EXERCISE. Complete the following sentences by inserting a participle-in place of the dash: EXAMPLE. The day journey. fair, we started on our Completed. The day being fair, we started on our journey. 1. Moses, his lessons, recited them well. 2. We saw a boy 3. Dinner in the river. จ the party sat down. 4. The carriage having been broken, Robert has taken it to the blacksmith's, to get it 5. My dog sick, I could not go a hunting. of a house. 7. My friend, while and seriously injured. from the top out on horseback, was thrown 8. I saw the American flag from the City Hall. in the street. we are about to move into it. and 9. You may often see bad boys 10. Our house 11. The merchant spends his time in goods. 12. Gas is useful for 13. Oxen are used for 14. Ships, while violent storms. streets and houses. wagons. on the ocean, often encounter 15. The weather is cold, and we must have a fire 16. From this eminence my eyes upon the vast plain that lay before me, I saw a herd of buffaloes amid the long prairie-grass, and a group of wild away in the far distance. horses LESSON XXI. A REVIEW. [For the answers to the following questions, see Lessons XV. XVII., XVIII., XIX., and XX.] WHAT is the subject of a verb? How may you find the subject of a verb? What may a verb have for its subject? What is the object of a verb? What are transitive verbs? What are intransitive verbs? What other part of speech, besides transitive verbs, may have an object? How may you find the object of a verb or preposition? What is a pronoun ? Name the four classes of pronouns. What is a personal pronoun? Mention the personal pronouns. Mention the relative pronouns. What is an interrogative pronoun? Mention the interrogative pronouns. What is an adjective pronoun? Mention some of the principal adjective pronouns. What is a relative clause ? What is the antecedent of a relative pronoun ? What is a participle? How many participles has a transitive verb? an intransitive verb ? Mention the participles of the verb ask. Mention those of the verb dream. What is a participial clause ? EXERCISE. Where the dash occurs, put in one or more words, as may be required to complete the sense. THE TAME BEAR. Hans Christian Andersen, the German writer, tells story of a tame bear, which broke us the following loose while the man exhibiting him was din and ner. He made his way to public house, went straight where there were three children, the nose, but he did not The cor and rubbed them with When the children they thought it was a big dog, and they patted, The eldest boy now and his drum, No sooner did the bear and began to dance. The boys had been playing at soldiers before They gave the bear a gun, too, and he like a regular militia-man. Then they marched; what a fine comrade ! Presently, however, the door again. It was the children's mother. You should have seen her; her face and she trembled with fear when she was white as Then the smallest ran up to her, and -, play shouted, Mamma, mamma, we have had such ing soldier!'" LESSON XXII. SENTENCES, PHRASES, CLAUSES, APPOSITION. WHAT is a sentence? A sentence is such an assemblage of words as makes complete sense. How many kinds of sentences are there, and what are they? Four kinds; declarative, imperative, interroga. tive, and exclamatory. What is a declarative sentence? A declarative sentence is one in which something is declared; as, "It rains." What is an imperative sentence? An imperative sentence is one in which permission is given, or a command, an exhortation, or an entreaty uttered; as, "Let it rain." What is an interrogative sentence? An interrogative sentence is one in which a question is asked; as, "Does it rain ?" What is an exclamatory sentence? An exclamatory sentence is one that contains an exclamation; as, "How it rains!" Make two declarative sentences; two imperative; two interrogative; two exclamatory. What is a phrase ?* A phrase is a combination of words which separately have no connection, either in construction or sense, with other words in the sentence, but which, when taken together, convey a single idea, and may be construed as a single word. Thus; "James, in short, has become a hermit,"-in this sentence, in short is a phrase. What is a clause ? A clause is a combination of words which separately may or may not be connected in construction *Note to the teacher.-It seems impossible to define the terms phrase and clause without employing a great many words. The teacher must exercise his discretion as to whether these definitions shall be committed to memory, or not. The pupil must, however, understand them perfectly, so as to be able to select phrases and clauses as they occur in sentences. with other words in the sentence: if so connected, they assert some additional circumstance respecting the leading proposition; as, "James, who had been on the watch, espied a sail :" if not so connected, they assert an entirely independent proposition; as, Stephen sailed for Florida, but he was wrecked on the voyage. In these sentences the words in italics are clauses. What is a relative clause? A clause containing a relative pronoun; as, "James, for whom I felt so much anxiety, has arrived." What is a participial clause? A clause containing a participle; as, "The rest of the company having arrived, we went to dinner." What is an adverbial clause? A clause that performs the office of an adverb, and generally expresses time, place, or manner; as, "A thousand years hence, all these things will have passed away." What is a vocative clause? A clause containing the name of an object addressed, with its adjuncts; as, "My dear friend, I hope to meet you soon." When is one noun said to be in apposition with another? When it refers to the same object, and is in the same construction; as, "Paul, the Apostle"-Apostle is in apposition with Paul. May more than one of the clauses enumerated above, occur in the same sentence ? They may. Does every sentence contain one of these clauses? No; there are some simple sentences that do not |