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JAMAICA ADVERTISEMENTS.

(From the Royal Jamaica Gazette.)

Kingston, Workhouse, April 27, 1832. Elizabeth, alias Frances, a Creole negro woman, 4 feet 10 inches, marked S. M. D. on right shoulder, and has an impediment in her speech, to Miss Mary L. Watt, at Falmouth; committed on the 24th January, 1832.

Manchester Workhouse, June 13, 1832.

Robert Wilson, alias Peter, a Creole, 5 feet 6 inches, marked M., heart on top, on left shoulder; has marks of flogging on right shoulder, two small cuts on his forehead, and the mark of a sore on right leg.

St. Mary's Workhouse, May 30, 1832. Notice is hereby given, That unless the undermentioned slave be taken out of this workhouse prior to Wednesday, the 25th day of July next, he will, on that day, between the hours of 10 and 12 o'clock in the forenoon, be put up to public sale, and sold to the highest and best bidder, at the Court House, in Manning's Town, agreeably to the Workhouse Law now in force, for payment of his fees.

James Edwards, a Creole of St. Dorothy's, 5 feet 2 inches, says he is free. This man has already had three Special Sessions, and can bring forward no documents or proof's whatever as to his freedom; committed by J. H. Livingston, Esq.

Spanish Town Workhouse, June 23, 1832. Sandy, a Creole, 5 feet inch, flogging marks on shoulders, right ear bored, says he is a sailor, belonging to the schooner Enterprise, Captain

Hearn.

Port Royal Workhouse, June 29, 1832. James Rowley, alias James Bailey, a Sambo Creole, 5 feet 6 inches; no mark; says he formerly belonged to Dr. Charles Gray Reed (deceased), of Camperdown, St. Ann's, who left him free (but has no documents of freedom), and that Mr. Augus, of St. Ann's, is Dr. Reed's executor.

St. George's Workhouse, July 4, 1832.

Joe, a Moeo, 5 feet 11 inch, marked apparently I. H. on shoulders; a piece of his left ear is cut off, and two of his lower front teeth are lost, to Miss Barnes, a black woman, Port Maria.

Agnes, a Creole, 4 feet 7 inches, marked P. D.

on right shoulder, cupping marks on temples, says she belongs to Stephen Hannaford, Esq., St. Dorothy's.

The Jamaica Courant.

CHURCH OF ST. MARY REDCLIFF, BRISTOL.
tower at the west end of it is 148 feet in
height, and forms a fine object from the
adjacent country. The church was re-
paired in 1757, and then embellished with
three beautiful paintings, from Scripture
history, by the celebrated Hogarth.

THIS beautiful building appears to have been erected at different times, and by the pious zeal of different individuals. The old Chronicles of Bristol, under the year 1294, mention a church built by Sir Simon de Bruton on this site, and grants of land to it are dated as early as 1207. The greater part of the present edifice appears to have been erected by William Canynge, a wealthy citizen of Bristol, in 1389. In 1445, during a very violent storm, the steeple was struck down by lightning, and the whole edifice so much injured by its fall as to be nearly in a ruinous state. The grandson, however, of the founder repaired it at great expense, and has in consequence received the honours of a second founder, in the archives of Bristol. This church has received the admiration of all judges of architecture: though large and spacious, it has a light and airy appearance, and is sufficiently ornamented, though not crowded with small and unbecoming decorations. It is 239 feet in length, and 117 in breadth. The

OR the CURE of COUGHS, COLDS, WALTER'S ANISEED PILLS.-The numerous and respectable testimonials daily received of the extraordinary efficacy of the above Pills, in curing the most disrespiratory organs, induces the Proprietor to recommend them to the notice of those afflicted with the above com

September 4, 1832. "Ran away from the Subscriber, six weeks back, a negro man, by the name of Richard, alias Charles Williams. He is stout made, rather short, large whiskers, a painter by trade, formerly the property of Miss Rose Powell. It is strongly suspected that he is harboured by his wife, the pro-tressing and long-established diseases of the pulmonary and perty of Mrs. Austin, in Upper Hannah's Town. One pound six shillings and eight pence will be paid for his apprehension, and a further sum of two pounds thirteen shillings and four pence, by proving to conviction by whom harboured.

