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MARSHAL BASSOMPIERRE AND
KING CHARLES I.

ranks in his own department with the greatest
of his time, was, as well as Davy, apprenticed
SUNDAY, the 11th of October, 1626.-The
in early life to an apothecary. While living
in his master's house he used secretly to pro- Earl of Carlisle came with the King's coaches
secute the study of his favourite science by to fetch me to Hampton Court, into a room
employing often half the night in reading the where there was a handsome collation. The
works that treated of it, or making experi- Duke of Buckingham came to introduce me to
ments with instruments fabricated, as Davy's the audience, and told me that the King de-
were, by himself, and out of equally simple sired to know beforehand what I purposed
British philosopher,
materials. Like the young
saying to him, and that he (the King) would
too, Scheele is recorded to have sometimes not have me speak to him about any business;
alarmed the whole household by his detona- that otherwise he would not give me audience.
tions—an incident which always brought down I said to him that the King should know what
upon him the severe anger of his master, and I had to say to him from my own mouth, and
heavy menaces, intended to deter him from that it was not the custom to limit an Ambas-
ever again applying himself to such dangerous sador in what he had to represent to the So-
studies, which, however, he did not long re-vereign to whom he was sent, and that if he
gard. It was at an apothecary's house, as has did not wish to see me I was ready to go back
been noticed in a former page, that Boyle and again. He swore to me that the only reason
his Oxford friends first held their scientific which obliged him (the King) to this, and
meetings, induced, as we are expressly told, which made him insist upon it, was, that he
by the opportunity they would thus have of could not help putting himself into a passion
obtaining drugs wherewith to make their ex-in treating the matters about which I had to
periments. Newton lodged with an apothe speak to him, which would not be decent in
cary, while at school, in the town of Grant- the chair of state, in sight of the chief per-
sons of the kingdom, both men and women-
ham; and as, even at that early age, he is
known to have been ardently devoted to sci- that the Queen, his wife, was close to him,
entific contrivances and experiments, and to who, incensed at the dismissal of her servants,
have been in the habit of converting all sorts might commit some extravagance, and cry in
of articles into auxiliaries in his favourite pur sight of every body. In short, that he would
suits, it is not probable that the various strange not commit himself in public, and that he was
preparations which filled the shelves and boxes sooner resolved to break up this audience, and
his curious
escape
grant me one in private, than to treat with me
of his landlord's shop would
concerning any business before every body.
examination. Although Newton's glory chiefly
depends upon his discoveries in abstract and He (the Duke) swore vehemently to me that
mechanical science, some of his speculations, he told me the truth, and that he had not
and especially some of his writings on the been enabled to induce the King to see me
subjects of light and colour, show that the otherwise, begging of me even to suggest some
internal constitution of matter, and its che-expedient, and that I would oblige him. I
mical properties, had also much occupied his (who saw that I was going to receive this
thoughts. Thus, too, in other departments, affront, and that he asked me to assist him
genius has found its sufficient materials and with my advice, and to avoid the one, and to
instruments in the humblest and most common
insinuate myself more and more into his good
graces by the other) told him that I could not,
articles, and the simplest contrivances. Fer-
gusson observed the places of the stars by in any manner whatsoever, do any thing but
what was prescribed to me by my master; but
means of a thread with a few beads strung on
it, and Tycho Brahe did the same thing with that, since, as my friend, he asked my advice
as to some expedient, I told him that it de-
a pair of compasses. The self-taught American
philosopher, Rittenhouse, being, when a young pended upon the King to give or to take away,
man, employed as an agricultural labourer, to shorten or to lengthen the audience in what
used to draw geometrical diagrams on his manner he would, and that he might (after
plough, and study them as he turned up the having allowed me to make him my bow, and
furrow. Pascal, when a mere boy, made him- received, with the King's letters, my first com-
self master of many of the elementary proposi-pliments, when I should come to open to him
tions of geometry, without the assistance of the occasion of my coming) interrupt me, and
say, "Sir, you are come from London, and
any master, by tracing the figures on the floor
you have to return thither; it is late; this
of his room with a bit of coal. This, or a
stick burned at the end, has often been the inatter requires a longer time than I could
young painter's first pencil, while the smoothest now give you. I shall send for you one of
and whitest wall he could find supplied the these days at an earlier hour, and we will
place of a canvas. Such, for example, were confer about it at our leisure in a private au-
the commencing essays of the early Tuscan dience.
artist, Andrea del Castagno, who employed
his leisure in this manner when he was a little
boy tending cattle, till his performances at last
attracted the notice of one of the Medici fa-
mily, who placed him under a proper master.
The famous Salvator Rosa first displayed his
genius for design in the same manner.
these instances may be added that of the late
English musical composer, Mr. John Davy,
who is said, when only six years old, to have
begun the study and practice of his art by
imitating the chimes of a neighbouring church
with eight horse-shoes, which he suspended by
strings from the ceiling of a room in such a
manner as to form an octave.-The Pursuit of
Knowledge.

