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THE term museum is derived from the skins of the hairy women whom he found I must except that formed by Aristotle, at Greek name of the Muses, one of whose on the Gorgades Islands, and deposited the command of Alexander; as also a attributes was to preside over the polite them, as a memorial, in the temple of collection of natural curiosities formed by and useful arts; it signifies, in the pre- Juno, where they continued till the de- the Emperor Augustus. The principal sent day, a building in which are depo- struction of the city. The monstrous cause of their being unable to form colsited specimens of every object, natural horns of the wild bulls, which had occa- lections, must have arisen partly from or artificial, that is in any degree curious, sioned so much devastation in Mace- their ignorance of the proper means of or which can tend to illustrate physical donia, were, by order of King Philip, preserving such bodies as soon spoil or science, and to improve art. A complete hung up in the temple of Hercules. The corrupt. They employed for that purmuseum should be an epitome of nature; crocodile, found in attempting to discover pose either salt, wax, or honey. it should contain collections of preserved the sources of the Nile, was preserved in beasts, birds, fishes, reptiles, and in fact the temple of Isis, at Cæsarea. A large a specimen of every creature that moves piece of the root of the cinnamon-tree on our globe; herbariums containing dried was kept in a golden vessel in one of the specimens of the vegetable kingdom, as temples at Rome, where it was examined also specimens of minerals; it should be by Pliny. The skin of that monster which "a representative assembly of all the the Roman army attacked and destroyed, classes and families of the world; it and which probably was a crocodile, was should also contain collections of ancient by Regulus sent to Rome, and hung up records, medals, and coins, which attest in one of the temples, where it remained and explain laws and customs; also till the time of the Numantine war. In paintings and statues, that, by imitating the temple of Juno, in the island of nature, seem to extend the limits of cre- Melita, there were a pair of elephant's ation;" as also every thing that can ex- teeth of extraordinary size. The head of hibit the manners and customs of men in the basilisk was exhibited in one of the distant ages and nations. In ancient temples of Diana; and the bones of that times, the word museum had no such ex-sea-monster, probably a whale, to which tended signification; it simply implied a building in which scientific men assembled to discuss matters of science and literature. Such appears to have been the museum of Alexandria, a splendid building, ornamented with porticos, galleries, and large and spacious apartments; but it does not appear to have contained any thing like the collections of our museums. It is rather to the temples of the ancients that we must look as the first repositories of rare and curious things, as any rare production, or natural object extraordinary for size or beauty, was consecrated to the gods. When Hanno returned from his distant voyages, he brought with him to Carthage two

There is no account of any collections during the middle ages, except in the treasuries of princes, where, besides articles of great value, curiosities of art, antiquities, and relics, there were occasionally found scarce and singular foreign animals, which were dried and preserved. Such objects were to be seen in the old treasury at Vienna; and in that of St. Denis were exhibited the claw of a griffin, sent by the King of Persia to Charlemagne, the teeth of the hippopotamus, and other things of the like kind. In later times, we find menageries were established to add to the magnificence of courts, and stuffed skins of rare animals were hung up as memorials of their having Andromeda was exposed, were preserved existed. Public libraries also were made at Joppa, and afterwards brought to receptacles for such natural curiosities as Rome. Many other instances of this were from time to time presented to them. custom are given by Beckmann, from At a later period, collections of this kind whom we have gathered the foregoing, began to be formed by private persons. and many of the following, particulars. The object of them was rather to gratify In the course of time these natural curi- the sight than to improve the understandosities became so numerous as to forming; and they contained more rarities of large collections; and though it is certain that all these articles were not properly kept there for the purpose to which our collections of natural history were applied, yet at the same time it must be allowed that they might be of important use to naturalists.