"MOSES BRANDON." September 6, 1832. "Ran away from the Subscriber, on Saturday last, a negro woman by the name of Eve, alias Elizabeth Mitchell, with her infant child. She is 5 feet 8 inches in height, full eyes, was once the property of Alexander Bravo, and afterwards Miss Ann Gibbons. It is strongly suspected that she is harboured by a black man by the name of Davies, who is her father-in-law, or by her husband, John Bryan, a slave to Mr. Scott, Long Bay. Two pounds thirteen shillings and fourpence will be paid for her apprehension; and a further sum of ten pounds by proving to conviction by whom harboured.

"E. L. WOOLFRYS."

plaints, conceiving that a Medicine which has now stood raily known. They are composed entirely of balsamic the test of experience for several years cannot be too gene

and vegetable ingredients, and are so speedy in their beneficial effects, that in ordinary cases a few doses have been found sufficient, and, unlike most Cough Medicines, they neither affect the head, confine the bowels, nor produce any of the unpleasant sensations so frequently complained of. The following cases are submitted to the Public from many in the Proprietor's possession :-K. Boke, of Globelane, Mile-end, was perfectly cured of a violent cough, attended with hoarseness, which rendered his speech inandible, by taking three or four doses. E. Booley, of Queen street, Spitalfields, after taking a few doses, was entirely cured of a anost inveterate cough, which he had had for many months, and tried almost every thing without success. Prepared by W. Walter, and sold by I. A. Sharwood, No. 55, Bishopsgate Without, in boxes, at 1s. 1d., and three in one for 25.9d., and by appointment, by Hannay and Co., No. 63, Oxford-street; Green, No. 42, Whitechapel-road; Prout, No. 220, Strand; Sharp, Cross-street, Islington; Pink, No. 65, High-street, Borough; Allison, No. 130, Brick-lane, Bethnal-green; Farrar, Upton-place, Commercial-road; Hendebourck, 326, Holborn; and by all the wholesale and retail Medicine Venders in the United Kingdom.-N.B. In consequence of the increased demand

It has become, of late years, an object of some further curiosity, from its being the place from whence Chatterton pretended to have drawn the poems which bear his name. He alleged that they constituted a portion of those ancient manuscripts which his father surreptitiously obtained from one of a number of chests, which were preserved in a small room over the north porch of the church. The chest in question was supposed to have belonged to Mr. Canynge, of whom we have spoken, and was called Mr. Canynge's cofre. His story, however, was such a complete tissue of prevarication and inconsistencies, that no one, we believe, has yet been able to ascertain what part of it was true, and what was false.

for this excellent Medicine, the Public are cautioned I. A. Sharwood on the Government Stamp, and W. Walter on the outside wrapper.-Be sure to ask for "Walter's Aniseed Pills.'

LONDON:-Published by J. CRISP, at No. 27,
Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.
Where all Communications for the Editor are to be
addressed.
Town Agents.

B. Steil, Paternoster-row | G. Cowie, Strand
W. Strange, ditto
Hewitt, ditto

G. Berger, Holywell-street, Clements, Pulteney street
Strand
Purkess, Compton-street
Arch, Cornhill
Lloyd, Hayes-court
Agents.

Country

Birmingham, J. Drake
Boston, J. Noble
Bristol, Westley and Co.
Cambridge, Mrs. Landifer
Carlisle, C. Thurnam
Chatham, P. Youngman
Cheltenham, J. Gray
Derby, Wilkins and Son
Edinburgh, J. Wardlaw
Falmouth, J. Philp
Glasgow, G. Gallie
Hull, W. Stephenson
Ditto, J. Noble

Leeds, Baynes and Co.
Ditto, Knight

Lincoln, W. Peck

Liverpool, Willmer and

Smith

Manchester, R. Robinson
Ditto, W. Ellerby
Newcastle, Chambers
Norwich, Jarrold and Son
Nottingham, C. Wright
Stroud, W. Harmer
Worcester, J. R. Hunt
Ditto, H. Deighton

Printed by J. Haddon and Co., 27, Ivy Lane.

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love of science become more generally
diffused, the desire will be evinced, by all
classes of society, for the preservation of
these splendid productions of our fore-
fathers.