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After I had told him this the Duke em

hind him. I found the King on a stage raised
two steps, the Queen and he in two chairs,
who rose at the first bow I made them on
and the order exquisite.
coming in. The company was magnificent,

*

*

*

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*

Thursday, the 15th, on which the Earl of Bridgewater came with the King's coaches to fetch me to Hampton Court; then the Duke showed me into a gallery, where the King was waiting for me, who gave me a long audience, and well disputed. He put himself into a great passion, and I, without losing my respect to him, replied to him in such wise that a great deal to me. I witnessed there an inat last, yielding him something, he conceded stance of great boldness, not to say impuwas, that when he saw us the most warmed dence, of the Duke of Buckingham, which he ran up suddenly and threw himself between the King and me, saying, "I am come to keep the peace between you two." Upon which I took off my hat, and as long as he stood with us I would not put it on again, notwithstanding all the entreaties of the King and of himself to do so; but when he went I put it on without the King's desiring me. When I had done, and that the Duke could speak to me, he asked me why I would not put on my hat while he was by, and that I did so, so freely,

when he was gone. I answered that I had covered, and that I should have been, which done it to do him honour, because he was not I could not suffer, for which he was much

pleased with me, and often mentioned it in doing so, which was, that it was no longer an my praise. But I had also another reason for audience, but a private conversation, since he

upon us.

my

After last audience was over, had interrupted us, by coming in, as a third, to the Queen's apartments, where he left me, the King brought me through several galleries and I her, after a long conversation; and Ỉ was brought back to London by the same Earl of Bridgewater.

In the Ambassades we find some details of

this stormy interview.

"I was treated," says Bassompierre," with great rudeness, and found in the King very little desire to oblige my master."

The King got at last so warm as to exclaim to the Ambassador, "Why do you not execute your commission at once, and declare war?" I am not a herald to declare war, but a marBassompierre's answer was firm and dignified: shall of France, to make it when declared."Marshall Bassompierre's Embassy to the Court of England in 1626. Translated by J. Croker.

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EARLY REMINISCENCES.
LET fond remembrance oft restore
yore,
Each long-lost friend endear'd of
In the meanwhile, I shall satisfy
And picture o'er the scenes where first
My life and loveliest hopes were nurs'd;
myself with having seen you, and heard of
The heaths which once my fathers trod,
the King, my brother-in-law, and the Queen,
Amidst the wild to worship God;
The tales which fired my boyish eye
impatience which the Queen, my wife, has to
my mother-in-law; and I will not delay the
With patriot feelings, proud and high;
hear of them also from you." Upon which I
The sacred Sabbath's mild repose;
shall take my leave of him, to go make my
The social evening's saintly close,
bow to the Queen.
When ancient Zion's solemn song
Arose the lonely banks among;
The music of the mountain rills,
The moonlight sleeping on the hills,
The STARRY SCRIPTURES of the sky,
By God's own finger graved on high
On Heaven's expanded scroll-whose speech
To every tribe doth knowledge teach-
When silent night unlocks the seals,
And to forgetful man reveals
The wonders of eternal might
In living lines of glorious light!

braced me, and said, "You know more of
these things than we; I have offered you my
assistance in the affair you are come to nego-
tiate, but now I recall the promise I gave you,
for you can do very well without me," and so
left me, laughing, to go and tell the King this
expedient, who accepted it, and punctually

observed it.

The Duke returned to introduce me to the audience, and the Earl of Carlisle walked be

Pringle's Ephemerides.

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of this, some still more animating thought is thrown out, such as, "We'll take our pay, go home, and buy a fine cloth." Thus they run on, six only bearing the palankeen at a time. At a signal given from some one whose shoulder is weary of its burden, they stop, and in a moment pass the pole to the other shoulder. When one set becomes weary, they are relieved by the other, who run by their side. Having run one and a half or two hours, they rest a few moments, and spend this time in adjusting their clothes, girding up their loins, eating tobacco, &c.; or, if much fatigued, by lying down. The torch-bearer runs by the side of the palankeen, and, when his torch becomes dim, he pours in oil from the vessel which he carries in the other hand. On arriving at the bungalow or rest house, perhaps fifteen miles from the place of setting out, the bearers lie down and sleep till they are roused at three or four in the morning; at seven or eight they arrive at the second bungalow. The resthouses on the road which I travelled, are very neat and commodious stone buildings, erected by government for the accommodation of travellers.

INDIAN MODE OF TRAVELLING.

THE palankeen is the general mode of conveyance in India; but few English readers have a very clear idea of its form,

or of the manner in which it is used. We, therefore, give a representation of one of these vehicles, and a lively description of palankeen travelling, from the pen of Mr. Woodward, an American Missionary residing in Ceylon, who lately visited the peninsula.

