its original rudeness into tillage, and the fields continent exclusively of the Catholic faith, had not been subjected to that degree of health-subjects himself to religious dislike, and to an inspiring toil, in the all-providing care of nature, which renders labour necessary for the well-being of man, and the preservation of his health, yet I soon perceived that there were certain natural characteristics in the uncultivated country which gave it advantages that art alone is supposed to confer elsewhere. The immense open savannas, as varied and interesting in their features as spots on which the hand of industry had bestowed its diligent labour, break continually the still shades of the heavy forest, and, giving it the advantage of a country more cleared and more generally cultivated, render at once its air salubrious, and its temperature agreeable. Damp woods do not interrupt the free course of the diurnal and nocturnal winds; and the tides on the coast, incessantly drawing off the flooded waters from the morasses, do not permit them to impoison the breeze with noxious vapours. All parts being exposed to the influence of the prevailing winds, coolness and salubrity is impressed every where. The mountains, which rise from out the far-spread plains, and stretch along the interior, are sufficiently lofty to secure that streaming of condensed air which, from sunset to sunrise, pours from their summits to the sea, and is known by the name of the land breeze; and being sufficiently distant, also, not to reflect back the direct rays of the sun upon the coast, they do not overheat the atmosphere by day. The soil of Cuba is generally moist, but not boggy. To a person at sea, after the sun has burst from the east, a great body of vapour is seen to accumulate over the savannas and lowlands. The mountains at this time are free from clouds; but as the day advances these vapours coalesce as they ascend, and pour down from the high lands a continual supply of rivulets, or, by filling with moisture every fissure of the earth, render springs of fresh water to be found every where at a convenient depth.

The houses, from the windows being grated with bars of turned hardwood, have, as I have said, a secluded, unsocial look. It gives to those who inhabit them an appearance of being under duress or social restraint. The larger apartments, such as the saloon, &c., are seldom occupied. Some detached or open spot at the back of the dwelling is the usual sitting-room of the family. As to bed-rooms, or the separate sleeping apartments which we call so, they can scarcely be said to have any. A large chamber, in which may be three or four cots and a hammock or two, forms a kind of common dormitory, one for the men, and another for the females; and their cots and hammocks, folded during the day and opened at night, and supplied with a sheet and pillow, are the furniture of a bed-room. The general appearance of their houses, however, is that of extreme cleanliness; and, as they cook with charcoal, their kitchens have always the freshness of recent whitewash.

unsocial and inhospitable reserve by no means natural to the Spanish character, I changed my habits with my change of place, became adopted into the family with which I resided, and, as there are no inns or taverns among them, partook of that national hospitality conveyed in the characteristic reply given when inquiries are made by strangers for a house of public accommodation, that "he that is known requires no such place, and he that is unknown has no business here." The domestic comforts of the inhabitants here, however, are few,-at least in the way that we have been accustomed to estimate such things. The wife is scarcely elevated beyond the condition of a servant. In the house she forms no part of the husband's society. It did not seem to me to be otherwise in the more opulent families. The mother and daughters diet at a different table from the male portion of the household, and their repasts are served to them at a different hour. A Spaniard appears to me to consider a dinner-table incapable of social elegance. Individual convenience being the principal circum stance attended to, the whole sinks into a mere bodily gratification, holding no better place in social estimation than the commonest indulgence of the senses. The Arabs, after the The observation, is not true, that the beauty fatigues of a caravan, resting in the desert, of the Spanish ladies reigns most conspicuous taking their meals by a midnight fire, and in their novels and romances. A very pleasing listening to some wild tale of imagination, has delicacy of countenance is certainly their geneless of the absence of civilization than the din-ral characteristic. Their fine regular features, ner of a colonial Spaniard. The stranger, at a dinner party, must set aside his diffidence. The courtesy of the host in helping him first must not be looked for; the civility of a Spaniard observes no other ceremony than that of urging his guest to supply himself from the dish before any of the company. I shall describe the dinner meal, and all the others will be duly appreciated. The bread is cut up and placed in the middle of the table, and every one is thus left, from time to time, to take what he reThe soil of the lowlands in the neighbour-quires. Two plates are distributed to each hood of Manzanilla is a deep black mould, extended on a bed of occasional marl or clay. It is remarkably destitute of stony substances, scarce any earthy concretions being to be found as big as the hand, so that the labour of cul

person, so that the ceremony of a change is
effected by oneself, and the attendance of a
servant very much dispensed with. Each per-
son is supplied with a knife, a fork, and spoon,
at least it has been my lot to be in houses

and full dark eyes shining through raven ringlets and tresses (for they take an infinite deal of pains in dressing their hair), are heightened by a simple archness in the expression of the face, which gives them a natural air of wit and vivacity extremely prepossessing. But to those who have lived in Spanish families freely and socially, there are certain drawbacks in their habits which at once dissipate all the illusions with which novels and romances have invested their spirit and beauty. They are careless of decency in their persons. To see