The ancients appear to have had no private collections, though perhaps we

art, valuable pieces of workmanship, and antiquities, than productions of nature. Private collections, however, appear for the first time in the sixteenth century; and there is no doubt that they were formed by every learned man who at that period applied to the study of natural history. About the same period, collections began to be formed in England;

but not till the seventeenth century did the public derive any benefit from them, when Elias Ashmole left his valuable col

lection of rarities, which he had in part inherited from the Tradescants, to the University of Oxford, upon the condition that they erected a building to receive it, which they consented to, and commenced it in the year 1679, and it was completed in 1683. It is known as the Ashmolean Museum. From that time to the present it has been continually receiving additions. The collection of Martin Lister was added to it, as also the manuscripts of Aubrey, Dugdale, and Wood, the collections of natural history of Dr. Plott, Edward Lloyd, and Borlare, the historian of Cromwell. From a list of the curiosities contained in this museum we select the following:

The skull of Oliver Cromwell, or a fragment of mortality supposed to be such; a jewel of gold, once belonging to King Alfred, found in 1639 in Newton Park, a short distance northward of the Isle of Athelney, in Somersetshire, where King Alfred found shelter when the Danes had overrun the country. The jewel is enamelled like an amulet, and in Saxon characters is circumscribed, "Alfred ordered me to be made." A figure sitting, crowned, appears on one side, probably Alfred himself, holding two lilies; on the other is a rudely-engraved flower. This relic was given to the University by Thomas Palmer, Esq., of Fairfield, Somersetshire, in 1718. A head of the bird called a Dodo, the species of which is extinct. Dr. Shaw, the celebrated naturalist, discovered it in the museum, before which he considered the accounts of this extraordinary bird to be fabulous. Besides a good collection of objects of natural history, there are also many Egyptian antiquities and a few good pictures. This is perhaps the earliest museum formed in England, and probably coeval with most of those on the continent; but they have left us far behind in the establishment of institutions for the advancement and fostering of the arts and sciences. Private individuals have generally undertaken what could, perhaps, be only fully accomplished by the state. Our principal collections of natural history have been chiefly formed by the exertions and at the expense of private individuals; and, until within a very short period, our national collection was little better than a national disgrace. No country in the world has such opportunities of rendering her collections in natural history the most perfect of any. The power of England extends to the two hemispheres; her colonies are to be found in every part of the habitable globe; yet, with the greatest means, her museums are found to be the most defective, to such a degree that our writers on natural history are necessitated to go to Paris for that information which

they ought to be enabled to find at
home.

A taste for natural history has become
more prevalent among all classes of soci-
ety, as may be collected from the support
given to the Zoological Society and other
institutions of a similar nature. Our
national museum has already felt the im-
pulse given by the advancing knowledge
of the people. Let us hope that, in a few
years, it may rival those of the continent;
and then we shall doubtless adorn our
scientific annals with names as great as
Buffon, Daubenton, Cuvier, and La-
marck.

severe realities of observation to attach any value to such wild theories. He advised his young friend, "first to lay a solid foundation for his views by actual observation, and then, causes of things;" and there is reason to think by ascending from these, to strive to reach the that, by the aid of the whole Baconian philosophy, thus compressed by anticipation into a single sentence, he abandoned for a while his visionary inquiries.

In the year 1598, Kepler suffered persecution for his religious principles, and was compelled to quit Gratz; but, though he was recalled by the States of Styria, he felt his situation insecure, and accepted of a pressing invitation from Tycho to settle at Prague, and assist him in his calculations. Having arrived in Bohemia in 1600, he was introduced by his

The British Museum, which will soon be one of the most splendid institutions of friends to the Emperor Rodolph, from whom our metropolis, contains under its roof tion. On the death of Tycho in 1601, he was he ever afterwards received the kindest attenour national library, which is peculiarly appointed mathematician to the emperor, a rich in MSS.; a collection of Greek and situation in which he was continued during Roman sculptures; Egyptian antiquities the successive reigns of Matthias and Ferdiand sculptures; Terra Cottas and Roman nand; but, what was of more importance to antiquities; a splendid collection of coins science, he was put in possession of the valuaand medals; a very fine collection of ble collection of Tycho's observations. These observations were remarkably numerous; and, prints and drawings; as also the collecas the orbit of Mars was more oval than that tions of natural history, which are at pre-of any of the other planets, they were peculiarly sent very incomplete. This museum has suitable for determining its real form. The now for a long time been accessible to the notions of harmony and symmetry in the conpublic on three days of every week; and struction of the solar system, which had filled we are much gratified to learn that great the mind of Kepler, necessarily led him to benumbers have of late availed themselves lieve that the planets revolved with a uniform motion in circular orbits. So firm, indeed, of this privilege. was this conviction, that he made numerous attempts to represent the observations of Tycho by this hypothesis. The deviations were too great to be ascribed to errors of observation; and, in trying various other curves, he was led to the discovery, that Mars revolved round the sun in an elliptical orbit, in one of the foci of which the sun itself was placed. The same observations enabled him to determine the dimensions of the planet's orbit; and, by comparing together the times in which Mars passed over different portions of its orbit, he found that they were to one another as the areas described by the lines drawn from the centre of the planet to the centre of the sun, or, in more technical terms, that the radius vector describes equal areas in equal times. These two remarkable discoveries, the first that were ever made in physical astronomy, were extended to all the other planets of the system, and were communicated to the world in 1609, in his "Commentaries on the Motions of the Planet Mars, Brahe." as deduced from the Observations of Tycho