THE cathedrals and other ecclesiastical edifices which arose throughout Europe, during the twelfth, and three following centuries, are justly the pride of every country where they exist; they form by far the most beautiful ornaments of their In no country of Europe have religious chief cities, and at once testify to the buildings suffered so much from popular zeal and piety, taste, munificence, and violence as in France: scarcely one is to perseverance, of the ages in which these be seen which has not been defaced; and, beautiful structures were erected. If, in even within a very short period, the venediscarding the superstitions of by-gone rable and curious church of St. Germain times, we had retained a little of that ve- l'Auxerrois, and the archiepiscopal paneration with which every building was lace attached to the metropolitan catheviewed that had once been consecrated to dral, have been, the one partially destroyed, Christian worship, we should not have to the other razed to the ground. Previous regret the neglect and consequent decay to the late revolution, the government of so many of our national antiquities. had, by yearly grants of money, assisted Time has destroyed much; but the ruth-in repairing some of the most splendid of less hand of man much more. We anti-those edifices which had been mutilated cipate, however, that, as knowledge and a in a spirit of most senseless Vandalism.

To the cathedral of Notre Dame of Paris, of the rise and history of which we purpose to give a brief sketch, a sum of two thousand pounds was annually granted for its restoration; and in a few years it would, no doubt, have been restored to its original beauty. It has suffered from every revolution, of which the French capital has been so prolific; much of its exterior sculpture was destroyed during the insane fury of 1793; yet it is still a splendid fabric, and "may be considered as among the boldest and most successful existing in Gothic architecture."

The present structure, which is situated in the old city, on an island formed by the Seine, was commenced in 1163, in the reign of Louis the Young. The first store was laid by Pope Alexander III.,

who was then a fugitive in France, Maurice de Sully being Bishop of Paris. As early as the year 1182 it was so far advanced that the high altar was consecrated; and near the steps of it Geoffery, Duke of Brittany, son of our King Henry II., who died in Paris in 1186, was interred; yet two centuries more elapsed before it was brought to its completion. The nave and west front, with its high and massive towers, are supposed to have been terminated about the year 1223. The south portal was commenced in 1257, and the northern one not until about fifty years after, in 1312 or 1313. Even as late as 1447, there is a record of a grant being made by Charles VII. to complete a part of it, or to make some addition.

A curious and, no doubt, most interesting discovery was made during its progress. In the year 1218, on the pulling down of an old church dedicated to St. Stephen, which adjoined the south side of the cathedral, were brought to light the following relics, which are recorded to have been given to the church by Philip Augustus; but it is not stated from whence he obtained them. They consisted of three of the teeth of St. John the Baptist; an arm of St. Andrew; a number of the stones with which St. Stephen had been martyred; and a part of the head of St. Denis!-the whole of which precious treasure was transferred, with much pomp and ceremony, to the rising cathedral, on the 4th of December.

the cathedral, beginning with Childebert
I., and terminating with Philip Augustus.
Not a vestige of them is remaining; they
were entirely destroyed in 1793. Above
this gallery is the centre window,
which
is 43 feet in diameter, and still retains
some of the fine stained glass of the 13th
century. The height of the towers from
the casement is about 221 feet, and the
width of the facade about 138 feet; the
extreme exterior length is about 449 feet,
and the greatest width 162 feet.

We have but little to add concerning
the interior, the architectural effect of
which is not very imposing; the solid
pillars of the nave, the double aisles
which surround the choir, and the some-
what grotesque basso relievos, represent-
ing the life of Christ, may be, perhaps,
interesting to the antiquary; but there are

few that will not admire the splendid
rose window of the south transept, which
exceeds 45 feet in diameter, and was re-
stored, in 1727, by Claude Penel, at an
expense of four thousand pounds, which
was defrayed by the Cardinal de Noailles.
The choir is ornamented with some tole-
rable pictures of the modern French
school.

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TO THE ELECTORS OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND.

FRIENDS AND FELLOW COUNTRYMEN,

Hitherto you have possessed little power to influence the conduct of your rulers, and have, therefore, been less responsible for their measures. The case is now altered. The power of choosing the House of Commons is placed in your own hands; and, therefore, the guilt of tolerating, and still more of sanctioning abuse, will now rest upon you.

The reform in the representation which has led to this important change will prove of small value, unless it be followed by a reform of the abuses which have grown up under the old system.

It were vain, indeed, to aim

at sweeping them all away at once. They must be assailed in succession, otherwise your strength will be divided, and your final victory over them retarded. Your combined efforts ought to be directed to their removal, one after another, according to their comparative urgency and importance; and thus, by the blessing of God, may you expect, in no long time, to effect their entire extirpation.

