3. Write five sentences containing a subject, a transitive verb, an object, and an adverb; as, " Louise studied her grammar faithfully."

4. Write five sentences containing a verb in the infinitive mood; as, I tried to learn my lesson."

5. Write five sentences in which the subject will contain two nouns connected by the conjunction and; as, "The lion and the tiger are the fiercest of animals."

LESSON XLIII.

VARIETY OF ARRANGEMENT.

How may we obtain variety in a succession of sentences? By employing a different arrangement of the words or clauses, or a different construction.

When the variety consists in the arrangement, what is it called?

Variety of Arrangement.

When the variety consists in a difference of construction, what is it called?

Variety of Expression.

EXERCISE.

Arrange the words in the following sentences differently, but in such a way that the meaning may remain the same:

EXAMPLE. The night was dark.

Paris is the capital of France.

Transposed. Dark was the night.

The capital of France is Paris.

1. Furious was the storm.

2. Mournfully the wind waved among the branches. 3. The longest river in Europe is the Volga.

4. Than virtue nothing is lovelier.

5. Here lies the lamented Warren.

6. Grammar teaches us to speak correctly, and to write accurately.

7. Of ancient traders, the first and most expert were the Phoenicians.

8. Formerly, it required a week for a person to go from New-York to Albany.

9. From Corsica the Carthaginians obtained honey and raisins.

10. At last summer has set in.

11. Suddenly a shout arose.

12. We cannot prize a good character too highly. 13. Perhaps you left it at home.

14. The sheriff seized his prisoner roughly.

15. Do you not know me, Mary?

16. How careful ought we to be to avoid vice!

17. Let me go, I beseech you.

18. Generally, the North American Indians are dressed in buffalo-skins.

19. There hangs the picture of my father 20. Here stands your servant.

LESSON XLIV.

VARIETY OF ARRANGEMENT.

EXERCISE.

ARRANGE the clauses in the following sentences differently, but in such a way that the meaning

may remain the same. The pupil must remember to make such changes in the punctuation as may be required by the transposition.

EXAMPLE. Well pleased with my visit, I returned home. Transposed. I returned home, well pleased with my

visit.

1. Never put off till to-morrow what you can do to-day.

2. Sir Isaac Newton, one of the greatest mathematicians the world has ever produced, was born in Woolsthorpe, England, on Christmas day, a. D. 1642.

3. Cæsar, after having reached the pinnacle of human greatness, perished by assassination.

4. My good friend, where are you going?

5. Washington is buried at Mount Vernon on the banks of the Potomac River.

6. During the night, the enemy moved their camp. 7. She sunk down in the road, exhausted by fatigue. 8. Cannon were first used about 500 years ago, at the battle of Cressy.

9. By the code of Lycurgus, all the Spartans were compelled to eat at a common table.

10. In every part of Europe, we find the French language spoken.

11. While the clouds thus hid the moon from view, I heard a loud groan.

12. Improve every moment while you are in school. 13. We must strive hard, if we wish to excel. 14. If Columbus had been less persevering, the Western Continent might not yet have been discovered.

15.. By the enterprising merchants of Venice, the first bank was established.

16. Although surrounded by comforts and luxuries, we may be unhappy.

17. Vasco de Gama, a Portuguese navigator, in 1497, discovered the passage to India around the Cape of Good Hope.

18. The Saxons reduced the greater part of Britain under their sway.

19. Herod was carried to his sepulchre on a bier of gold.

20. With a single stroke of his paw, a lion can break the back of a horse.

LESSON XLV.

VARIETY OF EXPRESSION.

THERE are a number of ways of altering the construction of a sentence, so as to insure variety of expression. To what sentences does the first of these apply?

The first method that we shall consider, applies to sentences that contain a subject, a transitive verb, and an object; as, "Cæsar conquered Pompey."

How may the construction be altered, without changing the meaning?

By making the object the subject, altering the form of the verb, and introducing the subject after the preposition by. The sentence given above, altered thus, would read, "Pompey was conquered by Cæsar."

EXERCISE

Alter the following sentences in the manner de

scribed above, being careful to have them retain the same meaning:

EXAMPLE. Virtue alone produces happiness.

All who know you will admire and respect you. Altered. Happiness is produced by virtue alone. You will be admired and respected by all who know you.

1. The ancient Egyptians embalmed the bodies of the dead.

2. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the attraction of gravitation.

3. A courtier of Charles VI. of France invented cards, to amuse the king during his hours of melancholy.

4. Integrity secures the esteem of the world.

5. If the British had subdued our forefathers, we would now be under the dominion of a king.

6. Astronomers calculate eclipses with wonderful precision.

7. Government honored this able statesman with a pension for life.

8. The Chinese may have used gunpowder ages ago. 9. An agent will furnish visitors with maps of the grounds.

10. The cackling of a flock of geese prevented Brennus from taking the citadel of Rome.

11. What great effects may trifling causes produce! 12. An irresistible charge on the part of Murat's gal lant cavalry, decided the victory.

13. Two ruffians have attacked and killed an unarmed traveller.

14. A strict government will enforce the laws.

16. Mersennus says that a little child, with a machine