ANCIENT ASTRONOMERS.

NO. III.

JOHN KEPLER.

berg, in 1571.
JOHN KEPLER was born at Wiel, in Wirtem-
He was educated for the
church, and discharged even some of the
clerical functions; but his devotion to science
withdrew him from the study of theology.
Having received mathematical instruction from
the celebrated Mæstlinus, he had made such
progress in the science that he was invited, in
1594, to fill the mathematical chair of Gratz,
in Styria. Endowed with a fertile imagination,
his mind was ever intent upon subtle and in-
genious speculations. In the year 1596, he
published his peculiar views in a work on the
Harmonies and Analogies of Nature. In this
he calls the great cosmographical mystery of
singular production, he attempts to solve what
the admirable proportion of the planetary
orbits; and, by means of the six regular geo-
metrical solids, he endeavours to assign a
reason why there are six planets, and why the
dimensions of their orbits, and the time of
their periodical revolutions, were such as Co-
pernicus had found them. If a cube, for ex-
Saturn's orbit was one of the great circles, it
ample, were inserted in a sphere, of which
would, he supposed, touch by its six planes the
lesser sphere of Jupiter; and, in like manner,
he proposes to determine, by the aid of the
other geometrical solids, the magnitude of the
work was presented by its author to Tycho
spheres of the other planets. A copy of this
Brahe, who had been too long versed in the

*

octohedron, the dodecahedron, and the icosa-
*The cube, the sphere, the tetrahedron, the
hedron.

Although our author was conducted to these great laws by the patient examination of wellestablished facts, his imagination was ever hurrying him among the wilds of conjecture. Convinced that the mean distances of the planets from the sun bore to one another some mysterious relation, he not only compared also with the intervals of musical tones: an them with the regular geometrical solids, but idea which the ancient Pythagoreans had suggested, and which had been adopted by Archimedes himself. All these comparisons were fruitless; and Kepler was about to abandon when, on the 8th March, 1618, he conceived an enquiry of about seventeen years' duration, the idea of comparing the powers of the different members which express the planetary distances, in place of the numbers themselves. distances with the same powers of the periodic He compared the squares and the cubes of the times; nay, he tried even the squares of the

times with the cubes of the distances; but his hurry and impatience led him into an error of calculation, and he rejected this law as having no existence in nature! On the 15th May, his mind again reverted to the same notion, and, upon making the calculations anew, and free from error, he discovered the great law, that the squares of the periodic times of any two planets are to one another as the cubes of their distances from the sun. Enchanted with this unexpected result, he could scarcely trust his calculations; and, to use his own language, he at first believed that he was dreaming, and had taken for granted the very truth of which he was in search. This brilliant discovery was published in 1619, in his "Harmony of the World," a work dedicated to James VI. of Scotland. Thus were established what have been called the three laws of Kepler-the motion of the planets in elliptical orbits-the proportionality between the areas described and their times of description-and the relations between the squares of the periodic times and the cubes of the distances.

The relation of the movements of the planets to the sun, as the general centre of all their orbits, could not fail to suggest to Kepler that some power resided in that luminary by which these various motions were produced; and he went so far as to conjecture, that this power diminishes as the square of the distance of the body on which it was exerted; but he immediately rejects this law, and prefers that of the simple distances. In his work on Mars, he speaks of gravity as a mutual and corporeal affection between similar bodies. He maintained that the tides were occasioned by the moon's attraction, and that the irregularities of the lunar motions, as detected by Tycho, were owing to the joint actions of the sun and the earth; but the relation between gravity, as exhibited on the earth's service, and as con

ducting the planets in their orbits, required more patience of thought than he could command, and was accordingly left for the exercise of higher powers.