But surely there is no one abuse to be named which, when contemplated in all its bearings, can vie in enormity with that of COLONIAL SLAVERY; nor is there any one duty which prefers more powerful claims on every British heart than that of rescuing upwards of 800,000 of our fellow-subjects from the cruel and degrading bondage in which, without any crime of theirs, they are at this hour iniquitously held.

Many extraordinary events, during the lapse of ages, have passed within the interior of the cathedral, but none, perhaps, more memorable than the coronation of that child of Fortune, Napoleon Buonaparte and his wife Josephine, on the 2nd of December, 1804, amidst all that was splendid and illustrious in their capital. The west front of the cathedral, with The head of the Catholic church had its towers and marigold window, of which been forced to repair to Paris to bear his we present to our readers a most faithful part in the great pageant. "The Pope and spirited drawing, is remarkable not blessed them, and consecrated the diaonly for its general effect, but for its ele- dems; but these were not placed on their gant simplicity, bold character of outline, heads by his hand. That office, in and, what is rather unusual, its uniformity either case, Napoleon himself performed. of design; it may be described as being Throughout the ceremonial his aspect was divided horizontally into four compart- thoughtful; it was on a stern and a ments, the lowermost of which has for its gloomy brow that he, with his own hands, centre the principal entrance-porch; on planted the symbol of successful ambieither side is a similar one of correspond- tion and uneasy power; and the shouts ing character; they open with high pointed of the deputies present, carefully selected arches, and form deep recesses, gradually for the purpose, sounded faint and hol-jecting the pretensions of such as are opposed contracting to the doors; they are ex-low amidst the silence of the people."

tremely beautiful, being highly decorated with alto-relievos. The sculptures above the doors of the middle porch represent the last judgment; within the porch to the left of the spectator are sculptured various subjects from the New Testament, and within that to the right are the figures of prophets, evangelists, and saints; but, unfortunately, the greater number of the statues are deprived of their heads, the monsters of the French Revolution having extended their impious fury even to the beheading of stones. Immediately above the porches is a gallery called the "Gallery of the Kings," from its having been decorated with the statues of twentyeight of those who were considered to have been the principal benefactors of

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The intrinsic immorality and wickedness of COLONIAL SLAVERY are now almost universally admitted, and are scarcely denied even by its apologists. It is needless, therefore, to recur to the facts and arguments which have extorted that tardy admission. The object of the present address will rather be directed to show that it is no less impolitic than it is inhuman and unjust; and that it is maintained not only by a sacrifice of Christian principle, but by other most costly sacrifices, both pecuniary and commercial, of which you can rid this end, therefore, ought your views, in the yourselves only by its entire extinction. To choice of representatives at the approaching elections, to be especially directed, wholly re

to the abolition of slavery, or are interested in its continuance.

Among the evils flowing from this source, one of the most prominent is the frightful waste of human life which has taken place in that great charnel-house, the Sugar Colonies of Great Britain. Mr. Fowell Buxton has proved this point in the most "satisfactory manner. By a careful digest of the official parliamentary returns of the slave population in those colonies, furnished by the colonists themselves, it appears that its actual decrease in eleven years has amounted to 52,624. This statement has, for many months past, been placed before the public without receiving any refutation, so that its correctness may be fairly assumed.*

This decrease, however, large as it is, and

*Those who wish to refer to this document will find a faithful transcript of it in the “AntiSlavery Reporter," No. 100.

though it supplies a proof, which no sophistry can elude, of misery and suffering, forms but a small part of the murderous results with which BRITISH COLONIAL SLAVERY is chargeable. Had its victims been placed in circumstances equally favourable with the free blacks around them, or even with their fellow slaves in the United States, instead of decreasing in eleven years by 52,624, they ought to have increased by upwards of 220,000. The following is the ground on which this appalling fact (involving a waste, in the slave colonies of Great Britain, of more than 270,000 lives in eleven years) is confidently averred:

cases.

The African slave-trade was abolished by Great Britain, and by the United States, in the very same year-that is to say, in 1808. Any impediments to the progress of population arising from the disproportion of the sexes, or from other circumstances incident to that traffic, must have been nearly alike in the two In 1808 the slaves of the United States may be computed to have amounted to 1,130,000, and those of the British West Indies to 800,000. In 1830 the slaves of the United States amounted to 2,010,436, and those of the British West Indies to 678,527. If, however, the British slaves had increased at the same rate with the American slaves, their number, in 1830, instead of being only 678,527, would have been 1,423,317, or 744,793 more than their actual amount. There has, therefore, been, in the twenty-two years, from 1808 to 1830, a waste of slave life in the British West Indies, as compared with its increase in the United States, of nearly 745,000 human beings.*

incurs in supplying us with the sugar we consume. We are thus made direct participators in his crime.

