19. Officers who, under previous instructions of the department, have signified their desire to take a course of instruction in marine engine design with a view to specializing in that branch will renew their application should they desire to avail themselves of the opportunity offered by this order, as the system hereby established replaces that previously contemplated.

G. v. L. MEYER,
Secretary of the Navy.

The School of Marine Engineering opened October 1, 1909. Since that time 16 student officers have been graduated therefrom, and 18 are now taking the course.

Before the establishing of this school the department entered extensively into consultation with prominent educators and eminent engineers, and every effort was made to develop this school into an institution of maximum usefulness. The following gentlemen are especially mentioned as having extended advice and assistance to the Navy Department and to the head of the school:

Prof. H. W. Spangler, of the University of Pennsylvania.
Dean M. E. Cooley, of the University of Michigan.

Prof. I. N. Hollis, Harvard.

Mr. W. M. McFarland.

Prof. H. C. Sadler, of the University of Michigan.
Prof. E. M. Bragg, of the University of Michigan.
Dean F. A. Goetze, Columbia University, New York.
Prof. W. T. Magruder, Ohio State University.

Dr. Edgar Buckingham, of the Bureau of Standards.

In October, 1912, it having been decided to greatly extend the scope. of post-graduate studies in the Navy, a post-graduate department, as noted in General Order No. 233, was established at the Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., and the School of Marine Engineering became one of the courses of that department, as noted below.

GENERAL ORDERS,

NAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. C., October 31, 1912.

1. General Orders, No. 27 of June 9, 1909, and other general instructions governing special training courses for officers, in so far as any of their provisions may conflict with those following, are hereby superseded.

2. A postgraduate department is hereby established at the Naval Academy, separate from the academic departments and independent of the academic board. It shall be governed by an executive council for postgraduate courses, composed of the Superintendent of the Naval Academy, the head of the postgraduate department, the heads of the academic departments of marine engineering and naval construction, ordnance and gunnery, electrical engineering, mathematics and mechanics, and physics and chemistry, the head of the engineering experiment station, a naval constructor, and a civil engineer.

3. The council will pass upon administrative questions and upon the merits of the student officers, and have advisory functions in matters of the curriculum. The council will formulate its own rules for procedure, subject to the approval of the Bureau of Navigation, and shall submit to the Bureau of Navigation from time to time such recommendations affecting postgraduate courses as may seem advisable. 4. The head of the postgraduate department will be detailed by the Navy Department. He will direct and conduct the executive and administrative work connected with the postgraduate courses, replacing the head of the school of marine engineering. He will have the same general status as heads of academic departments, and occupy quarters in the Naval Academy of the same class as other heads of departments; but he will not be a member of the academic board nor have any duties in connection with midshipmen.

5. The curriculum for each postgraduate course and any changes in curriculum will be established by the Navy Department, on recommendation of the Bureau of Navigation and the bureau most directly concerned. The facilities and equipment of the Naval Academy and of the engineering experiment station, and the services

of such professors and instructors of the Naval Academy as may be necessary and available shall be at disposal for the purposes of the postgraduate department.

6. The curriculum for each postgraduate course in a technical branch will begin with a four-months' term of study in theoretical and applied mathematics and mechanics, physics, chemistry, laboratory and experimental work, mechanical drawing, principles of industrial management, and those special studies for each branch which are the ones that should be taken up first. The work will be laid out definitely in each study, and the student officers required to follow the schedule. Each study shall be under the general direction of the head of the appropriate academic department, and the student officers shall always have access to such head, or to some professor or instructor designated by him, for guidance and assistance. Examinations shall be held, at such intervals and of such nature as may be found most productive of good results, to test the application, industry, and progress of the student officers. At the close of the first term of four months a thorough examination will be held upon the ground covered, which together with the work accomplished during the term will determine the relative merit of the student officers. The purpose of the first term's closely regulated and directed work is to refresh and strengthen the theoretical knowledge previously acquired by the student officers, train them to method in investigation and experiment, and help them to regain the habit of study and reading all this as necessary preparation for pursuing a chosen branch of specialized study.

7. The second four months will be spent at Annapolis, continuing such work of the first term as may be specified, or elsewhere at governmental or private establishments, or both, in such occupation as required by the curriculum; but the same direction and guidance of each student officer's work, and the same touch with his progress, will continue as in the first term, as far as different circumstances permit. At the close of the second term the relative merit of the student officers will be determined the same as at the end of the first term.

