4. In a garden we see many flowers; the violet, and the lily.

rose, the

5. We live in a

6. I saw a company of

soldiers, well armed with

rifics.

7. He has walked a

distance, and is

8. Be to your teachers, and to your pa

and

12. In the West Indies they have very

storms. The climate is considered

weather

for

LESSON VI.

VERBS.

WHAT is the fifth part of speech called?

The VERB.

In the sentence, "Jane eats cake," which word tells us what Jane does?

Eats.

In the sentence, "Mary sleeps," which word tells us the state Mary is in ?

Sleeps.

What do we call eats and sleeps?

Verbs.

What is a Verb?

A Verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being.

In the sentence, "John is good," what part of speech is John, and why? what is is, and why? what is good, and why?

Mention in order the verbs in the following sentences.

Oxen are large and strong animals; they submit to the yoke, plough the fields, and draw heavy carts. The farmer fattens them, and kills them for food, and takes them to market.

EXERCISE.

Where a dash occurs, insert a verb that will complete the sense.

EXAMPLE. The oak a firm root, and the winter storm.

Completed. The oak has a firm root, and resists the

3. A farmer

travellers when

a snake, almost frozen to death,

under a hedge; moved with compassion, he

it to his house, and

sooner did the heat

upon his wife,

it up,

it near the fire. No

to revive it, than the snake. one of his children, and

the whole family into terror and confusion.

ful wretch!"

to

the farmer; "I find it

"Ungrate

useless

favors on the undeserving." With these words

a hatchet, and the snake into pieces.

he

In the sentence, "George struggled hard," what word tells

how he struggled ?

Hard.

Then hard is joined to, or modifies, what word?

The verb struggled.

What part of speech, then, is hard?

An adverb.

Are adverbs ever joined to any other words besides verbs? Yes; adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

66

In the sentence, George struggled very hard," what word tells how hard George struggled ?

Very.

Then very is joined to hard; what part of speech is hard?
An adverb.

Then since very is joined to the adverb hard, what part of speech is it?

An adverb.

In the sentence," John is very obedient," to what word is very joined ?

To the adjective obedient.

What part of speech is it, then?

An adverb.

What is an adverb?

An Adverb is a word used to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

Select the adverbs in the following sentences, and tell what words they modify.

1. John walks gracefully.

2. He studies very hard, and stands well in his class. 3. I like him very much.

Mention some of the principal classes of adverbs.

1. Adverbs of manner, which end for the most part in ly; as, swiftly, boldly, quickly, slowly, handsomely, &c. 2. Adverbs of time; as, now, then, yesterday, to-day to-morrow, immediately, often, always, never, ever, again, soon, seldom, hitherto, &c.

3. Adverbs of place; as, here, there, hither, thither, whither, hence, thence, where, and its compounds nowhere, elsewhere, everywhere, &c.

4. Adverbs of quantity; as, much, little, enough, &c. 5. Adverbs of degree; as, very, almost, nearly, &c. What other words express manner, and are therefore liable to be confounded with adverbs of manner?

Adjectives.

What is the difference between them?

An adjective is used to describe a noun; an

adverb, to describe or modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

How can you tell them apart?

When a word expressing manner is joined to a noun or pronoun, it is an adjective; when it is joined to a verb, adjective, or adverb, it is an adverb.

EXERCISE.

Make a list, in order, of the adjectives that occur in the following sentences. Make a separate list of the adverbs, in order.

1. I will assist you most cheerfully, if you will be careful and attentive.

2. Those who are virtuous may not always be happy here, but they will certainly receive their reward hereafter. 3. Large armies generally march slowly.

4. He who forms conclusions too quickly, often forms them incorrectly.

5. If you are attentive, you will learn grammar very fast.

6. I have heard better singing to-day than I ever heard before

7. He who tries hard, seldom fails to succeed.

8. Quicksilver is a very valuable metal; it has hitherto been imported chiefly from Spain, Germany, and Peru.

9. The Portuguese were once the most enterprising navigators of Europe; they founded colonies in many parts of the world, before totally unknown.

10. The Bedouin Arabs are, for the most part, small, ineagre, and tawny.

11. The early hours of sleep are the most sweet and refreshing.