* The butchers, in preparing their meat for sale, separate the flesh from the bore by cutting it into narrow strips, and sell it, not by weight, but by

measure.

them in their household affairs on ordinary days, with loose attire, slip-shod feet, naked ancles, and bosoms bare (for their morning dress is seldom confined by ties or bands, and the restraint of stays is an artifice to assist the graces of nature unknown to the simple maids of Cuba), and then to observe them after siesta, or on feast-days and Sundays, trim and bizarre, coquetish as you please, in the exuberance of finery, the striking change scarcely fails to remind one of the amusing tale of our childhood-the fairy story of Cinderella and the glass slipper seems to be realized.

To refuse any thing offered by a Spaniard, be it what it may, is a mark of incivility, more especially if it be from the hand of a lady. As both sexes smoke, a person incessantly encounters presents of cigars; and to do any thing less than apply them to their destined purpose in the company of the person whose courtesy you acknowledge by accepting the gift, would be as ridiculously ill-bred an act as pocketing a pinch of snuff from the splendid tabatiere offered you by some condescending lord. As the bosom of a Spanish lady is the depository of every thing, from her rosary, her crucifix, and amulet, to her choicely-twisted cigars, it is a mark of especial regard when she condescends to hand a gift to a stranger from this depository. He is indeed esteemed uncourteous who should disregard so sentimental a present. The evidences of an honour conferred-I should rather say, of favour and respect-are still further marked when she invites you to light the cigar thus offered at the one glowing within her own lips. There is an evident sentiment accompanying all this; a Spanish lady betrays it in her eyes. "Do me the favour to receive this from my bosom," is said with a look and smile that impress you with the consciousness of being a favoured person. The courteous bow, linked with the word "servidora" that follows the "lo estimo" of the person thus noticed, completes the condescension.

` SLAVERY IN JAMAICA. (Continued from p. 296.)

Tuis, my first full view of West India slavery, occurred on the 4th of September, 1832, between twelve and two o'clock, being the day after my landing in the island, and within an hour after my arrival on the plantation.

I resided on New Ground estate, from the time

of my arrival in the beginning of September, and exclusive of some occasional absences, altogether fully seven weeks; and, during that period, I witnessed with my own eyes the regular flogging of upwards of twenty negroes. I heard also of many other negroes being flogged, by order of the overseer and book-keepers, in the field, while I resided on the plantation, besides the cases which came under my own personal observation. Neither do I include in this account the slighter floggings inflicted by the drivers in superintending the working gangs,which I shall notice afterwards.

The following are additional cases of which I have a distinct recollection. But I have retained the precise date of only one of these cases (the 12th), from having found it necessary to destroy almost all my papers, in consequence of the threats

of the Colonial Unionists.

1st. A slave employed in the boiling-house. He was a very stout negro, and uncommonly well dressed for a slave. Ile was laid down on the ground, held by two men, and flogged on the naked flesh in the mode I have described, receiving 39 lashes. I was afterwards assured by one of the book-keepers that this negro had really committed no offence, but that the overseer had him punished to spite a book-keeper under whose

charge this slave was at the time, and with whom
he had a difference; and, as he could not flog the
book-keeper, he flogged the slave. Such, at least,
was the account I received from a third party,
another book-keeper. I could scarcely have given
credit to such an allegation, had I not heard of
had no cause to doubt.
similar cases on other plantations, on authority I

While we

2nd and 3rd. Two young women. This punish-
ment took place one evening on the barbecue,
where pimento is dried. Mr. M'Lean, the over-
seer, and I, were sitting in the window-seat of
his hall; and I was just remarking to him that I
observed the drivers took great pride in being able
to crack their whips loud and well.
were thus conversing, the gang of young slaves,
employed in plucking pimento, came in with their
basket-loads. The head book-keeper, as usual,
proceeded to examine the baskets, to ascertain that
each slave had duly performed the task allotted.
The baskets of two poor girls were pronounced
deficient; and the book-keeper immediately or-
dered them to be flogged. The overseer did not
interfere, nor ask a single question, the matter not
being deemed of sufficient importance to require
his interference, though this took place within a
few yards of the open window where we were sit-
ting. One of the girls was instantly laid down,
her back parts uncovered in the usual brutal and
indecent manner, and the driver commenced flog-
crack, and the wretched creature at the same time
ging every stroke upon her flesh giving a loud
calling out in agony,

