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distance of time that was the religion which they feel to be the religion still; if undilapidated, and continuing in its sacred use, overawes their minds with the mysterious solemnities of its unviolated sanctuary; while the sculptured shapes and actions of divinities, overspreading the exterior of the structure, have nothing, in their impotent and monstrous device and clumsy execution, to abate the reverence of Hindoo devotion toward the objects expressed in this visible language. The missionary, if an acute observer, might perceive how rays of malignant influence strike from such objects upon the faculties of his auditors, to be as it were reflected in their looks of disbelief and disdain, upon the preacher of the new doctrine. What a strength of guardianship is thus arrayed in the very senses of the pagan, for the fables, lying doctrines, and immoral principles, established in his faith!

THE SPANISH BULL FIGHT.

Ar the head of the entertainments that belong, most exclusively, to the Spanish nation, must be placed a spectacle for which it still has a most unbounded attachment, whilst it is repugnant to the delicacy of the rest of Europe-I mean the bull fights. The arena is a kind of circus, above another, the highest of which, only, is round which are placed a score of seats, one covered; the boxes are in the upper part of the building. In some towns which have not places spaciously appropriated for these combats, the principal square is used for the fight. The entertainment begins with a kind of promenade round the arena, where appear on heroes who are to be matched with the furious horseback, as well as on foot, the athletic animals, all dressed in the elegance of Spanish costume. The picadores wear a round hat, half covered with a short cloak, of which the sleeves float loose in the air: they are seated in the saddle, and have, instead of boots, only gaiters, made of white leather; those on foot wear a dress very similar, but more costly: both have a short waistcoat of silk of a bright colour, trimmed with ribbons, a scarf of the same "Or we may suppose the protester in the colour, and their hair put in a large net of name of the true God to be led to the silk. When this promenade is over, one or scene of one of the grand periodical cele- two alguazils, on horseback, dressed in a black brations of the extraordinary rites of ido- robe and a wig, advance gravely, and ask of latry. There, as at the temple of Jagger-him who presides at the festival the order for heginning it. The signal is immediately naut, contemplating the effect of an in- given: the animal, which has hitherto been tense fanaticism, glowing through an al-kept in a kind of shed, the door of which most infinite crowd, he may perceive that opens into the arena, appears. each individual mind is the more fitted, by being heated in this infernal furnace, to harden in a more decided form, and stamp of idolatry, as it cools.

The bull is received and stunned by their cries and the noisy expression of their joy. He has immediately to defend himself against the combatan ts on horseback (called picadores ), who attack "The very riches of nature, the conhim with a long lance. This exercise, which requires at once address, courage, and strength, formations and productions of the ele- has nothing disgraceful in it: formerly the ments, co-operate in this mighty tyranny first grandees did not disdain to partake of it. over the mind by occupancy of the senses. The picadores open the scene-often the ball, Divinity, while degraded in human con- without being provoked, flies at them and ception of it, in being diffused through every body augurs favourably of his valour. these objects, comes, at the same time, attack, he return again immediately to the If, in spite of the weapon which repulsed his with a more immediate impression of pre-charge, the cries redouble; but if the bull, in a sence, when flowers, trees, animals, rivers, pacific confounded manner, sneaks round the present themselves, not as effects and il-place, the murmurs and hissings fill the whole lustrations, but often as substantial par- edifice. If nothing can excite his courage, ticipants, or at least sacred vehicles, of he is judged unworthy to be tormented by that sublimest existence, and the whole men, and the cries of " The dogs, the dogs,' redouble, and his enemies increase-enorsurrounding physical world is one vast mous large dogs are let loose on him, who mythology, an omnipresent fallacy. In get hold of his neck and ears-the dogs praying that the region may be cleared are thrown into the air; they get up again, of idol gods, the missionary might feel recommence the combat, and finish, in comthe question suggested, whether he is not mon, by dragging their antagonist to the repeating Elijah's prayer for the withhold-ground, where he perishes by an ignoble blow: ing of rain, which would certainly do much toward vacating the pantheon, by the destruction of the flowers, trees, animals, and streams."

ANTIDOTES TO POISONS.

