Form and spell the derivatives that are obtained by adding the suffix er to the primitives, chat, họt, spin, win. Repeat the rule that relates to the final consonant of any word accented on the last syllable. Rule III. The final consonant of any word accented on the last syllable, if preceded by a single vowel, is doubled before a suffix beginning with a vowel; as, debar, debarring. Debar is accented on the last syllable; the final consonant, r, is preceded by a single vowel, and is doubled before the suffix ing. Form and spell the derivatives that are obtained by adding the suffix ed to the primitives, abhor, rebut, remit, permit. Repeat the rule that relates to y final. Rule IV. The final y of a primitive word, when preceded by a consonant, is changed into i, before a suffix which does not commence with i; as, glory, glorious. The final y of glory is preceded by the consonant r, and is changed into i before the suffix ous, which does not commence with i. When the suffix commences with i, the final y remains unchanged; as, glory, glorying. When y final is preceded by a vowel, is it changed into i upon the addition of a suffix? No; it remains unchanged; as, joy, joyous; play, playing. EXERCISE. Under Rule I. Write out the derivatives that are obtained by adding the suffix ing to the following words: rule, trace, strike, bite, invite, plunge, censure, tolerate, unite, blame, rebuke, allure. Under Rule II. Write out the derivatives that are obtained by adding the suffix ed to the following words: pin, shun, plot, plan, spot, tan, dip, fit, sin, thin, hop, jar. Under Rule III. Write out the derivatives that are obtained by adding the suffix ing to the following words: begin, unpin, abet, debar, occur, admit, confer, recur, compel, unfit, dispel, deter. Under Rule İV. Write out the derivatives that are obtained by adding the suffix ed to the following words: cry, try, fry, deny, multiply, terrify, dry, busy, copy, defy, empty, remedy. Miscellaneous Exercise. Write out the derivatives that are obtained by adding the suffix ing to the following words: brave, destroy,* play, charge, judge, employ, annoy, stay, permit, unbar, refer, number,† profit, alter, propel, flatter, mar, stir, transmit, drive, justify, decry, say. LESSON XXXVI. SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. You have now learned how to punctuate, and when it is proper to use capital letters; you have also had rules for the formation of such derivatives as are not in the dictionary. You are, therefore, prepared to make sentences of your own. * Observe that here a vowel comes before y final; other words like this will be given. + Observe that this word is accented on the first syllable; the final consonant, therefore, is not doubled. Other words like this will be given. Remember that the final y remains unchanged before a suffix commencing with i. What is a sentence? A sentence is such an assemblage of words as makes complete sense. Of how many parts does every sentence consist? Of two parts, subject and predicate. What is the subject of a sentence? The subject of a sentence is that respecting which something is affirmed. What is the predicate? The predicate is that which is affirmed respecting the subject. Select the subject and predicate in the sentence, ance leads to destruction." "Intemper Intemperance is the subject, because something is affirmed respecting it; leads to destruction is the predicate, because it affirms something about the subject, intemperance. What part of speech affirms? A verb. What must there be, then, in every sentence? Before beginning to write sentences of your own, it will be well for you to learn the following directions, which, if carefully attended to, will be found of great service. I. Be sure to use punctuation-points and capitals, according to the rules which have been given. II. Take care that every word is spelled correctly; use your dictionary whenever you are in doubt, and apply the four rules that relate to the formation of derivative words. III. If you date your composition, put a comma after the name of the place, a comma after the day of the month, and a period after the year; thus, New-York, November 1, 1850. IV. Never write in a hurry, or carelessly; but do your best to make each composition better than the preceding one. V. After you have written your composition, look over it with care, in order to correct whatever errors you may have committed, in punctuation, in spelling, or in style. EXERCISE. Write sentences containing the following words. When you can, introduce two or more of the words into the same sentence. EXAMPLE. Write sentences containing the words, day, hour, moment, friendship, neglect. Sentences. Each day, each hour, each moment, should be diligently improved. Cultivate the friendship of the good. EXAMPLE. Write sentences containing the words, severe affliction, walking alone. Sentences. The loss of his fortune was a severe afflic tion. While walking alone in the woods, I met a panther. Hard study. A strong dislike. No confidence can be placed. Where the house now stands. On the ocean. I A dangerous undertaking. Ignorance and vice. would rather. Those who do their duty. Begging in the street. Geography furnishes us. Astronomy teaches us. Birds' nests. A storm at sea. To preserve our health. It is hard work. The life of the merchant. Fought bravely. Produces happiness. A large clock. The tops of high mountains. A band of robbers. If it rain. When my father returns. Are very useful. We seldom see. Always show respect. Large farms produce. Exercises in composition. Very important. LESSON XXXVIII. SENTENCES CONTAINING RELATIVE AND PARTICIPIAL CLAUSES. WHAT is a relative clause ? What is a participial clause ? Who, which, and that, are relative pronouns; what is to be observed in using them? Who is used, when the antecedent is the name of a person; which, when it is the name of an inferior animal, or an object without life; that is used indiscriminately in either case; thus, the boy who |