YORK CATHEDRAL. THE first notices of the history of this edifice, though referring to such remote times as the early part of the seventh century, are unusually distinct. It appears that Edwin, King of Northumbria, to whom is due the honour of Christianizing the North of England, commenced his career by himself submitting to the ordinance of baptism. This was performed by Paulinus, April 12th, 627, in a small wooden chapel, which had been hastily constructed for the purpose. When, however, this event began, from its consequence, to be looked back upon as important, Paulinus suggested that an appropriate church of stone should be erected on the spot, at once to commemorate the event, and to enclose the edifice in which it occurred. This was accordingly done; but it does not appear to have been a very permanent monument; for, in 720, Eddius writes a minute description of it, stating that it was then in ruins, and inhabited by birds. Wilfrid, however, renewed it, with considerable additions, and shortly afterwards it was still further enriched by the presentation of Archbishop Egbert's library. This prelate had appointed the celebrated Alcuin, afterwards Abbot of Canterbury, to be his librarian-a man highly distinguished by his literary attainments, and whom we have before had occasion to bring before the notice of our readers, as the finder and translator of the Book of Jasher. Indeed, every thing connected with Alcuin tends to inspire an interest in his character and literary history, and especially in the library, which, at this early period, grew up under his hands; and we cannot, therefore, but deplore that, owing to the accident about to be mentioned, we are shut out from all information on the subject. But it was not in literary research alone that Alcuin gained his renown. We owe to him the rebuilding of this Cathedral, in the most magnificent Saxon style, after a fire, by which it suffered much injury, in 741. Nor need it be regarded as very remarkable, that the clergy should in this age have excelled in an art so foreign from their profession as that of architecture, when it is recollected that in these ages of darkness they were the almost exclusive depositories of education, and, consequently, of every branch of useful knowledge; and that most of their abbeys and cathedrals were built by themselves. Little is known of the history of this edifice from the time of Alcuin to the time of the Norman conquest. In 1069 the Northumbrians attempted, with the assistance of the Danes, to overthrow the usurped dominion of the Norman conqueror, besieged and fired York, and burnt to the ground the Cathedral, to gether with the interesting collection of manuscripts to which we have alluded. By the exertions, however, of Thomas of Bayeux, the Cathedral rose again with increased extent and elegance. But a species of fatality seemed to be directed against the designs of these reverend individuals, for in 1137 it was again destroyed by an accidental fire. This event seems to have repressed their pious ardour for a time, as we find that it lay in ruins until the year 1171, when Archbishop Roger began to rebuild the choir. In 1260 John de Romayn erected the north part of the transept, and raised a tower in the place which the great lantern afterwards occupied. His son laid the foundation of the nave in 1291, and in 1330 we find the west end completed. During the civil wars it suffered, in common with most other buildings of its class, from the barbarous zeal of the popular party, but was repaired by a subscription of the nobility and gentry of the county; and from that time until February, 1829, it experienced none of those vicissitudes which marked its earlier history. The event, which occurred at the period to which we refer (we mean the conflagration by which it was so materially injured), is too well known, and too deeply deplored by all lovers of antiquity and of art, to render it necessary for us to dwell upon it; we hope, however, that the munificence and the skill which have been exerted will not fail to restore it to its former magnificence. ON THE DEATH OF A YOUTH. WE had hopes it was pleasure to nourish, (Then how shall our sorrow be mute?) That those bright buds of genius would flourish, And burst into blossom and fruit. But our hopes and our prospects are shaded; Ere the beauty of spring-time is fled. BERNARD BARTON. IMITATION FROM THE PERSIAN. BY DR. SOUTHEY. LORD! who art merciful as well as just, NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. We have received the contribution of A Constant Reader. We thank H. H. for his advice. The Editor feels that some apology is due to the Society of Friends in general, for the accidental admission of some passages, in a letter from R. S., in No. 20 of The Tourist, involving some reflections upon them as a body, which, with all respect to R. S., he considers as uncalled for and unjust. He is exceedingly sorry that his unwillingness to limit too nar the influence of example is gone; and the idle and vicious, being alone left to perform the labours of the estate, are stimulated to insubordination by jealousy of the good fortune of their emancipated brethren; if, on the