"WHAT signifies philosophy that does not apply to some use?" inquires the most practical of philosophers, Franklin. One of the most obvious, as well as most important, applications of scientific discovery is, the study of the uses and antidotes of poisonous substances. Mr. John Murray has been engaged in making some experiments on vegetable poisons, which have led to important results; and will probably be followed by others of equal value: these we shall endeavour to lay before our readers as they become known to us.

but, if he conducts himself according to the ous, but more painful, career. The first act in wishes of the spectators, he runs a more glorithis tragedy belongs to the combatants on horseback-these are the most animated, the most bloody, and often the most disgusting scenes. The animal being irritated, braves the iron that has deeply wounded him, flies on the innocent horse that carries his enemy, tears his sides, and throws him and his rider to the ground, who, in this crisis, would run great risk, if the combatants on foot, called chulos, did not distract and provoke the bull, by holding before him some stuffs of different colours: but it is at their own hazard they save the riders. Sometimes the bull pursues them; they have then need of all their agility; they escape by dropping some pieces of stuff, which are their only arms, and upon which the

rage of the deceived animal is exhausted.

encloses the arena.

Sometimes he is not thus arrested, and the combatant has no other resource but to leap over the railing, which is six feet high, and which is very seldom, he remains in his place. If this does not happen, The overthrown horseman has had time to get too much wounded, and the combat begins up again. He remounts, if his horse is not anew; but he is often obliged to change horses torn, and their bellies ripped open, fall and several times. I have seen eight or ten horses expire on the field of battle. Sometimes these of docility-present a spectacle at which it may horses-affecting models of patience,of courage, hanging out of their sides, and still obey for under their feet their own bloody entrails, be allowable to shudder. You see them tread some time the hand that guides them. Disgust at this period overpowers every sensation of pleasure in the minds of spectators of sensibility.

But another act is preparing. When it is judged that the bull is sufficiently tormented by the horsemen, they retire, and deliver him to the barbarous teasings of those on foot. These go before the animal, and, at the mo

ment he rushes upon them, plunge in his neck a species of arrows, called tanderillas, terminating in a barb, and ornamented with little streams of coloured paper. The fury of the bull increases; he roars, is agitated, and his vain efforts serve only to render his pains more poignant. When the vigour of the bull appears nearly exhausted, and the impatience of the people calls for another victim, the president then gives the signal of death. The matador advances and reigns alone in the arena; in one hand he holds a long sword, and in the other a kind of banner, which he waves before his adversary. They are now face to face they stop-they look at one the impetuosity of the bull, and the suspended pleasure of the spectators becomes more lively. The bull in this situation-the matador calcu poses-form a picture which a masterly pencil lating his movements, and divining his pur

another. The matador several times deceives

could not disdain. The matador at last strikes

the mortal blow; and, if the animal falls instantly, thousands of cries celebrate the trivives, the murmurs are no less tumultuous. umph of the conqueror ; but, if the bull surThe torreador, whose glory was about to be

raised to the skies, is now no more than a and at last strikes a more fatal blow; the bungling butcher. He soon takes revenge, animal vomits streams of blood, struggles with death, totters, and falls, and his conqueror is inebriated with applause. Three mules, ornamented with bells and streamers, finish the that showed his valour, the furious and noble scene. The bull is fastened by those horns animal is dragged out of the arena, and leaves

no trace behind him but his blood and a faint remembrance, which is soon obliterated by the sight of his successor.-Bourgoin's Spain.

THOUGHTS.

HAST thou seen, with flash incessant,
Bubbles gliding under ice,
Bodied forth, and evanescent,

No one knows by what device?
Such are thoughts-a wind-swept meadow,
Mimicking a troubled sea;
Such is life and death a shadow
From the rock eternity!

WORDSWORTH.

THE EARTHQUAKE AT PORT-ROYAL. [Mr. Wesley, in his "Survey of the Wisdom of God in Creation; or, Compendium of Natural Philosophy," gives the following account of the great earthquake at Port-Royal in Jamaica, as reported by an eye-witness.]

But it returned in a minute or two, and over-
flowed a great part of the shore. Those who
escaped from the town got on board the ships
in the harbour, where many continued two
months, the shocks all the time being so violent,
that they durst not come on shore. The noi-
some vapours occasioned a general sickness,
which swept away three thousand of those that
were left.

CHANGE OF CLIMATE.