A palankeen is quite unlike any thing which I ever saw in America. The top or body of a small neat stage coach is, perhaps, the nearest in resemblance. Instead of the oval form, it is a parallelogram, six feet long, and two and a half wide, with the top a little raised in the centre, so as to shed the rain. Instead of the swinging doors of the coach, there are, on either side, two small sliding doors. Like the coach, it has either venetians or two small windows in each end. From the centre of each end of the palankeen run out poles threeand-a-half feet long, which are supported by iron rods from each corner, meeting on the pole, six or eight inches from the body. Though a palankeen be thus large, it is generally made of light materials, so that, when empty, it may easily be raised by four men to the shoulders.

Early after noon, on the day appointed for commencing the journey, half a dozen or more coolies (baggage-bearers) call for their burdens. Each man has a cloth, answering for a pack, swinging over his shoulders, in which are his luncheon, knife, tobacco, &c. On his head is a small parcel of straw, in a circular form, adapted to his head, on which he carries his load. Each mau, also, has a staff, for his support in rugged paths, or when fording rivers; to the head of this staff are attached a number of flat pieces of steel, which, by their jingling, frighten away serpents, and even wild beasts, at night. The burden for one cooly is generally about sixty pounds, and this he carries thirty miles a day. Being ac

customed to the business, they travel many miles without stopping, and without even supporting the burden with the hand; and their daily wages are about 40 cents.*

A few hours after the baggage leaves, another set of men, thirteen in number, present themselves before the door; these are the palankeen and torch-bearers. Their dress consists of a large white cloth bound round the head for a turban; and instead of the single cloth round their waists, as is common to all low castes, they wear a long white frock, so that their bodies are completely covered. This dress gives them a much better appearance than many of the higher caste; and was probably adopted that their personal appearance might be more acceptable to English gentlemen and ladies. The torch-bearer has a long roll of old cloths, closely bound together in a cylindrical form, four feet long, and four or five inches in diameter: this is a lamp. In his other hand is a leather or brass vessel, containing two quarts of oil (see Matt. xxv. 4). Having girded up their loins, they place the palankeen before the door. When the traveller is seated, the three men at each pole raise their clasped hands to their faces, in the attitude of prayer; and then, bowing a little with their faces towards the palankeen, they invoke the protection and blessing of their gods. How much instruction and reproof from the example of the heathen!

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While moving on at a slow gait, the first few minutes are occupied in getting the step," by which they move on with more ease to themselves and the person whom they carry; commencing, at the same time, their song, "Ha Hum, Ha Hum," by which the step is regulated. The monotony of this song is sometimes broken by some one more merry than the rest; who, with the apparent design of driving away melancholy or of pleasing their employer, raises his voice and sings, Good gentleman good pay will give." When tired

In English money, one shilling and nine pence.

MORAL AND RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE OF THE CLASSICS.

No. I.

[In an age in which the higher branches of literature are made the subject of popular study, and

in which they have, consequently, much increased the sphere of their influence, we think it advisable to bring before general notice some suggestions as

to their moral tendency; and for this purpose we shall introduce a series of articles upon this subject from the pen of John Foster.]

MYTHOLOGY.

I FEAR it is incontrovertible, that what 'is

denominated polite literature, the grand school in which taste acquires its laws and refined perceptions, and in which are formed, much more than under any higher austerer discipline, the moral sentiments, is, for the far greater part, hostile to the religion of Christ; partly, by introducing insensibly a certain order of opinions unconsonant, or at least not identical, with the principles of that religion; and still more, by training the feelings to a habit alien from its spirit. And in this assertion I do not refer to writers palpably irreligious, who have laboured and intended to seduce the passions into vice, or the judgment into the rejection of divine truth; but to the general community of those elegant and ingenious authors who are read and admired by the Christian world, held essential to a liberal education, and to the progressive accomplishment of the mind in subsequent life, and studied often without an apprehension, or even a thought, of their injuring the views and temper of spirits advancing, with the New Testament for their chief instructor and guide, into another world.

It is modern literature that I have more particularly in view; at the same time, it is obvious that the writings of heathen antiquity have continued to operate till now, in the very presence and sight of Christianity, with their own proper influence, a correctly heathenish influence, on the minds of many who have never thought of denying or doubting the truth of that religion. This is just as if an eloquent pagan priest had been allowed constantly to accompany our Lord in his ministry, and had divided with him the attention and

interest of his disciples, counteracting, of course, as far as his efforts were successful, the doctrine and spirit of the Teacher from heaven.

It is, however, no part of my object to remark on the influence, in modern times, of the fabulous religion that infested the ancient works of genius. That influence is, at the present time, I should think, extremely small, from the fables being so stale; all readers are sufficiently tired of Jupiter, Apollo, Minerva, and the rest. As long, however, as they could be of the smallest service, they were piously retained by the Christian poets of this and other countries, who are now under the necessity of seeking out for some other mythology, the northern or the eastern, to support the languishing spirit of poetry. Even the ugly pieces of wood, worshipped in the South Sea Islands, will probably at last receive names that may more commodiously hitch into verse, and be invoked to adorn and sanctify the belles lettres of the next century. The Mexican abominations and infernalities have already received from us their epic tribute. The poet has no reason to fear that the supply of gods may fail; it is at the same time a pity, one thinks, that a creature so immense should have been placed in a world so small as this, where all nature, all history, all morals, all true religion, and the whole resources of innocent fiction, are too little to furnish materials enough for the wants and labours of his genius.