other hand, the idle and turbulent are selected, a premium is given for bad behaviour, and slavery becomes the reward of merit. Suppose another principle is adopted--the emancipation, by lot, of a given number anrowly the expressions of a correspondent who was writ-nually, without reference to character. Not ing in self-defence should have led him to overlook only would the same jealousy be provoked, the objectionable tendency of some passages contained but, inasmuch as this reduction of the effecin the letter. The Tourist is surely the last publica- tive power of the gang would throw additional tion which should contain any reflections upon a body duty on the remainder, that jealousy would be of Christians, to whose benevolent efforts the cause of justified by severer usage (if that, indeed, is the enslaved African has been, for upwards of a cen- possible); and sullen discontent, we all know, tury, so deeply indebted. does not require the apology of being well founded, to lead to revolt. We say nothing of the hardship on the planter, of thus incapacitating him from carrying on the works of the plantation; for, in honest truth, we think that his interest is only entitled to secondary consideration; yet even he might complain with reason, that, when freemen will not submit to the degradation of working with slaves (vide the evidence passim), he is thus deprived of the opportunity of replacing his emancipated hands by the aid of free labour. What other plan of selection can be suggested? We be THE TOURIST. MONDAY, JANUARY 21, 1833. FALLACY OF GRADUAL EMAN CIPATION. WE beg to call the attention of our readers to the following very able and valuable article, which we copy from the Christian Advocate. lieve that we have exhausted them all. Then comes the scheme of compulsory manumission; or, to speak more intelligibly to those who are not familiar with the phraseology of the question, compelling the owner to manumit any slave who can buy his own freedom; and here, we must premise, a great error generally obtains. Many of the witnesses speak of "slaves" possessing property. There are many classes of slaves. Some are employed as mechanics; others as head men, to superintend various departments of labour; and many more as domestics. Of these classes, no doubt, several possess property to an amount that might enable them to buy their freedom, on the compulsory principle; but their proportion is scarcely as one to a hundred of the slave population. They are not only exceptions, but rare exceptions, to the general rule; and, when our readers hear the property of slaves discussed, we entreat them to bear in mind this distinction-the field slaves, taken collectively, possess no property; yet they form, at least, 300,000 of the slaves in Jamaica! MANY plans have been from time to time suggested, and, under the specious name of "Gradual Abolition," have been thoughtlessly supported by those who affect an anxiety for the slave, while they will not give themselves the trouble to read that they may think, or to think on the little which they have read. There is something sweetly soothing about this term "Gradual;" it is quite comfortable to the indolent philanthropist. He seats himself in quiet by his fireside, indulging in all the luxury of a cheerful blaze and an easy chair, and consoling himself with the amplitude of time which his principle of benevolence will require for its full development! "Don't be impatient, my good friend-all great bodies must be moved with caution; sudden changes are attended with danger-take your time about it the more haste the worse speed;" and thus, with a hundred old saws, all to the same effect, he lulls body and conscience together into a convenient slumber, and satisfies nineteen out of twenty, as well of his wisdom as of his philanthropy! This is pure babbling, and as mischievous as it is puerile. Let us examine some of these plans of "Gradual-rency. ism," and see to what they amount. One of the most approved of them is to emancipate a given number of slaves annually. With whom will you begin? If you select the children or the aged, what can be the result, but to throw on the colony a number of paupers, incapable of providing for themselves, and where no poor-laws are in force to ensure a bare subsistence? The children are at present supported by their parents, by the provisions raised in their extra hours; and, wretched as this support must be, it is at least enough to keep body and soul together. That very intelligent witness, Mr. Barry, at page 435 of the Lords' Evidence, is asked the question, "Do the parents support them now?" and distinctly replies in the affirmative, "They do ;" and again, at page 439, he repeats that "the provisions for them are raised by the labour of their parents." Should the selection, then, be made of the adults? How, again, is the choice to be determined? If the best characters are removed, The Consolidated Slave Act proves, moreover, that the slave cannot, by law, possess, distinctly from his owner, more than £25 cur But, to return from this digression, does not this system of compulsory manumission obviously work the same injustice that we have before described? In