So great is the influence of the atmosphere upon human health and enjoyment, and upon almost every thing connected with both, that an inquiry into its changes and their causes can never cease to be an object interesting to man: more especially if this inquiry should This earthquake happened on July 7, 1692, promise him the means of increasing its adjust before noon; and, in the space of two The following account of this memorable vantages, or of remedying its inconveniences. minutes, shook down and drowned nine-tenths As no country in the world is exposed to a of the town. The houses sunk outright thirty event is given by the rector of Port-Royal :"On Wednesday, June 7, I had been reading greater variety of atmospherical changes than or forty fathoms. The earth opened and swalour own, the subject has been considered by lowed up the people in one street, and threw prayers (which I have read every day since I us with much attention; and particularly the them up in another: some rose in the middle came to Port-Royal, to keep up some show of of the harbour. While the houses on one side religion among a most ungodly people), and question whether, of late years, the seasons of a street were swallowed up, those on the was gone to the President of the Council. have not lost much of their original regularity, other side were thrown on heaps. The sand We had scarce dined, when I felt the ground and the climate itself suffered a very material heave and roll under me. I said, 'Sir, what and discouraging deterioration. That certain in the street, rising like waves in the sea, is this?" He replied, composedly, It is an alterations produced by human agency on the lifted up every one that stood upon it. Then earthquake. Be not afraid, it will soon be surface of the earth, such as the destruction of suddenly sinking into pits, the water broke out, over. But it increased more and more: and forests, and the drainage and cultivation of the and rolled them over and over. Sloops and ships in the harbour were overset, and lost: the presently we heard the church and the tower soil, will occasion a local change in the disSwan frigate was driven over the tops of many fall. Upon this we ran to save ourselves: Itricts where such alterations take place, is unhouses. All this was attended with a hollow quickly lost him, and ran towards Morgan's questionable; and this change, which is generumbling noise. In less than a minute, three-fort; as that was a wide open place, and secure rally beneficial, is often carried forward to a quarters of the houses, with their inhabitants, from the falling of houses. As I ran I saw considerable extent, both of influence and terthe earth open, and swallow up multitudes of ritory. were all sunk under water; and the little part people, and the sea mounting over the fortifications. I then laid aside all thoughts of escape, and went homeward to meet death in as good to look for shelter. Several houses which were a posture as I could. I was forced to go through left standing were removed some yards out two or three narrow streets; the houses fell on each side of me. Some bricks came rolling of their places. One whole street was made twice as broad as before. over my shoes, but none hurt me. In many places, the earth cracked, opened and shut, with a motion quick and fast; and two or three hundred of these openings might be seen at a time. In some of these, people were swallowed up, in others caught by the middle and pressed to death. In others the heads of men only appeared, in which condition dogs came and ate them. Out of some of these openings, whole rivers of water spouted up a prodigious height;

which remained was no better than a heap of rubbish. The shock threw people down on their knees, or their faces, as they ran about

and out of all the wells the water flew with a surprising violence. The whole was attended with a noisome stench, and the noise as of falling mountains at a distance; while the sky in a minute's time turned dull and reddish, like a glowing oven. And yet more houses were

When I

came to my lodging, I found all things in the
same order that I left them. I went to the
balcony, and saw that no houses in our street
were fallen. The people, seeing me, cried to
me to come and pray with them. When I
came into the street, every one laid hold of
my clothes, and embraced me. I desired them
to kneel down in a ring, and prayed with them
the exercise and the heat of the sun.
near an hour, till I was almost spent, between
They
then brought me a chair, the earth working all
the time like the rolling of the sea, insomuch
that sometimes while I was at prayers I could
hardly keep on my knees. By the time I had
been half an hour longer with them, in setting
their sins before them, and exhorting them to

But the change to which we first alluded is of a formidable nature, totally independent of human power, and calculated to fill the hearts of those who cherish the fear of it with terror and dismay. Whether such an alteration for the worse, of the seasons and the climate, is really in progress, or is in any measure probable, is, therefore, of no little moment with those who are interested, as we are, in the result of its investigation.

The only way in which we can arrive at any rational conclusion on this subject is, by a comparison of the seasons at different periods, and, if practicable, at different places also, within a certain distance. For this purpose we must search the records of history, and compare the reports of different observers of atmospheric and metereological phenomena. The most important of these phenomena are those changes of temperature-those variations of heat and cold-which are productive of such wonderful effects as we have frequently

occasion to notice. If we had a correct and continuous register, for a long series of years,

left standing at Port-Royal, than in all the repentance, some merchants came, and desired of thermometrical observations on temperature,

Yet

we should be much assisted in our determina

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TOURIST.