The misery in which Kepler lived forms a painful contrast with the services which he performed to science. The pension on which he subsisted was always in arrears; and, though the three emperors, whose reigns he adorned, directed their ministers to be more punctual in its payment, the disobedience of their commands was a source of continued vexation to Kepler. When he retired to Sagan, in Silesia, to spend in retirement the remainder of his days, his pecuniary difficulties became still more harassing. Necessity at last compelled him to apply personally for the arrears which were due; and he accordingly set out, in 1630, for Ratisbon; but, in consequence of the great fatigue which so long a journey on horseback produced, he was seized with a fever, which carried him off on the 30th November, 1630, in the fifty-ninth year of his age.-Brewster's Life of Sir Isaac Newton.

MELANCHOLY.

Go-you may call it madness, folly;
You shall not chase my gloom away.
There's such a charm in melancholy,
I would not, if I could be gay.

Oh! if you knew the pensive pleasure
That fills my bosom when I sigh,
You would not rob me of a treasure
Monarchs are too poor to buy!

S. ROGERS.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TOURIST.
DEAR SIR,

You will oblige myself, and a numerous
circle of friends, as well as promote one prin-
cipal object of your publication, by inserting
the following account of the trial of James
Gilchrist, Esq., for refusing to furnish the
slaves under his charge with the legal allow-
ance of food and clothing. The record of this
trial is instructive. It discloses a fact which
colonial writers boldly deny, and proves the
utter hopelessness of effectual protection to the
slaves from the island authorities. The account
is extracted from The Antigua Weekly Register
of October 9, 1832.
Yours truly,

December 28, 1832.

THOMAS PRICE.

"James Gilchrist, Esq. was indicted, for refu-
sing and neglecting to supply the slaves of Rich-
mond Estate, belonging to Will. Maxwell, Esq.,
of which he is Attorney, with a sufficient quantity
of clothing and animal food, (salt fish, &c.), as
ration Act.
provided by the 1st and 7th clauses of the Melio-

"Besides, Mr. Scotland, the Magistrate, to
whom the complaint of the slaves of Richmond
was referred by the Governor, and whose testimony
was very short, and merely introductory, the only
evidence, bearing upon the merits of the case was
given by Mr. C. Sutherland, manager of the estate
for four years up to the 14th of last May, and Mr.
W. E. Ledeatt, who succeeded him on the 22nd of

the same month.

The testimonies of these gentlemen, supported by the plantation journals, furnished proofs, which could not be refuted or resisted, that the complaints of the slaves were too well founded. Indeed, Mr. Gilchrist's counsel very properly admitted the deficiency of provisions and clothing to the full extent charged.

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press some disapprobation of the Attorney General's mode of proceeding.

"Sir,' replied Mr. Lee, I am His Majesty's Attorney General, and will conduct the cause in such manner as pleases myself. I will suffer no be interrupted. man to interfere in my duties, and beg I may not

"The Hon. President afterwards, referring to the question which had been put by the Attorney General, asked, whether there was any proof that the crops had been appropriated to the payment of provisions previously bought, and to the purchase of further supplies as they were wanted. Answer, They have been used for the purposes of carrying

on the estate.

prise, that the Town Agent had not been brought "The Hon. President then expressed his surforward to prove the application of the produce.

"The Jury retired about 5 o'clock in the evening, and on the re-assembling of the Court at 12 o'clock to-day (Thursday), returned their verdict, Guilty.

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ment.

Upon the verdict being read by the Clerk of the Crown, "The Solicitor General moved an arrest of judg. He went over the same ground which he had previously traversed before the Jury, namely the impossibility of Mr. Gilchrist's complying with the requisitions of the law, from the smallness of the estate was burdened; and repeated all his the crops, and the heavy incumbrances, with which former arguments.

"The Attorney General protested against the motion, and informed the Court, that Judgment face of the indictment; and the Jury having procould only be arrested for error apparent on the discretion, but must pass judgment. nounced a verdict of Guilty, the Court had no

"Mr. Otto Baijer, and others remarked, that the Attorney and Solicitor General were opposed as there was no legal gentleman on the bench, and to each other, the Court was involved in great. difficulty.