proportion as a slave is ingenious, orderly, and industrious, he enhances his value, and thus his good behaviour raises the price which he must pay for his freedom. In like manner, too, it ensures the release, in the first instance, of the well-conducted part of the gang; and thus, again, the danger is incurred that attends every other plan of selection. It is also attended by another evil of no cominon magnitude: it has a direct tendency to break through all the social ties, and to sever those domestic relations which policy, as well as religion, would encourage. Half a life of extra labour might, possibly, enable a man to buy himself; but how is he, then, to accomplish the freedom of his wife and children? It is admitted by Mr. Shand, a colonial witness, that one day's labour will produce provisions sufficient for a slave's maintenance throughout the year (ride | pages 206 and 207 of the Lords' Evidence); and, also by him, and all the witnesses, that the only source of a slave's property is the sale of extra provisions, which, in such a fertile country, can scarcely be very valuable. Yet the average price of an adult-slave is, at least, £80. Are we, then, unreasonable in assuming that life is too short, even for the most industrious negro, to effect more than his own purchase, under the most favourable circumstances?-and thus he must, under a system of compulsory manumission, abandon those who are dearest to him, to hopeless misery under their owner's lash! It is unnecessary to advert particularly to the proposition of declaring the children freeborn. This plan has been long exploded. Not only is it open to many of the objections we have stated, but all are at length agreed that the freedom of adults is, at least, of equal importance to that of their offspring. Indeed, none but those who absurdly despaired of ever obtaining more would have dreamt of leaving helpless infants to the tender mercies of slaveowning barbarians. Oh! how liberal would have been their maintenance! How gentle their nurture! How pure, how Christian, their education! What, then, is to be done? Again and again have we answered that question: long before this evidence ever saw the light, or had even been given. Emancipate them all-at once-without delay-every man, woman, and child, that breathes in bondage. Away with all your cowardly sagacity! your timorous prudence! your slothful, sluggish, slumbering, procrastinating humanity! It is in this the danger lies: every veteran knows that safety is found in courage, not in fear; every schoolboy will tell you that he who shrinks from the leap will fall into the ditch. We are mistaken if we do not make this apparent, even to the most hare-hearted gradualist of them all. Jamaica is even now on the brink of danger; if the next packet brings us tidings of a sanguinary and decisive revolt we shall not be surprised; and, thank God, we shall not have ourselves to blame; but we will plainly tell our cautious abolitionists that the burthen on their consciences will be only inferior to that of the white self-deluded wretches, who will fall the first victims to the vengeance of the oppressed! We might multiply quotations to the same effect; perhaps, hereafter, we shall do so; but, for the present, we content ourselves with entreating patient and fixed attention to the following extract from Mr. Barry's evidence, which we select because it is throughout distinguished by a calm intelligence that entitles it to more than ordinary weight. That its effect was astounding to the noble examiners is very apparent, from the eager anxiety of the cross-examination, and the disposition exhibited, in the subsequent examination of Admiral Fleming, to convict him of inaccuracy; Mr. Barry stood the test of both ordeals, and his testimony is corroborated by all who followed him. Upon the whole, what do you consider the situation of the field slave, as to his physical condition, in respect of food and clothing, and his general treatment? I believe that the physical condition of the slave is such as to render it impossible that he can ever be satisfied with such a state. I have already described the moral and religious state of destitution in which he is placed. Do you consider that emancipaton would in any respect be more dangerous than abolition might be, postponed to a distant or uncertain date? I certainly do not. I believe that immediate abolition will even be productive of less danger than a gradual abolition; because, allowing, for instance, that the children of the negroes were to be freed after a certain period, I feel convinced the present race of negroes will never be satisfied to remain in a state of servitude; and my impression has long been that any attempt to continue the system of slavery will be accompanied with greater danger than emancipation. You mean emancipation under certain restrictions? Yes, those I have referred to. Suppose any system of partial abolition were adopted, whether it proceeded on the principle of emancipating a certain portion annually, or of emancipating the more orderly, industrious characters first, would it not be injurious to the planters in two ways-by diminishing the sufficiency of his slaves