island beside. Scarce a planter's house or me to go on board one of the ships in the sugar-work was left throughout all Jamaica. harbour. From the top of some houses, which tion of this enquiry. But though we have no A great part of them was swallowed up; frequently houses, people, and trees at one gap, lay level with the water, I got into a boat, and such register of sufficient length, and though went on board the Siam Merchant. the thermometer itself, as an instrument to be The day in the room of which there afterwards appearwhen this happened was exceeding clear, and depended upon, has not been known much ed a large pool of water. This, when dried up, afforded no suspicion of evil. But about half more than a century, yet of the more striking and discovered nothing but sand, without any mark an hour past eleven, in less than three minutes, remarkable phenomena, such as the freezing that house or tree had been there. Two thou-Port-Royal, one of the fairest towns in the of rivers and seas, the prevalence of moisture sand people lost their lives: had it been in the night, few would have escaped. A thou- English plantations, was shattered in pieces, and drought, we have accounts, for a long time sand acres of land were sunk: one plantation God." and left a dreadful monument of the justice of back, sufficiently ample and explicit to enable us to form an opinion on the question now was removed half a mile from its place. before us. the shocks were most violent among the mountains. Not far from Yall-house, part of a mountain, after it had made several leaps, overwhelmed a whole family, and great part of a plantation, though a mile distant. A large mountain near Port Morant, about a day's journey over, was quite swallowed up, and, in the place where it stood, remained a lake, four or five leagues over. Vast pieces of mountains, with all the trees thereon, falling together in a confused manner, stopped up most of the rivers, till, swelling abroad, they made themselves new channels, tearing up every thing that opposed their passage, carrying with them into the sea such prodigious quantities of timber that they seemed like moving islands. In Liquania, the sea, retiring from the land, left the ground dry for two or three hundred yards.

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About ten years after the town was rebuilt, a terrible fire laid it in ashes. Yet they rebuilt it once more. But in the year 1722, a hurricane reduced it a third time to a heap of rubbish. Warned by these extraordinary calamities, which seemed to mark it out as a devoted spot, they removed the public offices from thence, and forbade any market to be held there for the future.

SOUTH.

Dr. South had a dispute with Dr. Sherlock, on some subject of divinity. Sherlock accused him of making use of wit in the controversy; South in his reply observed, that had it pleased God to have made him (Dr. Sherlock) a wit, he wished to know what he would have done.

SIR,

It has been very much the fashion amongst people professing an extra portion of zeal for religion, to stigmatize the present ministers as men, not only indifferent to the cause of religion, but as in some degree inimical to it. But, Sir, I put it to your candour, whether instructions like the following, conveyed in an official dispatch from a Secretary of State to the Governors of Colonies, are not calculated more to forward the cause of religion than the cant and hypocrisy of all those who have joined in the malignant cry above alluded to.

The following extract is taken from a dispatch from Lord Goderich to the Governor of Sierra Leone, dated Downing-street, 18th of January, 1832; and laid before Parliament last session, numbered 364 :

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Cambridgeshire, Capt. Yorke Chatham, Col. Maberly

R. N.

Crickdale, R. Gordon
Dover, Sir John Rae Reid
Dumfries, Keith Douglas
Essex, North, A. Baring
Eye, Wm. Burge
Frome, Sir T. Champneys

Liverpool, Lord Sandon
Lymington, John Stewart
Middlesex, Joseph Hume
Newark, W. E. Gladstone
Orford, Spencer Kilderbee

Penryn, J. W. Freshfield

Rochester, Ralph Bernal

Reading, C. Russell Salisbury, Wadham Wynd

ham

Suffolk, Eastern Division,
R. N. Shaw
Ditto, ditto,

Archdeckne Western Division, John Fitzgerald Sandwich, J. Marryatt Somersetshire, Eastern Divi. sion, William Miles Sunderland, Ald. Thompson Ditto, David Barclay St. Alban's, H. G. Ward Tewkesbury, W. Dowdeswell Totness, T. P. Courtenay Tower Hamlets, Mr. Clay Ditto, F. Marryatt Tynemouth, Frederic Young Wolverhampton, F. Dwarris Whitby, Aaron Chapman Winchester, Mr. East

Speaking of certain African superstitious rites, his Lordship says, "Those superstitions will yield to the benign influence of Chris-Clitheroe, J. Irving tianity; but may, otherwise, be regarded as invincible. If Ditto, new motive were wanting any to stimulate the wish of His Majesty's Government for the diffusion of Christian Knowledge amongst this body of people, that motive would be found in the intimate connexion which subsists, in their case, between the er'rors of Heathenism and the extension of the Slave Trade. I cannot, therefore, too earnestly recommend to your support and countenance, not only the clergy of the Established Church, but the various Missionaries whom the zeal of different classes of Christians in this country has engaged, and is now supporting, in the work of converting and instructing the liberated Africans. You will encourage their efforts by all personal kindness and attention which it may be in your power to bestow.