Another million of pounds, at the least, is annually paid by this country for maintaining those establishments, civil, naval, and military, by which the slaves in the West Indies, the Cape of Good Hope, and the Mauritius, are kept in subjection to the cart-whip, and by which the masters are protected in inflicting upon them misery and death.

Besides this, the interests of British commerce are sacrificed, for the profit of the growers of sugar by slave labour, in the West Indies and the Mauritius, and in order to protect them against the competition of free labour in our own Asiatic dominions. This is done by imposing on the sugar of India a duty of six shilling a cwt. more than is paid on that of our slave colonies.

The mischievous effects of such a policy are obvious. Sugar is one of the most generally -nay, universally, desired articles of foreign import; and its consumption in this country might be increased three or four fold. And yet, so attached are we to slavery that we prevent, by this additional impost, the hundred millions of our fellow-subjects in the East from supplying us with this article at a cheaper rate, in payment of our manufactures, which manufactures they would gladly buy of us if we would take their sugar in return. And how desirable is it to encourage such a vent for our industry! At the rate of even a shilling a head, our Indian population would consume five millions' worth of our manufactures; and, by giving employment to our If this statement be even a distant approxi-workmen to that extent, and thus raising their mation to the truth (and there appears no ground on which to impeach its general correctness), can it be denied that British colonial slavery is one of the severest calamities which now afflict humanity? And even this heavy accusation, supported as it is by such irrefragable proof of the murderous tendency of that wretched system, would be aggravated by a view of its demoralizing effects on both the slave and his master, and of its admitted incompatibility with the progress of Christianity in the slave colonies. But on this point, also, the public mind is now abundantly satisfied. The demolition of the houses of God in Jamaica, and the persecution of the Christian missionaries and their negro converts, which still rages there, render it unnecessary to dwell on that subject.

These circumstances of crime and cruelty will greatly aggravate your guilt, if baving, as electors, the power of putting an end to this enormity, you suffer its existence to be prolonged. But yet these evils are wholly distinct from those PECUNIARY and COMMERCIAL SACRIFICES to which this address is intended especially to point your attention.-To glance at some of them:

The people of this country are now paying, to the growers of sugar by slaves, a bounty on its export of upwards of five shillings a cwt., by which bounty the price of the article is raised to the same extent in the home market. The tax thus levied on the British consumer amounts to more than a million pounds sterling a year, and it is paid in direct support of that system of slavery which, as has been shown, produces such disastrous effects. It operates, in fact, as an indemnity to the slaveholder for the enormous waste of negro life he

*See, for farther details on this subject, the "Anti-Slavery Reporter," Nos. 97 and 100.

wages, far more good would be done than if the same money were given away among them. In short, the benefits to be derived from removing restrictions from trade in every direction are incalculable; but in no direction are such restrictions more injurious to our own interests, and more destructive of human happiness at home and abroad, than when employed to bolster up the cruel and impolitic system of slavery.

It has been shown that the destruction of

human life in our slave colonies, during the twenty-two years from 1808 to 1830, has amounted to about 745,000 of our fellowcreatures. If these, instead of being thus wasted by the rigours of slavery, had, by a more lenient treatment, been added to the existing population, we should now, probably, be receiving from their labour 400,000 or 450,000 tons of sugar, instead of our present supply of 200,000. Sugar would thus be so much reduced in price, and the duties upon it might also be so much lowered, as to bring it within the reach of our whole population. Such an effect, in regard to cotton, has followed the increase of population in the United States. The import, thence, of that article into Great Britain has increased about fourfold in the last fifteen or sixteen years, while its price has fallen to a third of its former rate —that is, from 1s. 6d. to 6d. a pound-thus it has greatly lowered the cost, while it has enlarged the manufacture and consumption, of that now indispensable necessary of life.