8. After the close of the second term, the student officers whose progress has not been satisfactory will be dropped from the postgraduate course upon recommendation of the executive council, and will be ordered to sea duty.

9. Following the first eight months' work, the student officers will pursue such course of study and investigation as the special curriculum may require or permit. The courses shall be definite and under such control as to enable the head of the postgraduate department to keep fully informed of the employment and progress of each student officer. At the same time, these postgraduate courses shall not be confined to the beaten track only, but, on the contrary, work along original or useful new lines is encouraged. The normal period for the postgraduate course will be altogether two years, but in special cases recommended by the executive council an extension of time may be authorized; and the two-year limitation shall not apply to courses whose main part consists of a standard course pursued at outside educational institutions. 10. At the conclusion of the second year the student officers will be examined on their work accomplished, as shown by theses, reports, data on investigations and experimentation, and other appropriate tests. The cooperation of civilian professors and experts will be sought in establishing suitable standards by which to pass judgment in the various lines of postgraduate work pursued, and the student officers will be given graded certificates accordingly. These certificates will be noted in the officers' records, and appropriately noted also in the Navy Register against their names; and they will be a guide in the assignment of the officers concerned to duty. 11. Officers detailed to postgraduate courses beginning after October, 1912, will be selected, upon the recommendation of the bureaus respectively concerned, from those who apply and are recommended in their reports of fitness for the postgraduate course, provided they have completed not less than three years' sea service and, if then eligible by law, have qualified for promotion to lieutenant, junior grade. The great majority will be selected from those who have just completed three years' sea service (and after 1914 passed for lieutenant, junior grade), but officers of considerably longer service are equally eligible. Officers for the corps of naval constructors and civil engineers will be selected after approximately one and one-half years' sea service after graduation; and those from the class of 1911 will begin their course in February, 1913. The form for reports on fitness now provides for applications and recommendations for postgraduate courses, so that special letters of application are no longer necessary. Inasmuch as the new forms have only recently been issued, applications for the course to begin on February 1, 1913, will be received until December 31, 1912. These details will be made twice yearly, the classes to begin the first-term work at Annapolis on or about October 1 and February 1, respectively.

12. Post graduate courses, begun in October, 1912, will be established under the provisions of this order in ordnance and gunnery, marine engineering, electrical

engineering, radio telegraphy, naval construction, and civil engineering. As soon as the main features shall have been decided upon, a schedule will be published giving an outline of the courses in the various branches of specialization under the general heads named, and showing which courses are to begin with the October term, which with the February term, and stating the educational and other institutions, governmental and private, at which the courses, in the main or in part, will be pursued. The administration and regulation of such of the courses named in this order as are already established will be taken over by the authorities herein constituted as soon as practicable.

13. Student officers at Annapolis will be subject in military regard to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy; but they will not be assigned quarters in the Naval Academy, nor shall they be ordered to any duty unconnected with their courses of study. Elsewhere than at Annapolis they will be subordinate to the commandant of the navy yard or station or other local senior officer.

GENERAL ORDER
No. 234.

G. v. L. MEYER,

Secretary of the Navy.

NAVY DEPARTMENT,

Washington, D. C., November 1, 1912.

1. The numerous missing article surveys which are received by the department from ships evidence a laxness on the part of those charged with the custody of Government property which requires effective correction. The total of these surveys is enormous, and the perfunctory and unqualified finding "no responsibility" is too frequent.

2. It is directed that hereafter each missing article survey be made a matter of most searching and exhaustive investigation by the surveying officer; that in every case the responsibility be definitely fixed or a statement be made showing clearly why such can not be done.

3. When the responsibility is definitely fixed upon a person in the naval service, the officer ordering the survey shall refer it to such person for statement, after which the survey and statement shall be forwarded to the department with comment and recommendation by the officer ordering the survey.

4. In any case where disciplinary action has been taken a note to that effect shall be placed on the face of the survey.

5. When the department considers that surveys indicate that proper care has not been exercised by officers in charge of equipage or stores a statement to this effect will be entered in the record of the officer concerned.

6. Where reports of survey indicate that the proper investigation has not been made by the officer or officers composing the board of survey and clearly show that the board has not fully appreciated its responsibility, the manner of performing the duty will be entered in the record of the officer or officers signing the report of survey and of the officer approving same. In each case the officers concerned will be notified of the department's action.