Glasgow, J. Dixon
Ditto, D. K. Sandford
Gloucester, W. T. Hope
Gloucestershire, Eastern Di-
vision, C. W. Codrington
Hereford, R. Blakemore
Honiton, Lord Villiers
High Wycombe, D'Israeli
Hythe, S. Majoribanks
Hull, Daniel Carruthers
Jedburgh, Sir Adolphus Dal-
rymple

The Committee see no reason at present to remove any of the above names from this Schedule, and particularly caution their friends not to be misled by any General AntiSlavery professions.

SCHEDULE B

is intended to contain the names of those Gentlemen who

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Oxford, W. H. Hughes
Plymouth, Thomas Bewes
Ditto, G. Collier
Potteries, Josiah Wedge-
wood
Penryn, C. Stewart
Poole, Sir John Byng
Ditto, Mr. Lester
Preston, John Wood
Ripon, T. K. Stavely
Ditto, J. S. Crompton
Rochdale, John Fenton
Rochester, John Mills
Rye, Col. De Lacy Evans
Reading, C. F. Palmer
Somersetshire, East Division,
W. B. Brigstock
Southwark, L. B. Allen
Sussex, Lord G. Lennox
Surrey, East Division, A. W.
Beauclerck

Salford, J. Brotherton
Ditto, Jeremiah Garnett
Sheffield, J. S. Buckingham
Somerset, Eastern Division,
Gore Langton
Ditto, West Division, A.
Sanford

South Shields, W. Gowan
St. Albans, Sir F. Vincent
Sudbury, M. A. Taylor
Surrey, J. I. Briscoe

bert Curteis Tiverton, Mr. Kennedy Tewkesbury, John Martin Ditto, C. Hanbury Tracey Thirsk, R. Gibson Tower Hamlets, Dr. Lushington

Truro, W. Tooke
Warwick, John Tomes
Warrington, Mr. Hornby
Ditto, E. B. King
Weymouth, T. F. Buxton
Whitby, Richard Moorsom
Wigan, Mr. Thicknesse
Wilts, North Division, Paul
Methuen

Worcester, Eastern Division,
W. C. Russell
Ditto, ditto, T. F. Cookes
Wycombe, Colonel Grey
Ditto, Robert Smith
Warwick, North Division,
Sir G. Chetwynd
Ditto, D. Hemming, Esq.
Ditto, Sir R. Wilmot
Wight, Isle of, Sir R. Si-
meon, Bart.
Walsal, G. B. Attwood
Wolverhampton, R Pryer
Ditto, W. W. Whitmore
Yorkshire, North Riding, M.
Stapylton, J. C. Ramsden
Ditto, ditto, - Cayley, Esq.

FOR FENDERS, FIRE ARONS, KNIVES, &c. AMILIES FURNISHING may effect an

You will at all times be ready to aid them by offer doubtful or indefinite promises; but, as it is probable immense SAVING, by making their purchases, for

your counsels, without, of course, assuming any spiritual authority over them; and, if instances should occur of those infirmities of temper and judgment to which, in common with all other men, they must be subject, you will, I am persuaded, feel that kindness and forbearance are better calculated than any other methods to correct those errors which may be found in alliance with honest zeal and upright intentions. Although it is far from my purpose to attribute to you any improper conduct or demeanour towards the various Missionaries at 'Sierra Leone, yet it has not escaped my attention that you appear to regard them with a degree of distrust, if not of suspicion, which is eminently unfavourable to the growth of those kind and amiable relations which ought to subsist between them and the Governor of the Colony. It is on that account that I have thought it right to press the preceding remarks on your

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Ditto, E. H. Adams
Chatham, Erskine Perry
Cheshire, East Division, F.
Marshland

Ditto, ditto, H. Marshland
Ditto, ditto, E.D. Devenport
Chichester, Lord A Lennox
Clare, Maurice O'Connell
Ditto, D. W. Harvey
Colchester, R. Sanderson
Ditto, Wm. Mayhew
Coventry, E. L. Bulwer
Cork, D. Callaghan
Ditto, E. Elice
Cornwall, S. E. Division,
Sir W. Molesworth
Ditto, Ditto, C. S. Trelawney
Cumberland, East Division,
W. Blamire
Denbighshire Boroughs,John
Madocks
Ditto, Robert M. Biddulph
Derby, Ed. Strutt

Ditto, Colonel Cavendish
Ditto, E. D. Devenport
Ditto, South Division, G. J.
Verum

Ditto, ditto, Lord Waterpark Ditte, North Division, Lord Cavendish

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Derbyshire, T. Gisborne
Devonport, Sir G Grey
Ditto, G. Leach

Derby shire, Hon. G. T. Ver

non

Dover, Cap. R. H. Stanhope
Durham, South Division,
Joseph Pease, Jun.
Essex, South Division, T. B.
Lennard

Ditto, North Division, T.