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delight,

They would gaze on their babes with affection
and pride,

That thought would embitter, and wither, and
blight
Those pleasures to nature and feeling allied.

And thus when before them my Manitan played,
And I joined in his gambols all thoughtlessly
clouded those moments of pleasure, they said,

on the greatest part of the theological dogmas | But still they were captives; and when, with
and fancies of even the very philosophers who
would cite and applaud them. They rather
direct our contemplation and affection toward a
religion divinely revealed, than obtain any de-
gree of favour for those notions of the Divinity
which sprung and indefinitely multiplied from
a melancholy combination of ignorance and
depraved imagination. As to the apparent
analogy between certain particulars in the
pagan religions, and some of the most specific
articles of Christianity, those notions are pre-
sented in such fantastic, and varying, and
often monstrous, shapes, that they can be of
no prejudice to the Christian faith, either by
pre-occupying in our minds the place of the
Christian doctrines, or by indisposing us to
admit them, or by perverting our conception
of them.

As to the ancient metaphysical speculation, whatever may be the tendency of metaphysical study in general, or of the particular systems of modern philosophers, as affecting the cordial and simple admission of Christian doctrines, the ancient metaphysics may certainly be pronounced inoperative and harmless.

THE NEGRO GIRL.

THOUGH my skin may be sable and coarse, and
my hair

Want the grace of those ringlets that wave on
thy brow,

Yet think not my Manitan deems me less fair,
Or less lovely, bright maiden of Albion, than
thou.

and dim

Is their lustre, and shone with affection as true,
When their dark-beaming glances were shed upon

him,

As e'er shone in those eyes, though so melting

and blue.

And though nurtured in bondage, to slavery born,
The bursts of affection will not be restrained :
The hands and the feet may with fetters be worn,

The few observations which the subject may require to be made on ancient literature, will be directed to the part of it most immediately descriptive of what may be called human reality, representing character, sentiment, and These eyes once were bright, though now faded action. For it will be allowed that the purely speculative part of that literature has, in a great measure, ceased to interfere with the intellectual discipline of modern times. It obtains too little attention, and too little deference, to contribute materially to the forma tion of the mental habits which are adverse to the Christian doctrines and spirit. Divers learned and fanatical devotees to antiquity and paganism have, indeed, made some effort to recall the long departed veneration for the dreams and subtleties of ancient philosophy. But they might, with as good a prospect of success, recommend the building of temples or a pantheon, and the revival of the institutions of idolatrous worship. The greater number of intelligent, and even learned men, would feel but little regret in consigning the largest. proportion of that philosophy to oblivion; unless they may be supposed to like it as heathenism more than they admire it as wisdom; or unless their pride would wish to retain a reminiscence of it for contrast to their own more rational philosophizing.

The ancient speculations of the religious order include, indeed, some splendid ideas relating to a Supreme Being; but these ideas impart no attraction to that immensity of inane and fantastic follies, from the chaos of which they stand out, as of nobler essence and origin. For the most part, they probably were traditionary remains of divine communications to man in the earliest ages. A few of them were, possibly, the utmost efforts of human intellect, at some happy moments excelling itself. But, in whatever proportions they be referred to the one origin or the other, they stand so distinguished from the accumulated multifarious vanities of pagan speculation on the subject of Deity, that they throw contempt on those speculations. They throw contempt

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But the feelings of nature can never be chained.

In a glen of South Afric our fathers were born,
Together they roamed over mountains and
plains;

The same fate pursued them, for one fatal morn
Saw them dragged to the slave-ship and loaded
with chains!

The horrors they witnessed, the sufferings they
bore,

Would harrow the soul if the half were but

told ;

Let it pass!-they were borne to this pitiless
shore,

And, exposed to the mart, to one master were
sold.

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gay,

To think that their children were captives as they.

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Here hopeless I toil 'neath a vertical sun,
And the hours, alas! are now joyless and
dim,

And the juice of the guana, when labour is done,
Has lost all its sweetness, no more shared with
him.

But weep not, dear lady! there yet is for me

A home in the land where the weary shall rest; There my spirit, by Jesus redeemed, shall be

free

From all thraldom and pain, and eternally blessed.

But plead for the captive-sweet lady, oh, plead!
When thy footsteps again shall press England's

blest shore,

That the slave from captivity soon may be freed

And Britons may license oppression no more"!

REVIEW.

A SECOND LETTER FROM LEGION TO THE DUKE OF RICHMOND; containing an Analysis of the Anti-Slavery Evidence produced before the Committee of the House of Lords. London. S. Bagster. pp. 152.

