Nouns. What is a Noun ? A Noun is the name of any person, place, or thing; as, James, Boston, bench. To show that you understand this, mention three nouns, the names of persons; three, the names of places; three, the names of things. How many classes of nouns are there? Two; Common and Proper. What is a common noun ? A common noun is a name that distinguishes one class of things from another; as, man, city, river. What is a proper noun ? A proper noun is a name that distinguishes one individual of a class from another; as, Byron, Brooklyn, Hudson. How do proper nouns always commence? With a capital letter. Is chair a proper or a common noun? lion? George? Alps? Connecticut? factory? Wednesday? summer? EXERCISE. Write out a list of the nouns in the following sentences, commencing the common nouns with small letters, and the proper nouns with capitals. 1. George is going to Boston on Monday. 2. Many towns and villages are situated on the Mohawk. 3. Victoria is queen of England. 4. We like the city better than the country. 5. Grammar is an important study. 6. Bees make honey, and lay it up in hives. Complete the following sentences by inserting in place of the dash,* a noun, common or proper, as the sense may require. The teacher, in correcting the exercises, will see that the punctuation of the book is followed. Rules on this subject will be furnished hereafter. 7. EXAMPLE. are ripe in summer. Completed. Blackberries are ripe in summer. is one of the United States of America. 8. In summer, the heat of the are unable to endure the and retire into the of; he has are small, but 9. The elephant is one of the largest a rough of a dark ; his bright and penetrating; he moves his like a fan, to drive away flies from his With his trunk he When he is tamed he obeys his will kneel to receive a to live more than a hundred Elephants are said WHEN I say, LESSON IV. PRONOUNS. "John learns his lesson," what does the word his stand for? John's. How would the sentence read, if we should use John's instead of his? John learns John's lesson. *NOTE. A dash is a short horizontal line -). What part of speech is John's, and why? A noun; because it is the name of a person. What is a Pronoun ? A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun. Why is a pronoun used instead of a noun ? Because it would not sound well to have the noun repeated too often. Give an example. John respects John's father, John's mother, and John's teacher. How does this sentence read, when the pronoun is used instead of John's? What are some of the principal pronouns ? I, my, mine, me, we, our, ours, us, thou, thy, thine, thee, you, your, yours, he, his, him, she, her, hers, it, its, they, their, theirs, them, who, which, that. Mention the pronouns in the following sentences, and, as you name each, tell the noun for which it stands. I 1. James, who had studied hard, recited his lesson well. 2. Mary is a good girl, for she obeys her parents. 3. Be virtuous, and you will obtain your reward. 4. James and George have performed the task which gave them. What is a noun ? What is a pronoun ? Mention again some of the pronouns that are most in use. EXERCISE. Where a dash occurs, insert the proper pronoun. EXAMPLE. This apple is mine, but to will give it you. Completed. This apple is mine, but I will give it to 7. We gave the poor woman a penny, and she put 10. I will give you a handsome prize, if diligent boy and attend to-- — duties. are a 11. The man is honest will be respected by all acquaintances. 12. Washington, in youth, and throughout whole life, adhered strictly to the truth, and thus set an example which ought to follow. 13. If we think we never do wrong, selves, for almost every moment deceive our are guilty of sin. 14. We ought to remember the favors which are con 15. Nature is before us, and invites plate the greatness and goodness of to contem Creator. 16. Miss Pardoe, in book of Travels, gives many interesting particulars respecting the Turks, their habits, religion, and government. that one of the most attractive features in is the respect they entertain for the aged. says character LESSON V. ADJECTIVES. WHAT is the fourth part of speech called? The ADJECTIVE. In the sentence, "Be a good boy," which word is a noun ? Which word describes boy, or tells what kind of a boy is meant? Good. What is good called? What is an Adjective? An Adjective is a word used to describe or limit a noun or pronoun; as, a bad man, an active child, John is obedient; in these sentences, bad, active, and obedient are adjectives. What do adjectives sometimes express besides quality? Number; as, three men, the fourth row; three and fourth are adjectives. What are adjectives that express number, called ? Mention three adjectives. Mention three numeral adjectives. EXERCISE. Complete the following sentences by inserting an adjective in place of each dash. No adjective must be repeated; find a new one in each case. EXAMPLE. A cow. With an adjective inserted, a fat cow; or, a lean cow; or, a small cow; or, a white cow. 1. It is a day; the weather is |