Brand

Finsbury, Mr. Wakley
Glamorgan, J. H Vivian
Ditto, L. W. Dillwyn
Glasgow, John Douglas
Gloucester, Cap Berkeley
Ditto, John Philpots
Gloucester, Eastern Division,
Henry Moreton
Ditto, ditto, B W. Guise
Gloucester, West Division,"
Grantley, F. Berkeley
Greenwich, Cap. Dundas

Ditto, Mr. E. Barnard
Hastings, H. Elphinstone
Herefordshire, Kedgwin
Hoskins
Hertford, J. E..Spalding
Ditto, T. S. Dancoinbe
Hertfordshire, R. Alston
Honiton, James R. Todd
Hythe, W. Fraser
Hall, M. D. Hill
Ditto, Mr. Hitt
Ipswich, 1. Morrison
Kent, Western Division, T.
L. Hodges
Ditto, ditto, T. Rider
Ditto, Eastern Division, J.
P. Plumtree

Kerry, Daniel O'Connell e
London, Sir John Key
Ditto, Matthew Wood
Diito, George Grote
Lyme Regis, J. Melville
Lynn Kings, Lord W.. P.
Lennox

Lambeth, Daniel Wakefield
Leeds, T. B. Macauley
Leicester, South Division, E.

Dawson Leicester, William Evans Ditto, Wynn Ellis Lincoln, South Division, H. Handley Louth, R. L. Sheil Lymington, John Blackiston Manchester, Mark Phillips Marylebone, Sir S. Whalley Maidstone, C. J. Barnett Middlesex, Lord Henley Monmouth, B. Hall Newark, Serjeant Wilde Ditto, W. F. Handley Newcastle-under-line, E.

Peel

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the CURE of COUGHS, COLDS, WALTER'S ANISEED. PILLS.-The numerous and respectable Testimonials daily received of the extraordinary efficacy of the above Pills, in curing the most distressing and long-established diseases of the pulmonary and respiratory organs, induce the Proprietor to recommend them to the notice of those afflicted with the above complaints, conceiving that a Medicine which has now stood the test of experience for several years cannot be too generally known. They are composed entirely of balsamic and vegetable ingredients, and are so speedy in their bene-ficial effects, that in ordinary cases a few doses have been found sufficient; and, unlike most Cough Medicines, they neither affect the head, confine the bowels, nor produce any of the unpleasant sensations so frequemly complained of. The following cases are submitted to the Public from many in the Proprietor's possession:-K. Boke, of. Globelane, Mile-end, was perfectly cured of a violent cough, attended with hoarseness, which rendered his speech inaudible, by taking three or four doses. E. Bogley, of Queenstreet, Spitalfields, after taking a few doses, was entirely -cured of a most inveterate cough, which he had had for many months, and tried almost every thing without success. Prepared by W. Walter, and sold by I. A. Sharwood, No. 55, Bishopsgate, Without, in boxes, at Is. 14d. and three in one for 2s. 9d.; and by appointment, by Haunay and Co., No. 63, Oxtord-street; Green, No, 42, WhiteIslington; Pink, No. 65, High-street, Borough; Allison, chapel-road; Prout, No. 226, Strand; Sharp, Cross-street, No. 130, Brick lane, Bethnal-green; Farrar, Upton-place, Commercial-road; Hendebourek, 326, Holborn; and by all the wholesale and retail Medicine Venders in the United Kingdom.-N.B. In consequence of the increased dentana for this excellent Medicine, the Public are cautioned against Counterfeits-none can be genuine unless sigued by I. A. Sharwood on the Government Stamp, and W. Walter on the outside wrapper,-Be sure to ask for." Walter's Aniseed Pills."

FARMAS, SHORTNESCOUGHS,

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THE above engraving represents an encampment of Arabs, of which some further ideas may be formed from the following description of a similar scene in Asia Minor, from Mr. Mac Farlane, published in the Library of Entertaining Knowledge.