"The opinions of the Members were then taken Seriatim.

"Mr. Scotland, the only professional gentleman It appeared that from the 29th of April, 1831, present, besides His Majesty's Officials, rose, and when the defendant succeeded to the Acting At-offered to submit his opinion to the Court, if it met torneyship, on the decease of his elder brother, with their approbation. None of the Justices, Mr. William Gilchrist, no clothing of any kind however, expressed any wish to that effect. had been distributed to the negroes, up to the middle of last month, September.-Mr. Sutherland said, that about three weeks previous to the death of the above gentleman, osnaburgs were given out to the people, in the proportion of six yards to the great gang, and five to the weeding gang: but that was the arrear, due on the preceding Christmas.

"With respect to salt provisions, they had been withheld for forty weeks, out of seventy-three, that is, in the period between the 29th of April 1831, and the middle of September last. The admitted number of negroes is 310.

For the motion of the Solicitor General,
Hon. S. O. Baijer, Hon. T. F. NIBBS,

J. BLACK, Esq.
Against the motion,

Hon. R. W. NANTON,

B. E. JARVIS.

M. H. DANIELL, President." nullifying the solemn verdict of a Jury, has excited "This extraordinary Judgment of the Court, very general astonishment, and no small ferment among the inhabitants.”

General, was, in the first place, to deny Mr. James dinary proceeding are entitled to grave con-
"The defence resorted to by the Hon. Solicitor The remarks of the Editor on this extraor-
Gilchrist's directorship of the property. That, how-
sideration. We shall extract a portion of
the impossibility of procuring the necessary arti-
ever, was completely established. He then pleaded
them.
cles, sometimes by a failure of them in the market.
It was proved, however, that when they could be
purchased, no former deficiencies, or arrears, were
ever paid up. But he relied principally upon the
want of means, and bad credit of the property,
which rendered it absolutely impossible for his
client to obtain the supplies required by the Act.
In proof of Mr. Gilchrist's disposition to provide
clothing, he was about to read a letter from that
gentleman to another in England concerned in the
estate, when the Hon. Attorney General rose and
objected, until he should be explicitly informed
whether any produce had been shipped, instead of
being appropriated to the support and supplies of
the negroes? This interrogation created some
confusion and hesitation; but at last it was replied,
that the sugar had been applied to the payment of
incumbrances.

"A conversation of some length then took place, in which several of the court engaged, particularly Messrs. Otto Baijer, and Ledeatt, at the close of which, the latter gentleman was understood to ex

"The case of the KING V. JAMES GILCHRIST, which will be found in our first page, is undoubtedly one of the most extraordinary acts of maltreatment of Slaves-of deliberate infraction of the law-and of fool-hardy perseverance in wrong doing that has ever occurred within our recollection in this island. Here is a case, then, which must bring the judicial authorities, and of course the Planters, (both good and bad, for unfortunately they cannot be separated,) before the tribunal of public opinion in England; and it would be difficult to guess where the subject will end, or to what extent the cause of emancipation will be promoted by a question which carries its own proofs upon the very face of it.

"The defendant in this case is an elderly gentleman of the old school of colonial policy, and it is perhaps less fortunate for the reputation of the colony than from any other consideration, that he has been always moving in the highest circles, that he is a Magistrate, and what is more, that he has, for many years, been one of our Grand Jurors.

"Of the Judges who acquitted the defendant three were planters, his acquaintance, and interested in rescuing him; and the fourth was their crony. On the motion being made for an arrest of judgment, it was emphatically demanded of the Attorney General by the Honourable Samuel Otto Baijer, whether the law gave the Court the power to entertain the motion? The answer was, "No," and the learned gentleman then added, that the only alternative for the defendant to adopt would be, after the pronouncing of judgment, to appeal to the seat of mercy for a remission of the penalty.

"Of the Petit Jurors, who tried the case, eleven were white persons, and some of them planters, who might be supposed to have an extra feeling for the defendant, and yet they convicted him after a patient and mature consideration of the facts and the law.