THE readers of Legion's former Letter will be prepared to find in the present publication marks of an acute and vigorous mind, together with such habits of analysis and comparison as materially promote the interests of truth. In this expectation they will not be disappointed. The voluminous and important evidence given by various anti-slavery witnesses has been arrayed by Legion with considerable skill and effect. He has thus successfully exhibited the nature and duration of slave-labour, the coercion and discipline which are maintained, the demoralized state of colonial society, the hostility to religion, the waste of human life, and numerous other kindred topics. We cannot speak too highly of the publication, or recommend it too strongly to our friends. It is one of the most effective publications which have been raised by the friends of emancipation, and cannot fail to make a deep impression. The following evidence, given by Mr. Taylor, the manager of three plantations, is of so horrible a nature as to make the blood run cold. Should any object to the quotation of such passages, that it is not consistent with delicacy, we take liberty to remark that that delicacy must be morbid which would secure impunity to the perpetrators of such cruelties. No, they must be known in all their offensiveness, that the deep reprobation of the British public should be promptly expressed.

"Did you ever know an instance of a hole being dug to enable the driver to place a negro woman that was pregnant in the hole to flog her?

"Yes; I was told that by the head driver of Papine, a man that I have every reason to believe was respectable, a man I had very little to do with. I had been told those stories about flogging pregnant women. My attention being called to the subject, I was exceedingly anxious to arrive at the truth by asking other people, and I was determined to ask the negroes, and overseers, and bookkeepers. Among others, I asked this head driver of Papine, a decent man, as I thought him, and he told me one instance in which he had himself inflicted the punishment. The woman was pregnant, and he told his story very clearly. This woman had been punished in that way. What made me believe it was,-this was a woman who had carried some complaint to Mr. Wildman; she complained of her being punished and losing her children in the womb, and after that she brought forth her children. His impression was, that the loss of the fœtus was in consequence of this. This driver told me there was an excavation made, and she was placed in it, and he flogged her with a whip, and afterwards, I think, with the ebony switch. After giving them the thirty-nine, they switch them. There was another respectable negro upon the estate whom I examined separately. He had not been present, but he said he believed the thing did happen, and that during his residence on the estate those things had often happened; that pregnant women were often flogged, and he believed every woman upon the estate had been fogged over and over again. This was before Mr. Wildman went out to Jamaica."

"Are female slaves liable to be flogged equally with the males?

Certainly; when I was in Jamaica that was the case decidedly.

Do they, in point of fact, receive flogging?

They did constantly, at least whenever it was thought necessary.

"Will you describe the manner in which such floggings were inflicted?

one.

"On the estates under my care I never allowed them to be flogged, so that I never saw one there. I never happened to be admitted to see it on any I have seen it in the St. Andrew's workhouse. I saw four or five women flogged; they were of all ages; one of sixteen, another of twenty-two, another of thirty-five, and an old woman female punishment I ever witnessed, and I never of sixty, a grey-headed woman; that was the only wish to witness it again. They were very dreadful. They were made fast by means of a block and tackle they had in the workhouse, which not only confined them, but stretched them--they were flogged with a cat-o'-nine-tails. I do not mean to say that the stretching was done to add to the torture, but it was unavoidable. I spoke to two negroes who were punished in that workhouse, and they told me it was the severest part of the punishments; their expression was, that they were

stretched till their backs cracked.

"Are children liable to be flogged? provides no limitation as to age or sex. "All slaves are liable to be flogged-the law "Have any other such instances come within your knowledge, and in which no redress has been attainable?

"I have met with many instances of very cruel treatment, but on examining into them there was no law to meet them, and therefore it was impossible to do any thing. There was another case of a girl of nineteen; the only redress her friends had was to get her manumitted; an individual applied for her manumission; her owner, a cruel cation with this person, and she consented to sell woman, I suppose did not wish to get into alterher, and she is now free. She was severely flogged in the St. Andrew's workhouse, worked in the chain, and flogged after. There was no redress for it; I could only tell them that the mistress had a legal right to do so.

"That number is sufficient to be very severe ? "It is. I can only state, that I have known eighteen lashes cause a degree of suffering that was dreadful, and called for notice; but the law having allowed thirty-nine lashes, the parties who sought redress were completely baffled. The case was one of a young girl of eighteen who received eighteen lashes; it was one on which every man felt deeply, and the chief magistrate of the parish took it up very warmly, the official people of the parish took it up very warmly, but the overseer set them all at defiance by simply pointing to the

statute.

"Have any other instances come within your own knowledge of harsh treatment and cruelty?