"On their journeys, the devidjis always choose, for halting-places, spots that abound in bushes or brakes, where such are to be found; the camels are left at liberty to browse, and their drivers smoke their pipes or go to sleep. There is no danger of the camels escaping, or wandering to any distance; they keep close to the spot where they are set at liberty, and can be rallied and formed in line in a moment. I have more than once seen

When

ner.

this done, by the mere voice. It was at Boudja, a village (a few they rest for the night, they generally miles from Smyrna) where many of the kneel down in a circle-it is rarely con- Franks have their country houses. I was sidered necessary to tie one of their fore- hurrying home, on a very dark night,legs, at the bend of the knee. They al- at the entrance of the village, and, in the ways repose on their knees; and a cu- shadow of a garden wall, I stumbled over rious thing in relation to their natural something, which proved to be a young habits is, that I never saw one of them camel (they accompany their dams on throw himself, even for a moment, on his their journeys almost as soon as they are side. During the night's rest, the di-born), and going forward, I stumbled vidjis generally sleep in the midst of the circle formed by the recumbent camels; if it be a rainy winter night, they will pitch a little tent; but (in this genial climate I speak of, Asia Minor) they nearly always repose, like their quiet beasts, in the open air. I once invaded a primitive dormitory of this sort, in a curious man

again over a sack, and fell headlong through an opening of the "domestic circle into the midst of it, and upon the sleeping dividjis. I suppose they were surprised at the intrusion, but both men and beasts were very civil-the latter, indeed, never moved, and seemed as passive as if I had been falling over roots of trees."

In connexion with the foregoing description, some notice of the natural history and habits of the camel may not be unacceptable to the reader.

enough to deal with the inference thus covertly
intended when the distinction is broadly stated;
stances, orderly, moral, and industrious.
namely, that the whites are, under all circum-

I will prove that free blacks, under every variety of condition, are able and willing to exercise the qualities of social life :—

1st. With respect to the manumitted slaves in our colonies;

2nd. With respect to the maroons, or descendants of runaway slaves;

3rd. With respect to the emancipated slaves of

water. This facility of abstaining from
drink is not an effect of habit alone, but
is rather dependant on their physical
structure. Besides the four stomachs,
which are common to ruminating animals,
the camel is provided with a fifth bag,
which serves as a reservoir for water. This
fifth stomach is peculiar to the camel. It
is so large as to contain a vast quantity
of water, which remains in it without cor-
rupting or mingling with the other ali-Hayti, Mexico, &c.
ments. When the animal is pressed with
thirst, or has need of fluid to macerate its
dry food, it causes a part of the con-
tents of this reservoir to rise into the up-instance of these people having any relief from
per apartments of the stomach, and even
as high as the throat, by the simple con-
traction of certain muscles. It is by this
singular construction that the camel is
enabled to pass several days without
drinking; and to take, at a time, a pro-
digious quantity of water, which remains,
in this natural cistern, pure and limpid.
Travellers have sometimes, when much
oppressed with drought, been obliged to
kill their camels, in order to obtain a sup-
ply from these reservoirs.

FUTILITY OF THE OBJECTIONS
TO THE

4th. With respect to the native Africans. 1st. In our West India Colonies there are about 100,000 free persons of colour, who are either manumitted slaves, or the descendants of such. In some of the islands there is not a single the public, and, throughout the whole, the number who received relief in a period of five years, was at the rate of 1 in 370; while, in the same period, the number of whites who received aid as paupers, was as 1 in 40.*

The testimony of the colonial authorities concurs with statistical facts in proof of the orderly, mora!, and industrious habits of these free

negroes.

circumstances the least favourable to any improve2nd. The maroons of Jamaica, though under ment, are, nevertheless, sufficiently industrious to maintain themselves in such a manner that the population increases rapidly. Those of them who were established at Sierra Leone, in 1800, “have shown an aptness which gives them the first place in the colony as tradesmen." +

3rd. Hayti, however, presents the most triumphant refutation of the aspersions cast upon the black race. There, nearly 500,000 slaves,