"Here is a capital handle for Mr. Buxton and the abolitionists. What stronger proofs do they require for urging the extinction of slavery than the facts now produced,-namely, a planter omitting, for a considerable time, to give his slaves the allowance prescribed by the local laws, and the very expounders of those laws-the Judges of the Courts in the colony-agreeing to divest the slaves of their just rights, by setting aside the verdict of a Jury, nullifying a statute law, for the protection of the rights of those slaves, and suffering a public delinquent to escape with impunity. Will it now be contended that the slaves ought not to have a protector employed by his Majesty's Government, and uninfluenced by colonial prejudice? or will it be said that the appointment of English Judges is not vitally necessary to protect the strong against the weak, and to mete out a fair measure of justice to every man? And while we are upon the subject of the administration of justice, let us look back to the case of John Grant, the Attorney and Manager of Russell's estate. On the 14th of March last, that gentleman appeared before Justices Black, Barnard, and Briggs, upon a charge of depriving the slaves of their allowance for ONE week, and the complaint being fully proved, he was compelled to pay the penalty of 10s. per head for every omission, amounting to £77 10s. agreeably to the very act under which Mr. Gilchrist was tried and convicted. In the recent trial the charge was also fully proved, and the defendant sinned not for one week, but for many months, and yet he escaped. It will be observed that Justice Black, who convicted John Grant, is the same Justice Black, who released James Gilchrist. Is it not then a scandal upon the country that justice should be administered in such a manner? And who, after this, may not stint their slaves of their allowance with impunity? Is the precedent not established by judges of the land, that they shall go free? Truly, this is an alarming state of things, and the sooner we have the alteration in our judicial system the better, for many very weighty reasons.

Much has been said and written about the 'sleek, fat, well-fed slaves' of these colonies, as a set-off to what has been frequently reported to the contrary on the opposite side of the questionBut what will Master M'Queen and his tribe say to this case? Will he carry it to England, and lay it before the Committee of the House of Commons, in his examination as the Delegate of the Island of St. Kitt's?-an appointment recently agitated in their House of Assembly. Or will he make it the subject of an epistle to his dear friend the Duke of Wellington? Ah, Jamie, Jamie! the Anti-Colonists have caught you for once, at least, without your breeches, and though you run no risk of a castigation such as Mannix gave to Charles, yet you may expect an unmerciful and deserved birching from the Aldermanbury folks. "One thing has been voluntarily admitted by the Counsel for the defendant, which is, that the plantation of Mr. Maxwell is without credit, and has not the ability to maintain its population. This being the case, it will afford another admirable handle to the Anti-Slavery party to push the subject of emancipation, on the ground that, where

an owner cannot feed the slave neither ought he to demand his services.

"We must do the Attorney General the justice to say, that he used the best exertions in support of the prosecution, notwithstanding his being an old acquaintance of the defendant; and when, after the motion for the arrest of judgment was granted, the learned gentleman took up his hat, and was retiring with evident dissatisfaction, he was stopped by the court to know whether they should | discharge the prisoner, he replied hastily that they had already pronounced an acquittal, and that he (the learned gentleman) had nothing more to do with the matter. The whole concern ended in a mockery of the King's justice and authority, and it would have been quite as well if the piece had been acted in our theatre, by Mr. Southwell's excellent company of performers."

APHORISMS.

God never wrought miracles to convince atheism, because his ordinary works convince it.— LORD BACON.

The misfortunes which arise from the concurrence of unhappy incidents should never be suffered to disturb us before they happen; because, if the breast be once laid open to the dread of the mere possibilities of misery, life must be given a prey to dismal solicitude, and quiet must be lost for ever.-DR. JOHNSON.

If the existence of war always implies injustice, in one at least of the parties concerned, it is also the fruitful parent of crimes. It reverses, with respect to its objects, all the rules of morality. It is nothing less than a temporary repeal of the principles of virtue. It is a system out of which almost all the virtues are excluded, and in which nearly all the vices are incorporated.-ROBERT

HALL.

Published at the Office of the Tourist, 27, Ivy-lane, Pater noster Row; sold also by Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, and all other Booksellers.

SLAVERY.

