contain any of these clauses; as, "I love my mother."

ORAL EXERCISE.

Tell to what class each of the following sentences belongs. When a clause occurs, tell what kind of a clause it is.

1. Oh! for a lodge in some vast wilderness!

2. There are men in the world, who are dead to every generous impulse.

3. Have you heard the news that has just been received by the steamer?

4. Rising from his seat, the monarch gazed around; and, darting a look of scorn on his humbled courtiers, bade them leave his presence till they should become honest men.

5. My son, do you indulge in anger?

6. O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? 7. Who ever hears of fat men heading a riot, or herding together in turbulent mobs?

8. It is chiefly through books that we enjoy intercourse with superior minds.

9. The ship being now under sail, the shore began to recede rapidly from our sight.

10. Lord Hastings, who had borne himself most bravely throughout the whole battle, escaped with a slight wound. 11. James, whom I sent to the river an hour ago, has not yet returned.

12. What an accident! Did you ever witness a scene like this?

13. Where Freedom rears her banner, a new empire has arisen.

PUNCTUATION.

LESSON XXIII.

PERIOD, INTERROGATION POINT, EXCLAMATION

POINT.

WHAT is Punctuation?

Punctuation is the art of dividing written language by points, in order that the meaning may be readily understood.

What are the characters used in Punctuation?

Learn these characters perfectly, so that you can make them on the black-board. Turn to the oral exercise at the end of the last lesson, and mention the names of the points as they occur. Where should the period be used?

A period should be placed after every declarative and imperative sentence; as, "The child is asleep." The period is also used to denote an abbreviation; thus, when we write Dr for Doctor, or Geo for George, we must use a period—Dr., Geo. Where should the interrogation point be used?

An interrogation point should be placed after every interrogative sentence; as, "Have you been to Ohio ?"

Where should the exclamation point be used?

An exclamation point should be placed after every exclamatory sentence, and after every interjection except 0; as, "Alas! woe is me!"

EXERCISE.

Write the following sentences, and insert periods, interrogation points, and exclamation points, in their proper places.

EXAMPLE.

earth

Alas true friendship has departed from

Punctuated. Alas! true friendship has departed from

earth.

1. Hark the bee winds her small but mellow horn 2. What art thou doing Is revenge so sweet

3. Ha at the gates what grisly forms appear

4. Farewell ye gilded follies welcome ye silent groves 5. What would I have you do I'll tell you, kinsman; learn to be wise

6. Canst thou not sing Send forth a hymn of praise 7. No more I'll hear no more Begone

8. How dead the vegetable kingdom lies

9. The village dogs bark at the early pilgrim

10. Can you recall time that is gone Why then do you not improve the passing moments

11. A brave man knows no fear

12. Both stars and sun will fade.

soul of man die

away; but can the

13. Oh horrible thought Ah woe is me.

14. Dr Johnson was a learned man

15. New Holland contains many singular species of birds

LESSON XXIV.

COLON AND SEMICOLON.

MAKE a colon on the black-board.

Where should the colon be placed?

The colon should be placed between clauses that have very little connection; and after the words, thus, following, or as follows, when reference is made by them to something coming after; as, "The Squire next ascended the platform, and spoke as follows: 'Gentlemen and ladies,'" &c.

Make a semicolon on the black-board.

For what is the semicolon used?

The semicolon is used to separate long clauses, and such as are not very closely connected; as, "I perceive the difference; it is very obvious."

SPECIAL RULES.

Rule I. When several long clauses follow each other, all having common dependence on some other clause, they are separated by semicolons; as, "I love to wander through the fields; to see the vegetable world spring into life; to gaze upon the beauties which God has so lavishly dif fused; and through the creature to commune with the Creator."

Rule II. When examples are introduced by the word as, a semicolon is placed before as; for an example, see the preceding rule.

EXERCISE.

Write the following sentences, and insert periods,

i

interrogation points, exclamation points, colons, and semicolons, where they are required :

EXAMPLE. He has arrived he sounds his bugle at the gates Shall we admit him

Punctuated. He has arrived; he sounds his bugle at the gates. Shall we admit him?

1. The warrior spoke as follows "O man heavy with wine why dost thou thus keep prattling'

2. Do not insult a poor man his misery entitles him to pity

3. Some books are to be read others are to be studied while many may be entirely neglected with positive advantage

4. His last words were as follows "Farewell may Heaven prosper thee in thy perilous enterprise

5. If the sacred writers will take up their abode under my roof if Milton will cross my threshold, to sing to me of Paradise if Shakspeare will open to me the fields of imagination I shall not pine for want of company

6. Beauty is an all-pervading presence It unfolds in the flowers of spring it waves in the branches of the trees it haunts the depths of the earth and sea

7. Gentle reader, have you ever sailed on the sparkling waters of the Mississippi

LESSON XXV.

COMMA.

MAKE a comma on the black-board.

For what is the comma used?

The comma is used to separate short clauses, or such as are closely connected, but, in consequence