This class of animals is divided into two principal species; the dromedary, or Arabian camel, distinguished by one bunch or protuberance on its back, and the Bactrian camel, which has two, but is in other respects like the former. Asia is, no doubt, their original country, and here we have mention made of them, in the Sacred Writings, at a very early period. The remarkable adaptation of their physical structure to the peculiarities of climate and soil in their native regions, and their great docility and power of endurance, have made them, perhaps, the most valuable auxiliaries to man that are to be found among inferior animals. Their feet are so formed as to tread lightly on a dry and shifting soil; their nostrils have the power of closing, so as to shut out the sand when the wind raises and scatters it in the desert; and, above all, this animal is provided with an apparatus for retaining water in its stomach, so that it can march from well to well, without great inconvenience, although they be several hundred miles apart. With these advantages, it is not surprising that it should ever have been considered by the Ara- IMMEDIATE ABOLITION OF COLONIAL suddenly emancipated, have so improved their bians, to whom it is most useful, as a sacred animal, bestowed by Heaven for their use. Indeed, from the time of Job to the present day, camels have constituted the staple, and the criterion of the wealth of Arabia; for without them the Arabs could neither travel, trade, nor subsist. They use their milk and flesh for food, and make stuffs for clothing and other furniture from their hair, which is fine and soft, and which is completely renewed every year. Besides this, their power of supporting the fatigues of travelling makes them of great value, in case of invasion, to their wandering owners, whom they can in one day remove "The slaves are idle and dissolute:" we admit 150 miles into the desert, and so effec-it fully and freely. How should they be other-lowed by desolation. tually cut off all approach from their wise? What inducements have they to be industrious, temperate, and chaste? But they are idle only when working for their masters. They supgreat mistake to suppose that the slaves are altoport themselves by voluntary labour. It is a gether fed by the masters. And if they do now labour with unremitting toil in order to procure necessary food for themselves and families, will they not continue to do so? It is clear that the negroes must either work or plunder. And it is not conceivable that the same means by which the slaves are restrained should be inadequate to the

enemies.

But it is in commerce that their services are most important. The caravans, or large companies in which the merchants travel, always consist of more camels than men. The largest of these animals will carry a burthen of a thousand, or even twelve hundred, pounds' weight, and the smallest from six to seven hundred, and, with these loads, they walk about thirty miles a day. When in a rich country, or fertile meadow, they eat, in less than an hour, as much as serves them to ruminate the whole night, and to nourish them for twenty-four hours. They seem, however, happily to prefer the nettles, and prickly plants, which they more commonly meet with, to richer herbage; and, when they can get plants of any kind, they easily dispense with

SIR,

SLAVERY.

You ask me for answers to the following objections, which are urged against the immediate the compass of a letter I can only state the matter emancipation of the slaves in our colonies. In shortly. It is urged that

I. "The slaves are idle and dissolute, and would not work to support themselves."

condition that the population has doubled itself in the course of 30 years. Let it never be forgotten, that it was at the latter end of the year 1793 that the slaves in St. Domingo were emancipated; that the massacres, and burnings, and plunderings, took place before; and that Malenfaut, in 1794, states that" After this public act of emancipation, the negroes remained quiet, both in the south and in the west, and they continued to work upon all the plantations." He further says, that The colony flourished under Toussaint. The whites lived happily, and in peace, upon their estates; and the negroes continued to work for them." This state of things is up to 1802. It was the attempt after this to re-establish The two last are merely appendages to the first slavery which led to the devastation that expelled proposition; and, if this be a gratuitous hypothe-the whites, and destroyed the capital embarked sis resting upon no facts, but derived from a false in the cultivation of the soil, and the manufacture of sugar. Here, then, is the fact upon which it analogy, the remainder falls to the ground. is falsely assumed that emancipation will be fol

islands, or their personal safety would be en-
II. "The whites would be driven from the
dangered."

III. "The capital of the planters would be de-
stroyed, and the commerce and manufactures of
this country greatly injured."

preservation of order amongst the same men when

free.

the slaves have not a proper sense of the benefits
It is a mistake, however, to suppose that
of social order. The present race of slaves in our

West India colonies have either been born there,

or have been there from so early an age that they
than that derived from agriculture. Besides, the
are acquainted with no other mode of subsistence
physical character of these colonies precludes the
exercise of the pastoral life. Hence, to till the
earth is considered by the slave to be an essential

condition of his existence.

And are negro slaves only characterized by dissolute and licentious habits? It will be time

In the republic of Mexico, the slaves were suddenly emancipated, and I challenge, evidence that the act has been followed by any ill consequences to society.

4th. The concurring testimony of all travellers to the present day respecting the Africans, shows that, in their own country, they are an industrious people, cultivating the earth, even though at the risk of not reaping that they have sown. Wherever the contrary to this is found, it is the effect of the wars, produced mainly by the slave trade, which the slavery of the European colonies excites and maintains.

pation should not be delayed an hour longer than is necessary to give it full and complete effect: meaning thereby," the substitution of a system of judicial restraint for the irresponsible authority of

The conclusion, then, is inevitable, that the slaves are fit for freedom, and that their emanci

the master."

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