for the ordinary duties of his plantations, and by withdrawing the industrious characters in the gang? I certainly am of that opinion: it must necessarily follow, that where freedom should be given only to the best conducted, the worst conducted must remain, and the physical and numerical strength of the gang must be diminished by such gradual abolition. Would not such a plan of emancipation be doubly injurious to those who remained, from the strong temptation held out to the planter to make his remaining slaves do double work, to produce the same quantity of sugar as was produced before the gang was diminished? I think, under the existing state of things, that is highly probable, if not certain; and, besides that consideration, there is another danger, which I think would necessarily attach to such a measure, which would be, increasing the jealousy and discontented feeling of the slaves who remained. Do you conceive it would be possible, by any arrangement, to avoid those dangers, or the still greater risk of stimulating those who remained in slavery to emancipate themselves by violence? I do not think it possible that any such arrange ment could be made. Are not the slaves able to obtain regular information, through the newspapers, of all that passes in this country? and state the channel through which they obtain such information. the north side; and one instance was given, in Is not their desire for freedom, in consequence : It is and I believe no degree of moral and religious improvement will ever make the slaves satisfied with their present condition. Are you in any degree acquainted with the causes of the late insurrection in Jamaica? If you are, please to state them. thirst for liberty which God has implanted in every breast! We rejoice to see the legitimate operation of the British press in thus aiding the miserable in their desperate conflict. Let us not be misunderstood. We are no advocates for violence or insurrection, whatever be the provocation. We would not desecrate that sacred weapon, the liberty of the press, by exerting it in a sanguinary revolt; but we rejoice, we exult in seeing it thus expel the sepulchral darkness with which oppression has laboured too successfully to envelop the huts of slavery. The press of England cannot be silenced; its voice has been heard across the Atlantic. Ere another year has elapsed, we trust it will compel a hearing for the slave, even within the walls of a British Parliament ! The length to which we have extended these remarks obliges us to postpone, to another day, some further observations, which will show the comparative facility of now introducing a rigorous system of police in lieu of the existing discipline of the owner, a very important consideration in any scheme of abolition that may be contemplated. REVIEW. THE MOSAICAL AND MINERAL GEOLOGIES VOLNEY stood upon the Ruins of Empires. The geologist stands upon the ruins of the world. Volney enjoyed, mid the desolation around him, many a landscape, many a fairy scene. his ruins covered with verdure, and others asThe geologist, too, beholds many of suming proportions at once beautiful and sublime, and surveying them acknowledges that, whether chance or God were the creator, the wreck of matter transcends in excellence the loftiest imaginings of human wit. Volney, from his abstractions, arose to contemn revealed truth, and many a geologist has descended from ennobling contemplations to The fact which I have now stated I conceive to form the groundwork-a strong desire in the slaves to obtain their freedom; and I refer to their general information on the subject of the measures likely to be adopted at home for their final emancipation. They have long entertained the opinion, to use their own language, that the king has made them free, but that their masters have withheld that freedom from them; and I cannot avoid mentioning, in immediate connection with that impression, the injudicious measures adopted by the parochial meetings in Jamaica, just before I last went to that island. Meetings were called in the respective parishes for the purpose of adopting resolutions, and appointing delegates to England, in order to lay their causes of complaint before his majesty's government. It was then, I believe, stated, and it is the general impression in Jamaica at this moment, that, in the event of the non-interference of Government, they were to request to be freed from their allegiance to the British Crown. This was no secret; the negroes were perfectly aware of it, and they considered that this was shutting effectually the door against their hopes of freedom; and, connected with this measure, I can never avoid considering the rejection, for so I must call it, of Mr. Beaumont's compulsory Manumission Bill, as exerting a very powerful influence upon the negroes in respect to that insurrection. I have stated that his popularity rose to an immense height, on account of his having brought forward that measure; the negroes were highly excited in consequence, and their hopes were completely disappointed by the rejection of that measure by the Legislative Assembly. Here is another cause which, combined with the two former, I do