In a few days will be published, in one 8vo. volume, closely printed, price 8s., The Report from the Select Co mittee of the House of Commons, on the Extinction of Slavery throughout the British Dominions; with a Copious Index. Witnesses examined: W. Taylor, Esq., Rev. John Burry, Rev. Peter Duncan, Rev. Thomas Cooper, Rev. John Thorp, Rev. W. Knibb, Hon. C. Fleming, Captain Esq., R. Scott, Esq., J. Simpson, Esq., W. Shand, Esq. C. H. Williams, W. Alers Hankey, Esq., J. D. P. Ogden, Rev. J. Shipman, Rev. R. Young, Rev. J. T. Barrett, W Burge, Esq., M.P., J. B. Wildman, Esq., and others.

Also, Full Report of the Discussion in the Assembly Rooms, at Bath, on the 15th of December, between the sations of the letter gentleman against the Baptist MissionRev. W. Knibb, and Mr. Borthwick, in which the acen

aries in Jamaica are fulfy refuted. Price od.

CHRISTMAS GIFT.

Near a clear stream, that flow'd within a wood,
With ivy deck'd, an ample cottage stood,
From storms protected by the clustering trees,
That with their leafy shelter check'd the breeze
And faun'd the curling smoke: here was a spot,
Where nature's bounties had adorn'd the cot.,
Virtue estranged from grief and strife
The happier shares of the sweets of life!
The true-going clock had chimed the hour of ten
On Christmas eve; Ellen rose then,

To welcome home the friends she lov'd most dear-
Brothers and sisters, who always prov'd sincere ;
Return'd from school, they all embrac'd each other,
Affection's clasp held sister, father, mother;
Who, for this happiness quite elate,
Bless'd the Great Being-God of state!
Each their little gift prepared, to prove
Who most deserv'd an elder sister's love.
Fair Ellen smil'd; she view'd the little store,
Whose greatest treasure was-Rowland's Kalydor!
Which, to preserve the skin from harm,
In England is the only balm.

One trial given-Beauty shall succeed,
And ROWLAND prove himself a friend in need!
M. M.

FOR FENDERS, FIRE-IRONS, KNIVES, &e-
AMILIES FURNISHING may an
ready money, at

Happiness and comfort stream immediately Finse SAVING, by making their purefieret, aus

from God himself, as light issues from the sun, and sometimes looks and darts itself into the meanest corners, while it forbears to visit the largest and the noblest rooms.-DR. SOUTH.

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. Communications have been received from Mr. Philipps, A Subscriber, and R. S.

We give James Rees much credit for his verses, but we think them hardly suited to our publication. On what authority does the anecdote of our "Constant Reader" rest?

a

In answer to the communication of E. the Editor begs to say, that though he felt it due to N. to insert his animadversion, and to himself to offer few remarks in reply to it; yet being resolved, as far as possible, to close the columns of the Tourist against such controversy, he confined himself strictly to the remarks of his Correspondent, without entering upon the general question. He hopes this will be deemed sufficient to justify him in declining to insert E.'s letter, which is quite of a general character, and would necessarily elicit another reply.

RIPPON'S OLD ESTABLISHED CHEAP FURNISHING IRONMONGERY WAREHOUSE, 63, Castle-street East, Oxford Market, (At the corner of Castle-street and Wells-street,) where every article sold is warranted good, and exciranged if not approved of.

Tea Urn, 30s.; Plated Candlesticks, with Silver Mountings, 12s. per pair; Ivory-handled oval-rimmed Table Knives and Forks, 40s. the set of 50 pieces; Fashionable Iron Fenders-Black, 188. Bronzed, 21s.; Brass Fenders, 10s.; Green Fenders, with brass tops, 2s.; Fire Irons, 2. per set; Polished Steel Fire Irons, 4s. 6d. per set; Brass Fire Furniture, 5s. 6d. per set; Block-tin Dish Covers, Ss. 6d. per set; Copper Tea Kettles, to hold one gallon, 78.; Bottle Jacks, 8s. 6d.; Copper Warming Pans, 6.; Brass Candlesticks, Is. 4d. per pair; Britannia-metal Tea Pots, Is. 4d. each; Japanned Tea Trays, 1s.; Waiters, 28., Bread Trays, 3d.; Japanned Chamber Candlesticks, with Snuffers and Extinguisher, 63.; Snuffers and Tray, 6d.; Black-handled Steel Table Knives and Forks, 2s. Pu vented Utensil for cooking Potatoes, superior to those the half-dozen; Copper Coal-scoops, 10s.; a newly inboiled, steamed, or roasted, price 5s., 6s., and 7s.; Copper Iron, and Tin Saucepans and Stewpans, together with every article in the above line, cheaper than any other House in London. For Ready Money only.