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"Lord! Lord! Lord!"
chuckling laugh,
That," said the overseer, turning to me, with a
"that is the best cracking, by
G-d!"* The other female was then flogged
also on the bare posteriors, but not quite so se-
verely. They received, as usual, each 39 lashes.

4th and 5th. On another occasion I saw two

girls, from ten to thirteen years of age, flogged by
order of the overseer. They belonged to the second
gang, employed in cane-weeding, and were ac-
cused of having been idle that morning. Two
hold them down. They got ench 39.
other girls of the same age were brought up to

flogged (very severely) in the cooper's yard. I did
6th and 7th. After this Is v two young men
not learn their offence.

8th. On another occasion, a man in the road
leading from New Ground to Golden Spring. We
met this man while riding out, and for some offence
which I did not learn (for by that time I had
found my inquiries on such points had become
offensive), the overseer called a driver from the
field, and ordered him 39 on the spot.

9th and 10th. Two young men before breakfast,
for having slept too long. They were mule-drivers ;
and, it being then crop time, they had been two
days and a night previously at work without sleep.
As the overseer and I were going out at day-break
(the sun was not up), we found them only putting
the harness on their mules. They ought, accord-
ing to the regulations then prescribed on the plan
tation, to have been out half an hour sooner;
for this offence they received a very severe flog-
ging.

and

arrived of Buonaparte's having returned to Paris from Elba. He said that all was in motion and commotion. The Duke of Wellington sent for him to bring Harder's great Map of the Low Countries to his own house immediately; and, when he brought it, they both spread it open upon the ground, and knelt down over it, to examine the particular places where Buonaparte would probably direct his forces on the commencement of hostilities. This was after the memorable declaration of the sovereigns, at Vienna, not to keep the sword in the scabbard so long as Buonaparte should continue head of the French empire. The duke seemed to know every spot, as if by intuition, where his adversary would halt or

commence an attack.

While they were thus occupied, the Emperor of Russia entered the room, and the young man prepared quickly to

retire; not, however, before he saw the emperor and the duke both stooping down over the map in question, and heard the former say to the latter, first jogging his elbow: Enfin, Wellington, ce sua pour vous de chasser l'ennemi hors du pays.'-' In fact, Wellington, you are the man who must drive the enemy out of the country.' Was ever prediction so gloriously verified?"

JEREMY BENTHAM.

propriety of this punishment, until every thing As to prisons, it is impossible to judge of the which relates to their structure, and to their in general, contain every thing likely to pollute interior government, is understood. Prisons, the body, and debase the mind. Examine them merely as the abodes of inactivity: the faculties of the prisoners languish, and become enervated, from disuse; their organs, no longer ter, and interrupted in their habits of labour, pliant, are paralysed; injured in their characunder the subaltern despotism of persons who they are goaded by misery into crime; placed are generally depraved by the sight of wickedness and the practice of tyranny, these unfortunate men may be exposed to a thousand unknown sufferings, by which they are embittered against society, and hardened against punishment.

In a moral point of view, a prison is a school in which vice learns, by the most certain means, that every attempt to acquire virtue is vain and idle. Spleen, revenge, and want, preside at this education of perversity. Emulation bespires others with his ferocity; the cunning, comes the parent of crime. The ferocious intiousness. Every thing that can debase the with his tricks; the debauched, with his licenheart and the imagination is the resource of their despair: united by a common interest, they mutually aid each other in shaking off the yoke of shame. Upon the ruins of social ANECDOTE OF THE DUKE OF WEL- honour a false honour arises, composed of de

11th. A girl who had been missing for some days, having absconded from the plantation for fear of punishment.

LINGTON.

THE following anecdote is given on the testi-
mony of Dr. Dibdin, in his “
Tour."-" One young man," says the Doctor,
Bibliographical
(of the house of Artaria, the bookseller,)" of
genteel appearance and pleasing address, used
to claim a considerable share of my attention
and conversation; and he gave me some
curious particulars connected with the state of
the metropolis (Vienna), when the news first

The cart-whip, when wielded by a vigorous arm, gives
forth a loud report, which, without any exaggeration, may
be likened to the report of a small pistol. I have often
heard it distinctly at two miles' distance in the open air.

ceit, of intrepidity in opprobrium, of forgetfulness of the future, of enmity against the human race. It is thus that our unfortunate fellowvirtue and happiness, pride themselves upon creatures, who might have been restored to the heroism of crime, and the sublime of wickedness.