think was a proximate cause of the rebellion, at least partially. In consequence of some disturbances which had taken place in the Windward Islands, his majesty felt himself called upon to issue a proclamation, which was also sent to Jamaica; but, in consequence of the state of quiet prevailing in that colony, the proclamation had not been and to confirm the Mosaic account. made public, but unfortunately (for I do consider streams of science have always some golden it as unfortunate), a few days before Christmas sands, and when time has allowed them to this proclamation was promulgated. I was stand-subside, and permitted their separation, they ing at our Chapel door, on the Parade, at Kingston, talking with another missionary; I saw a man in the act of posting one on the gate; I went Geology has subsisted long enough to unout and read it, and, as soon as I had done so, 1 dergo this refining process: her first rise was observed, "I shall feel very much mistaken if we like that of the mountain torrent, overwheimdo not have some disturbance this Christmas." He said, "Why?" I said, "From the effecting, desolating; but since she has spread which the wording of this proclamation will produce upon the minds of the slaves.' calculated to make an impression (remembering that they had long imagined the king had made them free) that his majesty was about to withdraw his interference on their behalf, and I did conceive I was aware of that fact before I left Jamaica; one of the most intelligent men in the country told me so but, since my arrival in London, I have received a letter from one of our missionaries, who, in conjunction with others, was requested by, I think, the custos, Mr. Barrett, to examine some negroes, under sentence of death in Montego Bay gaol, on the cause of the late insurrection, and one of the principal persons informed the missionaries, who were then inquiring into the circumstances, that they received their intelligence through the medium of the English papers, one of which he produced in confirmation of the fact. There is another medium through which communications of that kind are made to the negroes. We have in Jamaica what are called walking buckras -white men, who have either served on board merchant vessels, or had formerly served as overseers and book-keepers; in either case they are now out of employment. They are a public nuisance in the country, and by their conduct produce a great deal of mischief; they go to the negro houses, for the purpose of procuring a night's lodging or rum; and I am informed that they take the island papers, and read them to the negroes, which is a very dangerous but common mode of communicating intelligence. But there is another source of formation which ought not to be lost sight of, which is, the incautious manner in which the gentlemen of Jamaica talk before their own servants. Domestic servants are, in general, very numerous in the houses of the planters; and, either before How pregnant with instruction is every syltheir own families or friends, they talk as openly lable of this extract! Treason, on the one and freely as if the negroes did not understand what hand, ruthlessly working its own punishment they were saying. It appears from the letters I-sedition opening for its authors a gulf of have received, and the testimony of those men under sentence of death, that such was the fact on It was that they would consider that as shutting the last 540. destruction-while, on the other, neither mo- prove The may be molten, struck with the impress of truth, and cast into the treasury of the Lord. abroad upon the surface of science, her waters have lost their turbulence and turbid hue; becalmed, they reflect the light of heaven, and from her depths religion gathers an enriching store. The work before us is from the pen of a Christian geologist. The execution is satisfactory; displaying more of the philosopher than the man of letters, yet not destitute of vigorous and beautiful passages. The plan of this treatise, for it does not assume the portli ness of a volume, is, by introductory remarks, to justify the institution of the comparison between the Mosaical and Mineral Geologiesnext, to give an Outline of Practical Geology, in which the author adopts the classification of De la Beche-then, to exhibit a view of Theoretic Geology-and, finally, to show that the Mosaic account perfectly tallies with modern discoveries, and the more sober theories which have been founded upon them. Except the detail of the second part, the subject cannot fail to be interesting: even in that there are one or two statements calculated to draw forth much wonder and admiration. If geology had done nothing more than given us an enlarged view of the wonder-working power of the Great Supreme, it would have accomplished something; but it also unfolds recondite instances of his wisdom. Thus we find that while the rugged outline of the Alp, or the broken crag of the Derbyshire landscape, administers to our pleasure, the ragged strata lay bare veins of metal, or invite the miner to run an adit for coal. Lest untutored man should remain incurious of the riches of the earth, her varied stores were broken open and exposed to view. DUKE OF RICHMOND, Chairman of the Slavery Committee of the House of Lords. Containing an Exposure of the Character of the Evidence on the Colonial Side, London. Bagster. pp. 196. 