It might further be shown, that not only would trade and shipping be benefited, in an almost incalculable measure, by the abolition of slavery, and of all those commercial restrictions by which slavery is upheld, but that still more important results might be expected to follow. The competition of free labour in our Indian dominions has gradually compelled the slave-holders, all over the world, to abandon to

them the cultivation of indigo; and it is now grown solely by free labour. In this case, the extinction of slavery in the British colonies, even if it should not operate powerfully in the way of example, as we might fairly expect it to do, on the United States, and on France, Brazil, Spain, and other nations, would, at least, establish in the West a growing population of free labourers, to aid the efforts of the free labourers of the East in rendering slavery as unprofitable, in the culture of sugar and other articles, as it now is in the culture of indigo, and thus making it the common interest, no less than the duty, of all nations to abandon the crimes both of slavery and the slave-trade.

The enormous evils of British slavery, and its tendency to obstruct, by the sacrifices required to support it, the extension of our commercial intercourse with the world at large, and the advance of happiness and civilization, not only in this but in all lands, have now been laid before you. Can a single word be necessary to excite the Electors of Great Britain and Ireland to exert every nerve to rid themselves of the withering influence, on our highest interests, both moral and commercial, of this scourge of humanity-this foul stain on our national character? It is now in your power, for the first time, to destroy this gigantic evil, and to save yourselves from its guilt and its costliness; and while, by doing so, you will largely benefit your own country, you will be conferring blessings, in other countries, on millions yet unborn, and may even hope to be instrumental in terminating both slavery and the slave-trade throughout the world.

Be persuaded, therefore, Electors, to rise to the full appreciation of the high and sacred obligations which attach to you in the exercise of your newly-acquired franchises-obligations which you cannot overlook without guilt. By means of the representatives of your choice, you may put an immediate extinguisher on this expensive national crime. Assert, then, your right to deliver yourselves from its malignant influence, and to extend the bloodless and unfettered range of your commercial intercourse into every corner of the habitable globe. If you thus act, you will see the want of employment, and the distress consequent upon it, of which so many now complain, vanish by degrees from your sight; while your growing prosperity, founded on the basis of humanity and justice, will shed the blessings of light, liberty, and improvement, not only on the population of the British empire, but on the whole family of man.

That such may be one of the first-fruits of a Reform in the Commons' House of Parliament, is the earnest prayer of

A BROTHER ELECTOR.

TRANSLATION OF

MARTIAL'S EPIGRAM ON LIBERTY. WOULD you be free! 'Tis your chief wish, you say:

Come on; I'll show thee, friend, the certain way.
If to no feasts abroad thou lov'st to go,
Whilst bounteous God does bread at home bestow;
If thou the goodness of thy clothes dost prize
By thine own use, and not by other's eyes;
If (only safe from weathers) thou can'st dwell
In a small house, but a convenient shell;
If thou, without a sigh, or golden wish,
Canst look upon thy beechen bowl and dish;
If in thy mind such power and greatness be,
The Persian king's a slave compared with thee.

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WE beg to direct the special attention of our readers to the address "To the Electors of Great Britain and Ireland," contained in our present number. It contains as important and perspicuous statements, and as cogent arguments, with relation to the abolition of slavery, as we remember ever to have seen. It is, moreover, particularly appropriate to the present time, when the constituency of the kingdom are expecting shortly to exercise (and many of them for the first time) the most important and responsible function that can devolve upon them in their political capacity. The public mind has been too long misled by the false statements and the equally dishonest omissions of the party interested in the perpetuation of slavery. It is now high time that the delusion should be exposed and discarded, and that Englishmen should (though late) yield their honest attention to a subject which addresses them in every relation they can sustain as husbands, as fathers, as friends; which appeals, in short, with equal force, to their principle, their benevolence, and their selfishness.

We take this opportunity of stating that a series of articles will shortly appear in the Tourist, upon THE SAFETY OF IM

MEDIATE EMANCIPATION.

*

*

On each side of this egg she places another,
all which adhere firmly together by means of
their glue, and form a triangular figure thus,
which is the stern of the raft. She pro-
ceeds in the same manner to add egg after egg
in a vertical (not a horizontal) position, care-
fully regulating the shape by her crossed legs;
and, as her raft increases in magnitude, she
pushes the whole gradually to a greater dis-
she uncrosses her legs and places them paral-
tance, and, when she has about half finished,
lel, the angle being no longer necessary for
shaping the boat. Each raft consists of from
250 to 350 eggs, which, when all laid, float on
the water, secure from sinking, and are finally
abandoned by the mother. They are hatched
in a few days, the grubs issuing from the lower
shells, continues to float till it is destroyed by
end; but the boat, now composed of the empty
the weather.