Yes; if I referred to my notes, I could speak to some. There was one came under my notice just when I was coming away, the very last that came within my own knowledge. I remember a poor creature came to me to complain, thinking I could do something for him. He stated himself to have been most barbarously flogged; and on his being stripped, which I caused him to be, his body did present a most dreadful aspect. He was suffering at the time from disease; he was weak in body; he was perfectly unfit to be punished, however flagitious his conduct might have been. I told him what the law was; that he might go before the magistrate and exhibit his person, which of itself was abundant evidence, and call for a Council of Protection; but the man said there was no use in doing that; that it would end in his getting another lashing, and that he would rather let it pass unless I would go with him, which I could not, for I was about to embark for England. "Have you any means of knowing whether this poor creature obtained redress?

I am sure he got none, for he determined to go home. I should doubt whether he was alive, for he seemed in bad health; I think he must have died some months after.-(Vide pp. 570, 571.)

"Does not it often happen that a female slave

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Have you not yourself seen an instance of a severe flogging of two women by a driver, in which you were urged by a military friend, a stranger to the colony, to interfere? and if you have, be so good as to state the circumstances.

"I saw two women flogged: I would not call it severe flogging, for it was nothing compared to the flogging I have described in the first part of my examination; but riding in a remote part of the island, I came upon the spot, and saw the punishment. I did interfere, but it was useless, for it was legal. The individual who was employed in flogging told me, very firmly but very respectfully, that he could not help it-he was a slave himself he was obliged to do it, and was acting under his orders, and those orders were perfectly legal. I was myself a magistrate of the neighbouring district, but I could not interfere.

"If one had been his mother, and the other his sister, he would have been equally obliged to flog them?

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"Is it not the constant custom that the wives and daughters of the slaves are thus flogged in the presence of their nearest relatives?

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Yes; they are flogged in what is called in this country the farm yard, at the entrance of the overseer's house; the punishments take place in the presence of a body of persons.

"Where their nearest relatives may be? "Yes, or they take place in the field.. "Does it not at the same time happen that those relatives are employed to flog them?

"It may happen; but never having superintended those punishments myself, I cannot speak with confidence. A driver is compelled to flog any person he is directed to flog-he has no choice." -(Vide p. 581.)

GOD'S WORKS OUGHT TO BE INQUIRED INTO, AND THAT SUCH INQUIRIES ARE COMMENDABLE. THE Creator doubtless did not bestow so much curiosity and exquisite workmanship and skill upon his creatures, to be looked upon with a careless, incurious eye, especially to have them slighted or contemned; but to be admired by the rational part of the world, to magnify his own power, wisdom, and goodness, throughout all the world, and the ages thereof. And, therefore, we may look upon it as a great error, not to answer those ends of the infinite Creator, but rather to oppose and affront them. On the contrary, my text commends God's works, not only for being great, but also approves of those curious and ingenious inquirers that seek them out, or pry into them. And the more we pry into them, and discover of them, be, the more worthy of, and the more expressly the greater and more glorious we find them to to proclaim, their great Creator.

Commendable, then, are the researches which many amongst us have, of late years, made into the works of nature, more than have been done in some ages before. And, therefore, when we are asked Cui bono ?-To what purpose such inquiries, such pains, such expence?-the answer is easy: It is to answer

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the ends for which God bestowed so much art,
wisdom, and power about them, as well as
given us senses to view and survey them; an
understanding and curiosity to search into
them: it is to follow and trace them when and
whither he leads us, that we may see and ad-
mire his handy-work ourselves, and set it forth
to others, that they may see, admire, and praise
it also. I shall therefore conclude this infer-
ence with what Elihu recommends (Job xxxvi.
24, 25): "Remember that thou magnify his
work, which men behold. Every man may
see it; men may behold it afar off."-Der-
ham's Physico-Theology.

DISTANCES OF THE PLANETS."
THE method of investigation used to deter-
mine the distance of a planet, is the same as
that applied to find out the distance of any
object, within our view, upon the earth. Thus,
if a ship, coasting along the shore, passes any
object, such as a lighthouse, if the object lies
near her line, of course, she very quickly leaves
it behind her; but, if the object be many miles
from her line, of course, she appears to be
nearly abreast of it, perhaps, the whole of the
day, although sailing at a rapid rate. This
would enable us to judge of the distance, if
the diminution of the object, in point of size,
did not also convince us. Now, upon
this very
fact or principle, united with a discovery of
Kepler's, and other information gathered at
observations taken during the transit of Venus
over the disc of the sun in 1769 and 1781, do
philosophers determine the distances and mea-
sure the diameters of the planets. This dis-
covery of Kepler's was, that the squares of the
periodical times of the planets are as the cubes
of their mean distances from the sun. That is
to say, if you multiply the numbers expressing
the times of going round, each by itself, the
products will be to one another in the propor-
tion of the average distances multiplied each
by itself, and that product again by the dis-
tance. Thus, if one body takes two hours, and

A LIONESS'S CUBS NURSED BY A is five yards distant, the other, being ten yards

GOAT.

GENERAL WATSON, while out one morning on horseback, with a double barreled rifle, was suddenly surprised by a large male lion, which bounded out upon him from a thick jungle. He fired, and it fell dead almost close to his feet. A female then darted out upon him. He

BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH, KING'S
CROSS, NEW ROAD, LONDON.