8vo. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. philosophy must be wrong. In fine, however, | A LETTER FROM LEGION TO HIS GRACE THE it seems that the Bible and philosophy stand together, and the only wrong parties were the dogmatists on either side. The peculiarity of the present book consists in this, that the author adopts the notions of modern geologists as to the earth's age to the fullest extent, and WE can do little more, in our present numin so doing finds his faith in the Mosaic his- ber, than announce the publication of this tory confirmed : in fact, as the title intimates, | pamphlet, and strongly recommend its immethe Mosaic and Mineral Geologies, when com- diate and attentive perusal to our readers. It pared, illustrate one another. We first notice will go far to exhibit, in its true character of a short reference to the Deluge, which is sub-ignorance, misrepresentation, and inconsiststantiated by a new and more approved evi- ency, the colonial evidence which has been dence than that of which we were bereft. The adduced before the Lords' Committee, and Deluge was universal; and, wherever we take should be extensively circulated by every eneoff the superficial or alluvial deposit, we find my of oppression and cruelty. We purpose the diluvial deposit, consisting of gravel, erratic extracting from it somewhat largely in our blocks, and many fossil bones of the main- next number. malia. The stones, having been rolled into the state of pebbles, evince the action of agitated waters. These, being universally and WE extract the following letter from the superficially strewn over the other beds, show Times of Wednesday, January 9th. Although it The comparison, the part more strictly their subsequent deposition: thus we prove may be necessary, in order fully to underadapted to the religious public, is well sus- they were left by the last diluvian catastrophe, stand the writer, to refer to some former cortained; and we shall endeavour, in as succinct and as we read of none later than the time of respondence, yet enough of his scope and dea frm as possible, to give the scope of the ar- Noah, these remains yield unduhitable evi-sign may be learned from this letter to afford gument. We are unacquainted with the in- dence of Noah's flood. But the serious point much pleasure to such as are interested in the mest material of the earth; though, by hyper-is, whether the other and lower deposits were great question of emancipation. bole, we talk of diving into its bowels, we formed at the same time, and, if they were haly puncture the skin: we only guess at not, whether Moses's date of the creation be its more solid formation from occasional pro- correct. We have already given a reason for trusion of the lower rocks. The skin, or crust, concluding that part of the lower deposits were formed long before the era of the Deluge, and part before the date of time; that is, before the era of man's existence on the earth, Strata requiring successive changes, could not be formed by one change. Strata requiring the mechanical action of many centuries, could not have been formed in the 3000 years which, at the highest computation, existed between the creation and the flood. What was the former condition of the globe is not for us to know, no antediluvian man has been found fossilized; and should some other lords of the creation, prior to our epoch, have ruled over the animals of mighty dimension, and have been shaded by the herbage of gigantic proportion which have been found in a fossil state, the fact of not discovering such former lords would not prove they never had an existence. This circumstance would be far from raising a presumption that the world in which the megalosaurus and the arboraceous ferns flourished, had no intelligent tenant or admirer. Scripture allows full room for supposing a long intermediate period between the first creation and the first note of time. Yea, seeing there isto be a new heaven and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness, we might be strengthened in the opinion that he who hath given distinct and increasingly luminous dispensations to man, has in like manner given eras of varied character to the globe. of this orb becomes the sole matter of investigation; diversified by the probability that the primitive rocks constitute the earth's foundations. This crust is formed of layers or strata, not regular, as the coats of an onion, but broken, upheaved, depressed, scattered on every hand; and most, if not all, the beds above the primitive rocks are the work of time and circumstance, and are, therefore, well termed mechanical rocks. The one are the immediate result of the almighty power, the other of secondary and progressive agency, and from their appearance receive the well-distinguished names of stratified and unstratified rocks: the latter formed by direct or chemical agency, the former by causes supposed to be the same or analogous to those now in operation. Stratified rocks are again