Kirby justly describes this little vessel as re-
sembling a London wherry, being sharp and
higher, as sailors say, fore and aft, convex be-
low and concave above, and always floating on
its keel. "The most violent agitation of the
water," he adds, "cannot sink it; and, what
desideratum in our life-boats, though hollow,
is more extraordinary, and a property still a
it never becomes filled with water, even though
exposed. To put this to the test, I placed
half a dozen of these boats upon the surface
of a tumbler half full of water: I then poured
upon them a stream of that element from the
them. Yet, after this treatment, which was so
mouth of a quart bottle held a foot above
rough as actually to project one out of the

glass, I found them floating as before upon their bottoms, and not a drop of water within their cavity." We have repeatedly pushed they always came up immediately to the surthem to the bottom of a glass of water; but face, apparently unwetted.-Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia.

ART AND NATURE.

O How much sweeter is it to me to recal to

my mind the walks and the sports of my happy childhood, than the pomp and the splendour of the palaces I have since inhabited! All these courts, once so brilliant, are now faded! All the projects which were then built with so impenetrable future has cheated alike the semuch confidence are become chimeras! The curity of princes and the ambition of courtiers! Versailles is dropping into ruin; the delicious gardens of Chantilly, of Villers-Coterets, of Sceaux, of the Isle-Adam, are destroyed! I should now look in vain for the vestiges of that fragile grandeur which I once admired there: but I should find the banks of the Loire

as full of violets and lilies of the valley, and as smiling as ever, the meadows of St. Aubin its woods loftier and fairer! There are no vicissitudes for the eternal beauties of nature; and while, amidst blood-stained revolutions, palaces, marble columns, statues of bronze, and even cities themselves, disappear, the simstorm, grow into beauty, and multiply for ple flowers of the field, regardless of the ever.-Madame de Genlis.

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DISPOSAL OF EGGS BY THE COMMON
GNAT.

THE most singular disposal of eggs with which we are acquainted in the economy of insects is exemplified in the common gnat. (Culex pipiens, LINN.) It is admirably described by Réaumur, though it seems first to have been discovered by Langallo, who mentions it in a letter addressed to Redi, printed at Florence in 1769; and by Alloa, who actually saw the eggs laid, and afterwards sketched a figure of them. Those who wish to witness this singular operation must repair before five or six o'clock in the morning to a pond or a bucket of stagnant water frequented by gnats; when Réaumur went later in the day he was always disappointed.

LAUNCESTON CASTLE, CORNWALL. parliamentary war.

The problem of the gnat is to construct a boat-shaped raft, which will float, of eggs THE above represents the ruins of one heavy enough to sink in water, if dropped into of the most ancient castles in the counit one by one. The eggs are nearly of the try. It is situated on the summit of a pyramidal form of a pocket gunpowder flask, hill, on a high, conical, rocky mount, rather pointed at the upper, and broad at the partly natural and partly artificial. It is under end, with a projection like the mouth of of such antiquity as to defy the efforts of a bottle. The first operation of the mother gnat the curious to ascertain who were its is to fix herself by the fore-legs to the side of a bucket or upon a floating leaf, with her body level founders, or what was the precise date of with and resting upon the surface of the water, its foundation. One of the earliest noexcepting the last ring of the tail, which is a tices of it which we find is in the reign of little raised; she then crosses her two hind-legs King John, who constituted Hubert de in form of an X, the inner opening of which Burgh governor of it, a person of consiis intended to form the scaffolding of her struc-derable possessions in Cornwall. ture. She accordingly brings the inner angle of her crossed legs close to the raised part of her body, and places in it an egg, covered, as is usual among insects, with a glutinous fluid.

From its strong position, and its situation at the entrance of the county, this castle was an important post during the

It was at first in the hands of the parliament, and under the governorship of Sir Richard Buller, who, on the approach of Sir Ralph Hopton with the king's forces, quitted the town and fled. tacked by Major-General Chudleigh, In 1643 Sir Ralph was atwithout success. In August, 1644, the place was surrendered to the Earl of Es sex, but fell into the hands of the royalists again after the capitulation of the earl's army. In the time of the Commonwealth, the castle and park, being put up to sale by the government, were purchased by Robert Bennet, Esq., but on the Restoration they reverted to the crown.

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