A criminal, after having completed his term in prison, ought not, without precaution and trial, to be restored to society; he ought not to be permitted to pass immediately from a state of inspection and of captivity, to unlimited liberty; to be at once abandoned to all the temptations of loneliness, of misery, and of desire sharpened by long privation.

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WE have often had the pleasure of paying a tribute of respect to The Christian Advocate, for the warmth and talent with which they maintain the cause nearest to our own hearts-the Abolition of Colonial Slavery. We have now to thank the writer of one of the most cheering energetic, and eloquent articles which we have ever read on this subject, for the pleasure we have received in its perusal; and we gladly embrace the opportunity we now possess of giving to it a more extended circulation. Many of our readers, in common with ourselves, will recognize in this article a hand to which the cause of justice and benevolence is unspeakably indebted, and will join us in congratulating that gentleman on the feelings which he must enjoy at the present crisis, whether he look back to his own exertions, or forward to the prospects of his

cause.

It is difficult to find expressions adequate to those mingled feelings of satisfaction and anxiety with which we regard the present state of the colonial question.

Ask a

circle, high or low, political, commercial, or religious, the inquiry is still, Will slavery be abolished? All feel a common interest in the answer to this momentous question, and all who ask it seem equally removed from every selfish anxiety except to stand acquitted of voluntary participation in the national guilt. There is, however, a certain party, now very unimportant, either in their numbers or their influence, who are wholly inaccessible to the generous feelings of their countrymen. We do not allude to the paltry few whose pockets are interested in the discussion. As respects them, it is equally useless to appeal to their judgment or their feeling; but, for reasons been adopted by the party now in opposition, not very obvious, the colonial question has as their shibboleth. One and all have agreed to try their political faith by this test. Tory of the old school to abolish slavery: "Bless your heart, it is a direct invasion of aristocratic privilege!" Appeal to the lawyer equity, and he tells you the question involves of some fifty years' standing in a court of every tenure of real estate! Remind the churchman of the divine command, to do to others as we would have others do to us, he replies at once, "Very true, sir; but this destructive anti-slavery principle trenches on the divine right to tithe;" and thus, between the one and the other, some favourite political maxim is always found to vindicate hostility to abolition; not because one among them ventures to deny its abstract justice, but that it is linked, in some way, with that chain of antiquated principle which now forms the distinguishing trait of the self-called Conservative party. Is this reasonable? Is it right? Is the fate, temporal and eternal (for their Christian instruction is involved in the question), of a million of our fellow-creatures to be thus entangled with matters of partial and party interest? Are a million of human beings to be made the counters of a political game? Are the souls of men equal in number to a twentieth part of the population of England is the soul of one among them to be the stake which a bishop or a statesman shall venture for his political existence? The hour is coming, and perhaps it is not far distant, when the remorse of a death-bed conscience will an

It is well known to our readers that we have from the first taken it up as a question, not only directly involving the interests of humanity, but as intimately connected with the character of our country, with our national prosperity, with the very principles of our religious faith. This was no sudden conviction --no creed adopted with a view to our success as journalists-but the result of mature and anxious reflections upon the subject, as connected with the policy of the state, and the duty of a Christian community. Long before the colonists had made the bold avowal that Christianity and slavery were irreconcilably opposed, we had arrived at that conclusion. While it was yet a vexata quæstio whether sla-swer these questions in a tone that will speak very conduced to the pecuniary interest of the of eternal sorrow. It is the pertinacity, the state, we had satisfied ourselves that the homely bigoted obstinacy, which, in defiance of the adage, “Honesty is the best policy," applied national opinion, has banded together the opwith equal force to the gigantic operations of ponents of liberal principles, in stubborn rea country, as to the humble affairs of an indi- sistance to the views of the abolitionists, that vidual; and upon these principles we adopted has occasioned our anxiety. We are willing, the Anti-slavery side. We do, indeed, rejoice indeed, to believe-we may say we are asnow to find that we rightly calculated upon sured-that many are to be found among the their ultimate success with the public; in partisans of the old Tory system who feel fact, it only required that their eyes should be ashamed of this desperate and degrading opened to the real merits of the case, to ensure manœuvre. Many there are who, disgusted the operation of that good sense which charac- that slavery should become the badge of their terises our country. Their eyes are opened; party, have nobly renounced their allegiance people are now astonished that they have been to it, and abjured the unholy alliance. Thinkso long blinded; each man asks his neighbouring and moderate men begin to feel that it is why he knew not all these things before; and with an impetuosity, proportioned to its previous apathy, the country insists upon an immediate and entire reform.