divided into fossiliferous and non-fossiliferous, and each of these has several subdivisions. This general classification seems quite natural, and is sufficient for our purpose. The fossiliferous rocks, as their name imports, contain the remains of animal, vegetable, and marine productions, and for many years were esteemed as irrefragable proofs of the devastating influence of an universal flood. But, in process of time, some most confounding facts appeared, which suggested the probability, not of one, but of many wide catastrophes, and that ere the one destruction came, this earth had been affected by minor and partial convulsions. For sometimes after a bed of marine deposit there chances another of animal, and then a bed of marine again. It is very evident that the specific gravity of materials could not account for this, neither would the situation permit the insinuation of a stratum; all these deposits must have followed one after another, and in regular succession. Finally, they were found to be of a depth and extent inconsistent with the age of the world between the Mosaic date of the Creation and the Deluge. Here, said the Deist, nature has given us a new date for the birth of the world; philosophy must be right and the Bible wrong. The Christian replied: the inspiration of the Scriptures is demonstrable from moral evidence; the Bible is right and In order to show the coincidence of the sacred record with these suggestions, our author first lays the basis of his argument on the first nineteen verses of the first chapter of Genesis, in the critical remarks of Rosenmuller, and the comment of Josephus and the Rabbins; having also, in the first verses, the concurrence of W. Penn. Our limits will not allow of our giving any account of that interpretation by which he supports his theory. We can only say that it is highly satisfactory to us, and conclude by recommending this treatise to all who wish for sound views upon a subject which has been much embarrassed by the sophisms and tricks of infidelity. Sir, I have just read in your paper of this morning a letter signed" B.," on the subject of the conduct of the Jamaica Assembly towards marks thereon. I am not going to take up your Lord Mulgrave, together with your judicious respace and your readers' time by a long tirade against slavery; I merely wish to correct a gross misrepresentation-a slander against 1,300,000 people on the part of ، B.," when speaking of the feelings of the British North American colonists. The British North American colonies have, it may be admitted, certain grievances which occasionally generate loud outbreakings of complaint; but "B." must not think that because they complain, they are, therefore, likely to " broad and intelligible principle of resistance," unite in the when the matter to be resisted is the interference the evidence which has satisfied" B.'s" mind on on which B. enlarges. I should much like to hear the point; but unless that evidence (if any) be sufficient to convince all calm and reasoning men, I must beg him to withdraw the slander alluded to, and cease to include the British North American colonies in his threats-impotent, I should call them of rebellion. It may be, that public opinion has a tendency towards the independence of the British North American colonies; but there is certainly no reason to believe that the separation will be other than amicable; at all events, he must be ignorant indeed of the state of the colonies in question, to suppose they are so fond of resistance as to take up the cudgels for the slave-holders of Jamaica. Upper Canada, in fact, furnishes an argument which "B." little dreams of against the reiterated assertions of slave-holders, "that the negro will not work for hire unless compelled; and that, if emancipated, he would work only just so much as would produce sufficient for his daily wants." At and about the southern extremity of Upper Canada, tobacco is cultivated by runaway slaves from the United States, who work for hire-save moneytake land, and show themselves capable of being operated upon by all the motives which influence the conduct of free men of fairer skin when placed in the same position. I need not tell "B." that runaway slaves are those who are least likely to work; most likely to make evidence for the slave-holder's position. To conclude: If "B." and the slave-holders of Jamaica will take the advice of one who knows the Canadas well, they will cease to count upon the alliance of those colonies in any act of resistance they may contemplate. Jan. 5. I am, Sir, your obedient Servant, THE HIBISCUS TILIACEUS. MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA LINNEUS. and for this reason Sloane, the naturalist, TO THE EDITOR OF THE TOURIST. I am, Sir, yours, &c., THE hibiscus tiliaceus, or the maho, or mahagua, as it is called in the West India islands, is another cordage plant of great utility. The bark, a strong, fibrous envelope, is twisted into the ropes and halters ordinarily used in the economy of SIR, I beg to submit to you the fola sugar estate, and, when wound into fine lowing order, which has been sent out twine, is the material with which the from the Colonial Office