MORISON'S UNIVERSAL VEGETABLE
MEDICINE.

Mr. Earl,
body, legs, and hands, and exhibited all the symptoms
Sir,-My wife was suddenly seized with cramps in the
usually attending what the doctors call Cholera Morbus.
Satisfied that unequivocal power and efficacy was to be
found only in the Universal Medicines," I immediately
had recourse to them; gave her ten pills of No. 2; in two
hours, ten more; when powerful evacuations reduced the
severity of the spasms and cramps, and a third dose of the

same pills, next day, restored her to health.
With gratitude to Mr. Morison, and all of the College of
Health,
I remain, dear Sir, yours truly,
JOHN BALEY.

Whittlesea, Cambridgeshire, Oct. 3, 1832.
"two females that were attacked with the cholera; one of
P.S.-Mr. Anthony, Agent at Wisbeach, informs me of
them took the Universals,' in strong doses, and was well
after a few doses; the other took five pills, and would not
consequence was, she was bad for three weeks, and at the
take any more, but would have a medical attendant: the
present time is not able to walk about."

It is quite amusing to hear, at the different places where
I have been, how the doctors try to bias the public mind
of one thing, some another, and some of all manner of
by the trumpery tales of "poison," "bread crumbs," some
things! but the mystery is, they cannot say the right
it. Say, however, all they can, invent and do all they
thing; or if they could, it would not pay them to act upon
can, the world is awake, and the public will have "Mori-
son's Pills."
I am, Gentlemen, yours, &c.
Cambridge, Oct. 4th, 1832.
THOMAS EARL

CAUTION TO THE PUBLIC. MORISON'S UNIVERSAL MEDICINES having superseded the use of almost all the Patent Me

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distant, will take something less than five
hours and forty minutes.
the distance of one planet, it is easy to find dicines which the wholesale venders have foisted upon
Knowing, therefore,
out the distance of all the rest, because the the credulity of the searchers after health, for so many
squares of the periodical times of the planets years, the town druggists and chemists, not able to establish
are as the cubes of their mean distances from competition, have plunged into the mean expedient of puff-
a fair fame on the invention of any plausible means of
the sun.-The Christian Philosopher.
ing up a "Dr. Morrison" (observe the subterfuge of the
double r), a being who never existed, as prescribing a
"Vegetable Universal Pill, No. 1 and 2," for the express
purpose (by means of this forged imposition upon the pub-
MEDICINES" of the " BRITISH COLLEGE OF
HEALTH."

Just Published,

wounded her, and she fled into the thicket A BRIEF EXPOSITION of the ORIGIN, lic), of deteriorating the estimation of the "UNIVERSAL

Suspecting that her den was close at hand,
he followed, soon tracked her to it, and
completed her destruction. "In the den
were found a beautiful pair of cubs, male
and female, supposed to be then not more
than three days old. These the General
brought away with him, and succeeded,
by the assistance of a goat, who was pre-
vailed upon to act in the capacity of fos-
ter-mother to the royal pair, in rearing
them until they attained sufficient age
and strength to enable them to bear the
voyage to England. On their arrival in
this country, in September, 1823, he pre-
sented them to his Majesty, who com-
manded them to be placed in the Tower
of London."

SONNET.

WRITTEN ON THE SABBATH DAY.

WHEN by God's inward light, a happy child,
I walk'd in joy, as in the open air,
It seem'd to my young thought the Sabbath smiled
With glory and with love. So still, so fair,
The heav'ns looked ever on that hallowed morn,
That, without aid of memory, something there
Had surely told me of its glad return.
How did my little heart at evening burn,
When, fondly seated on my father's knee,
Taught by the lip of love, I breath'd the prayer,
Warm from the fount of infant piety!
Much is my spirit changed; for years have brought
Intenser feeling and expanded thought;--
Yet, must I envy every child I see!

DESIGN, and FULFILMENT of the JEWISH
SABBATH, and Remarks on the Christian Sabbath;

abridged from the writings of Dr. Heylin, John Calvin,
Archdeacon Paley, Dr. Whately, William Penn, and

others. Price 1s. 3d.

DR.

London: Whittaker and Co. Liverpool: T. Hodgson.
For Convulsion Fits, Epileptic Fits.
R. HADLEY'S POWDERS, a safe and
certain Cure for Inward Weakness, Convulsion Fits,
Epileptic Fits, Hysterics, and Nervous Complaints.
These Powders possess extraordinary properties, and, by
due perseverance in their application, effect a safe and
certain cure in all cases of Relaxation, Debility, and
Weakness in Children and Adults; give immediate relief
Convulsion Fits; also in cases of Epilepsy, or Falling Fits.
to the suffering Infant, or Grown Persons afflicted with
In Lassitude and Nervous Debility, Hysterics, and Spas.
modic Complaints, these Powders present a grand resto-
rative; also extirpate Fits which Females are subject to
during Pregnancy. They strengthen the stomach, increase
the appetite, promote digestion, and, finally, invigorate the
whole frame, without confinement, change of diet, or
hindrance of business.