And this is right: lost time must be retrieved; the apology of ignorance, poor as it was, is gone; every man, woman, and child in the United Kingdom now understands the case; and, understanding it, all are resolute to redeem themselves from the charge of insensibility. This is the source of our satisfaction: go where we will, abolition is now the all-absorbing topic of conversation; in every

sinful to carry their party attachment to such extremities; and among these are, at this moment, to be found many recent, but zealous converts to the anti-slavery cause.

We have introduced these remarks, to which we would especially entreat the attention of our clerical readers, whether Churchmen or Dissenters, as preliminary to some important advice which we are about to offer. The anniversary meeting of the Anti-Slavery Society, held at Exeter Hall on the 2nd instant, was distinguished, not less by the rank and influence of the public characters assembled on the

platform, than by the large and unusual proportion of the male sex in the centre of the room. As far as we could judge, by actual enumeration, they were more than two to one, behind the five or six benches generally reserved for the ladies. But the meeting was not less distinguished by the tone of its proceedings than by the character of its members. It was well understood that the decision of the ministerial measure, which is promised to be "safe and satisfactory," would be materially affected by the temper which might then be indicated upon one important point. The artifice of the colonial party has, for some time, been insinuating to the minister that public of the expenses attendant upon immediate feeling has become blunted by apprehension emancipation; and not less so by a fear lest

the measure should work incalculable distress upon many innocent individuals. The stratagem was dexterous; but it has altogether failed. When Mr. Buxton fairly put it to the emancipation, even though they should emmeeting if they grudged the expenses of brace a scheme, not of compensation, but of relief, long-continued and unanimous applause expressed their cheerful assent. Mr. Gurney followed, and was received with similar approbation. Towards the conclusion of the meeting, Mr. George Stephen, at Mr. Buxton's request, stated his views upon this question, at the same time protesting strongly against the principle of compensation; and the meeting reiterated their willing acquiescence; whilst Lord Fitzwilliam, and the Rev. Mr. Burnet, were not less cheered in their disclaimers of the compensatory principle. It was clearly felt that, though abolition was essentially opposed to the direct or indirect pecuniary redemption of the slave, Christian charity alike forbade that we should grudge a sacrifice for the necessary costs of effecting it, or for the relief of those, if any, who might suffer embarrassment as the indisputable result. The resolutions of the meeting accordingly expressed this feeling, and thus informed the minister, in terms not to be mistaken, that he should find no excuse for half measures, in the supposed repugnance of the country to a reasonable expenditure in support of a decided step. We entreat those gentlemen, those reverend and right reverend gentlemen especially, who are alarmed by the puling cry of ruin to the innocent, and destitution to the widow and orphan, to take note of this. As to the expenses of a new magistracy and police, we will answer for it that they will be repaid ten-fold, by the savings in our military and naval establishments, when freemen, instead of slaves, are to be kept in order.

The two committees at Aldermanbury have acted on this occasion with a spirit and cordiality that do them credit. On the day following that of the meeting, they resolved to make their last effort to awaken the country to an energetic action becoming the awful crisis. For this purpose they issued to every association an appeal of a very decided character. They have called upon the provincial societies to echo back the resolutions passed at Exeter Hall, by sending delegates to London, on the 18th instant, to represent to the Colonial Minister the intensity of the national feeling. Nothing can be more useful or more impressive than this. Our opponents have misrepresented, and Government have doubted, the sincerity of our anti-slavery pretensions. No means could be found to remove the delusion so satisfactory as a vivâ você exposure of it. We confidently anticipate such an assemblage

of deputations as never, on any former occasion, waited on the minister. Letters have already been received, even within the four days that have since elapsed, declaring the readiness, and the pleasure, with which the summons will be obeyed. Many gentlemen have promptly and gratuitously offered their assistance to second in person the circular of the Societies; and, without reference to personal convenience, quitted town on Wednesday evening upon their laborious and benevolent tour. We hope, however, that this personal solicitation is in most cases unnecessary. Indifference, hitherto, has been blameable; but now it would be a crime. Let a man at this moment silence his conscience, by any plea of trouble or expense, and it is trifling to