to the Governor negro constructs his hammock, or swinging of the Bahamas, and will, doubtless, be couch. On account of its easy pliancy, read with pleasure, as indicating the feeland its disposition never to acquire stiff-ings of his Majesty's Ministers with reness, like the leather thong when old, or gard to that great subject which occupies the hempen rope when new, it is adopt- so much of your attention. ed, in preference to all other materials, in the construction of the cattle-whip, or, as it is generally called in England, the cart-whip that terrific instrument with which the slaves are punished. This whip is a thong about eight or ten feet long, plaited to somewhat more than the bulk of a postillion's. It is fixed to a handle of about three feet in length, and terminates in a lash of about eighteen inches, composed of fibres of a species of bromelia, a plant of the class of pine-apples, called penguin. The long, fine, silky thread of this plant is more capable than any other of being twisted into an extremely close cord, and, though quite supple, is as compact as wire; it is, therefore, better adapted to inflict pain, by lacerating the flesh in deep but narrow lines. When used, the whip thus formed is swung round and round the head for one or two succession of times, so as to be trailed out to its full length between each stroke, and is then applied with considerable report and great precision to the sufferer, male or female, old or young, stretched naked on the earth. This tree delights in the borders of morasses, as well as the banks of rivers; SIR, I am desired to signify to you the King's commands, that in any future. grants of lands made by the Crown, a condition be inserted for the forfeiture of the grant, on proof of the land having been, at any time subsequent to the date of the grant, cultivated by the labour of slaves. GODERICH. To Governor Sir J. C. Smith, Bahamas. DECLARATION OF THE INDEPENDENT, TERS IN THE COUNTY OF DORSET, SLAVERY. WE, the undersigned Christian Ministers in Colonial Slavery is essentially sinful, because at Christianity; that it is incapable of any such im. The persecutions in Jamaica, which are as inconsistent with the Gospel of Christ as they are opposed to the spirit of the British constitution, to the design of the Toleration Acts, and to the essential rights of our fellow-subjects in the West Indies, we regard as a decisive proof of the incorrigible nature of the system of Colonial Slavery, and as an additional reason for seeking its utter extermination. We, therefore, earnestly entreat the friends of Christianity, liberty, and peace, to employ their influence, in every constitutional way, to obtain the speedy removal of this sinful and injurious such measures as shall effectually secure the full system, and to insist on the prompt adoption of and uninterrupted enjoyment of that religious liberty in our colonies which the laws of the parent country afford to us. William Beal, Weymouth William Bean, Weymouth J. Brown, Broad Winsor John Anderson, Dorchester Alfred Bishop, Beaminster John W. Cloak, Sherborne Henry Crook, Chideock John Dore, Wimborne Thomas Durant, Poole Richard Harris, Wareham P. Hawke, Wimborne John Hoxley, Sherborne G. Hubbard, Corfe Castle James Oke, Dorchester Anti-Slavery Meeting at Exeter Hall. A GENERAL MEETING of the ANTI-SLAwill be held at EXETER HALL, Strand, on THURS DAY, the THIRTY-FIRST of JANUARY, 1933, with a VERY SOCIETY, and of the Friends of that Canse, view to petition Parliament for the Immediate and Entire Tickets of Admission may be had after the 20th of January, of Messrs. Hatchard, 187, Piccadilly; Messrs. Arch, 61, Cornhill; Mr. Seeley, Fleet Street: Mr. Nisbet, Berners Street; Mr. Bagster, Paternoster Row; and at the Office of the Anti-Slavery Society, IS, Aldermanbury. Published at the Office of the Tourist, 27, Ivy-lane, Paternoster Row; sold also by Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, and all other Booksellers. SLAVERY. In a few days will be published, in one 8vo. volume, closely printed, price 8s., The Report from the Select Com- C. H. Williams, W. Alers Hankey, Esq., J. D. P. Ogden, Also, Full Report of the Discussion in the Assembly Rooms, at Bath, on the 15th of December, between the Rev. W. Knibb, and Mr. Borthwick, in which the accusations of the latter gentleman against the Baptist Missionaries in Jamaica are fully refuted. Price 8d. Just Published, price 4s., 8vo., boards, A LETTER TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF RICHMOND, &c. &c. &c., Chairman of the Exposure of the Character of the Evidence on the Colonial side produced before the Committee. "Nec pes, nec caput uni Reddatur formæ."-HOR. London: S. Bagster, No. 15, Paternoster Row. ment upon any partial extracts which may appear in the The public are earnestly requested to suspend their judg daily papers, until they have an opportunity of fairly estimating the whole body of the Colonial Evidence which this Pamphlet will afford them. Printed by J. HADDON and Co.; and Published by J. CRISP, at No. 27, Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, where all Advertisements and Communications for the Editor are to be addressed. |