We received the verses alluded to by A. S. B., but M

we think they are not quite suited to the Tourist.

competition, have plunged into the mean expedient of puff

CAUTION TO THE PUCLIC. ORISON'S UNIVERSAL MEDICINES having superseded the use of almost all the Patent Medicines, which the wholesale venders have foisted spon the credulity of the searchers after health, for so many years, the town druggists and chemists, not able to establish. PATENTBRETT, of 109, Drury Lane, Wine and BRANDY.-Declaration.-I, a fair fame on the invention of any plausible means of Spirit Merchant, do solemnly affirm and declare, that I doing up a "Dr. Morrison" (observe the subterfuge of the not, and will not, in any case, practise deleterious adulte- double r), a being who never existed, as prescribing a ration; that I invariably vend the genuine PATENT "Vegetable Universal Pill, No. 1 and 2," for the express FRENCH DISTILLED BRANDY, so highly recom- purpose (by means of this forged imposition upon the pab mended by the faculty, and pronounced the "only known lic), of deteriorating the estimation of the "UNIVERSAL distillery; that my consumption of that article, in the or pure spirit in the world," precisely as I receive it from the MEDICINES" of the "BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH." dinary course of trade, during the last four months, considerably exceeded 3,000 gallons; that counterfeits abound in every direction; but that in fact no other establishment in Drury-lane has ever been supplied by the patentee. Price, as at the distillery, 18s. per imperial gallon, retailed at 2s. 3d. per pint, and in sealed bottles, 3s. 6d. each. Sample hampers of half a dozen of wine, 17s.; of half a Cash on delivery of goods in London or the suburbs. dozen of spirits, 17s. 6d., package included. Conditions: Ex changed if disapproved of; forfeited if inferior to sample. Country postage payable by purchasers.

HENRY BRETT, 109, Drury-lane. N.B. 109. Nov. 30, 1832.

KNOW ALL MEN, then, that this attempted delusion must fall under the fact, that (however specious the pretence), none can be held genuine by the College but those which have "Morison's Universal Medicines" impressed upon the Government Stamp attached to each box and packet, to counterfeit which is felony by the laws of the

land.

Printed by J. HADDON and Co.; and Published by J. CRISP, at No. 27, Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, where all Advertisements and Communications for the Editor are to be addressed.

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A FABLE FOR JUVENILE READERS.

BY THOMAS PRINGLE, ESQ.

[THE honey-bird, or bee-cuckoo (Cuculus Indicator), a bird somewhat larger than the common sparrow, is well known in Africa for its extraordinary faculty of discovering the hives or nests of the wild bees, which in that country are constructed either in hollow trees, in crevices of the rocks, or in holes in the ground. This bird is extremely fond of honey, and of the bee's eggs, or larvæ; but as it cannot, without assistance, obtain access to the bee-hives, nature has supplied it with the singular instinct of calling to its aid certain other

animals, and especially man himself, to enable it to attain its object. This is a fact long ago established on the authority of Sparrman, Vaillant, and other scientific travellers in Southern Africa; and, in Father Lobo's Travels in Abyssinia, a similar account is given of the Moroc, a bird found in that country, of precisely the same habits, and apparently of the same family with the Cuculus Indicator of the Cape of Good Hope.

With the habits of this curious bird I was myself acquainted during my residence in the interior of the Cape colony, and have often partaken of wild honey procured by its aid. It usually sits on a tree by the way side, and, when

any passenger approaches, greets him with its peculiar cry of Cherr-a-cherr! cherr-a-cherr! If he shows any disposition to attend to its call, it flies on before him, in short flights, from tree to tree, till it leads him to the spot where it knows a beehive to be concealed. It then sits still and silent till he has extracted the honeycomb, of which it expects a portion as its share of the spoil; and this share the natives who profit by its guidance never fail to leave it.

Sparrman states that the ratel, or honey-badger (gulo mellivorus), avails itself of the help of this bird to discover the retreat of those bees that build their nests in the ground, and shares with it the

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