say that he will lose the proud satisfaction of setting his torch to the funeral pile of slavery: he will hereafter feel the bitter self-reproach of having belied his professions, and deserted his cause at the hour of need. While others rejoice, with just complacency, in the exchange of self-gratulations," We have triumphed we have won the victory! we have eradicated slavery from every soil in the British dominions!"-while, with exultation, these glory to their children, and their children's children, in the part which they were allowed to take in achieving the most brilliant of their country's victories, those miscreant deserters will feel a bitter pang of shame, and rue their self-exclusion from the final labours of the day. (See Supplement, page 308.)

THE DUKE OF SULLY.

MAXIMILIAN DE BETHUNE, Duke of Sully, was born in 1559. His father was the Baron de Rosin. Sully was bred in the opinion of the reformed religion, and continued, to the end of his life, constant in the profession of it. During the tranquillity enjoyed by the Protestants of France after the peace of St. Germains, the Queen of Navarre professed herself the patroness of that sect, and sent for her son Henry, prince of Bearn, from the court of France, to be trained in the Protestant faith. The government, now, finding the Protestants too numerous to be extirpated by force, determined to effect their purpose by stratagem. To cover this design, the king, Charles IX., and his mother, Catherine de Medicis, professed the most friendly dispositions towards them, and proposed a matrimonial union between the young Protestant prince, Henry, and the king's sister; to which, after some months of irresolution,

the Queen of Navarre yielded; and in May, 1572, the queen, with her son and court, set out for Paris.

Sully, now in his twelfth year, accompanied his father in his attendance on the Queen of Navarre, and was by him presented to the young prince, whom he accompanied to the court at Paris, while his father went to Rosin to make some preparations. The first suspicious circumstance indicating the sinister intention of the government was the sudden death of the Queen of Navarre; there seems every reason to believe that she was poisoned; nevertheless the court appeared much affected, and went into deep mourning. Still many of the Protestants, among whom was Sully's father, suspected the designs of the court, and retired into the suburbs of Paris.

The time shortly arrived when these suspicions were found to be but too well grounded. This was the 24th of August,

1572, being the feast of St. Bartholomew, which gave its name to the frightful massacre which signalized it. The ringing of church bells was the signal to commence the massacre of the Protestants, and the slaughter thus commenced was continued all over the kingdom until seventy thousand had fallen. During this carnage, Sully was in safety in the College of Burgundy, whither he had betaken himself in the disguise of a student. From this time till the year 1576 he remained in Paris with the prince, who had saved his life by externally adopting the religious forms of the papists, in which practice Sully coincided. In 1576, however, when the monster Charles IX. was dead, and Sully and his master, the King of Navarre, were jealously watched, and treated with some indignity, they both made their escape from the court, by distancing the guards at a hunting party, passed the Seine at Poissy, and repaired to Tours, where the king no sooner arrived than he resumed the exercise of the Protestant religion.

From this time, the private life of Sully may be said entirely to have ceased, and his biography to become almost identified with the political history of his times. He was employed by the prince in the battles of Coutras and Arques, at the sieges of Paris, Rouen, Laon, and in all engagements of any importance. In 1598, he undertook the finance of France; and though up to that time his public pursuits had been entirely of a military character, yet he completely re-established the prosperity of this new and difficult department of the state, paying two hundred millions of debt in ten years, and at the same time replenishing the treasury. In 1601, he became master of artillery, and in the following year Governor of the Bastile. He was afterwards sent into England as an ambassador extraordinary, and in 1606 raised to the peerage. 1610, his illustrious master, Henry IV., died; and Sully immediately, on this event, retired to one of his houses, where he led a private life, in study, until 1634, when he was presented with the baton of Marshall of France. He died seven years after this event, at the age of eighty-two years, and left behind him the character of a great statesman, and a man of noted temperance and inviolable veracity.

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GARRICK.

In

GARRICK, one day dining with a large company, soon after dinner left the room, and it was supposed had left the house; but one of the party, on going into the area to seek him, found Mr. Garrick, who had been there some time, fully occupied in amusing a negro boy, who was a servant in the family, by mimicking the manner and noise of a turkey-cock, which diverted the boy to such a degree that he was convulsed with laughter, and only able now and then to utter, "Oh, Massa Garrick! you will kill me, Massa Garrick."

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