From Lord Viscount Amiens.

To Mr. Rowland.

Sir, I feel I should be doing you the greatest injustice, and also to the public generally, were I to withhold from you my testimony in favour of your inestimable medicine, Dr. Hadley's Powders, which, under Providence, has been the means of restoring my infant child under eircumstances the most unparalleled, having the first medical advice, and no more effect than momentary relief. The infant daily declining, insomuch that the bones were nearly through the skin, in this wretched situation I administered daily your powders, and no other medicine; and, to the astonishment even of my medical friends, it had the hap; piest result in restoring my infant to perfect health. I shall be most happy to satisfy any respectable inquirer (by previous appointment) in person.

I am, Sir,

Your much obliged and most obedient servant, Temple House, January 7, 1824. AMIENS. These Powders are faithfully prepared and sold by the sole Proprietors, A. ROWLAND and SON, 20, Hatton Garden. Packages at 2s. 9d. and 4s. 6d. per packet, or in bottles containing three 4s. 6d. at 11s. each, and in larger bottles 22s. each, duty included.

Sold, by appointment, by Mr. Sanger, Medicine WareFleet Market; Edwards, 66, St. Paul's Church-yard; C. house, 150, Oxford-street: Messrs. Barclay and Sons, 95, Butler, 4, Cheapside; W. Sutton and Co., Bow Churchyard; Prout, 229, Strand; Johnston, Cornhill, and Greekstreet, Soho; J. and C. Evans, Long-lane, Smithfield; PROFESSOR WILSON. and Bolton and Tutt, Royal Exchange.

KNOW ALL MEN, then, that this attempted delusion must fall under the fact, that (however specious the pretence), none can be held genuine by the College but those which have "Morison's Universal Medicines" impressed upon the Government Stamp attached to each box and packet, to counterfeit which is felony by the laws of the land.

The "Vegetable Universal Medicines" are to be had at the College, New Road, King's Cross, London; at the Surrey Branch, 96, Great Surrey-street; Mr. Field's, 16, Airstreet, Quadrant; Mr. Chappell's, Royal Exchange; Mr. Walker's, Lamb's-conduit-passage, Red-lion-square; Mr. J. Loft's, Mile-end-road; Mr. Bennett's, Covent-gardenmarket; Mr. Haydon's, Fleur-de-lis-court, Norton-falgate; Mr. Haslet's, 147, Ratcliffe-highway; Messrs. Norbury's, Brentford; Mrs. Stepping, Clare-market; Messrs. Salmon, Little Bell-alley; Miss Varai's, 24, Lucas-street, Cominercial-road; Mrs. Beech's, 7, Sloane-square, Chelsea; Mrs. Chapple's, Royal Library, Pall-mall; Mrs. Pippen's, 18, Wingrove-place, Clerkenwell; Miss C. Atkinson, 19, New Trinity-grounds, Deptford; Mr. Taylor, Hanwell; Mr. Kirtlam, 4, Bolingbroke-row, Walworth; Mr. Payne, 64, Jermyn-street; Mr. Howard, at Mr. Wood's, hair-dresser, Richmond; Mr. Meyar, 3, May's-buildings, Blackheath; wall-road, Lambeth; Mr. J. Dobson, 35, Craven-street, Mr. Griffiths, Wood-wharf, Greenwich; Mr. Pitt, 1, CornStrand; Mr. Oliver, Bridge-street, Vauxhall; Mr. J. Monck, Bexley Heath; Mr. T. Stokes, 12, St. Ronan's, Deptford; Mr. Cowell, 22, Terrace, Pimlico; Mr. Parfitt, ten-lane; Mr. Charlesworth, grocer, 124 Shoreditch; Mr. 96, Edgware-road; Mr. Hart, Portsmouth-place, KenningJ. Avila, pawnbroker, opposite the church, Hackney; Mr R. G. Bower, grocer, 22, Brick-lane, St. Luke's; Mr. S. J. S. Briggs, 1, Brunswick-place, Stoke Newington; Mr. falgate; Mr. J. Williamson, 15, Seabright-place, HackneyT. Gardner, 95, Wood-street, Cheapside, and 9, Nortonroad; Mr. J. Osborn, Wells-street, Hackney road, and Homerton; Mr. H. Cox, grocer, 16, Union-street, Bishopsgate-street; Mr. T. Walter, cheesemonger, 67, Hoxton Old Town; and at one agent's in every principal town in Great Britain, the Islands of Guernsey and Malta; and throughout the whole of the United States of America.

N. B. The College will not be answerable for the consequences of any medicines sold by any chymist or druggist, cines." as none such are allowed to sell the "Universal Medi

Printed by J. HADDON and Co.; and Published by J. CRISP, at No. 27, Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, where all Advertisements and Communications for the Editor are to be addressed.

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