7. On ships operating under the general storekeeping system, equipage, Title B, in use, shall be directly under the supervision and care of the various heads of ships' departments. In each ship's department there shall be established and maintained by the head of the department a complete custody record of the equipage, Title B, in use in that department, agreeing with the articles on charge as shown by the books of the ship's general storekeeper.

8. Inventories of equipage in use shall be taken at least once a year, certified to by the respective heads of departments taking them and transmitted through the commanding officer to the general storekeeper.

9. In the future, invoices for articles, Title B equipage, which are issued for use upon their receipt aboard, shall bear upon the face of the ship's retained copy an acknowledgment by the head of department concerned that such articles have been received into his custody; articles of equipage issued from the storerooms of the ship's general storekeeper are to be receipted for by the head of department drawing them, or by some person authorized by him.

10. Paragraph 19 of General Order No. 78, of August 19, 1910, is abrogated hereby. 11. Article 525, paragraph 3, as modified by C. N. R. 15, is amended by the addition of the words "and the various heads of departments" in the first line after the word "ship."

BEEKMAN WINTHROP, Acting Secretary of the Navy.

GENERAL ORDER)
No. 235.

NAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, D. C., November 4, 1912.

1. When submitting reports of temporary deficiencies in aids to navigation, as required by article 514, Navy Regulations, 1909, commandants of navy yards and commanding officers of naval vessels shall submit copies of such reports directly to the nearest lighthouse inspector concerned.

2. The addresses of lighthouse inspectors are published in the "Introduction to the Light Lists."

GENERAL ORDER
No. 236.

BEEKMAN WINTHROP, Acting Secretary of the Navy.

NAVY DEPARTMENT,

Washington, D. C., November 4, 1912.

1. Attention is invited to the requirements of General Order No. 186 of May 13, 1912, relative to compliance, January 1, 1913. In view of the lack of uniformity in the outlines of organization as sent in by fleets and unattached vessels it is directed that all vessels of the Navy send in new outlines correct for January 1, 1913. Bureaus and shore stations will either send in new outlines or loose leaves replacing those of July 1, 1912, which have necessarily changed during the intervening six months.

2. It is further directed that fleets and vessels shall follow as far as practicable the specimen sheets which will be sent to commanders in chief and commanding officers of unattached vessels by the board of inspection for shore stations, which board is charged with the collation and submission of the outlines of organization of the naval service and Marine Corps.

3. The chiefs of bureaus and commandant of the Marine Corps will issue such directions respecting details as the outlines received for July 1, 1912, may suggest, to the end that the entire Naval Establishment may be included to the ultimate unit.

4. The above-mentioned specimen sheets are for the purpose of assigning numbers to the several fleets, the unattached vessels and vessels in reserve, etc., and for the further purpose of serving as a guide for the outlining of a ship's organization by means of indentation, or offsetting from the margin.

5. The specific directions contained in paragraph 8, General Order No. 186, will be carefully followed. In outlining divisions on board ship, each officer of the division should be stated not by name but by service title. In some instances the number of division officers only has been stated, without rank. The ranks of the division officer and junior division officers should appear in the outlines of each division. In the case of gun divisions the number and caliber of the guns should be stated as shown in the specimen sheets illustrating the outlines of a gun division.

6. All numbering of pages and numbers in the reference-page column will be done by pencil, as these numbers are subject to change subsequently, due to the possible insertion of additional leaves.

7. The commander in chief of each fleet will, as soon as determined, transmit copies of his fleet organization for January 1, 1913, to the division commanders and captains of vessels in order that the latter may be advised as to the number to be assigned to the different ships.

8. In outlining the different departments of a navy yard, care should be taken to show by means of indentation the head of department or division, and the leading man in the different shops, if such leading man exercises supervision. As an example take the "Machine shop inside" of the machinery division, thus: Machine shop inside:

1. Supervision.

1. Master machinist.

1. Master machinist, ordnance.

2. Quarterman machinist.

3. Leading man machinist.

9. The paper on which the outlines are typewritten will be as specified in General Order No. 186. Colored paper will not be used for the copies intended for transmission to the department.

10. The attention of commandants of shore stations, recruiting officers, branch hydrographic offices, superintending constructors, inspectors of ordnance and machinery, etc., is especially directed to the requirements of paragraph 6, General Order 186, to the end that the outlines may be rendered correct for January 1, 1913.

11. The following table assigns numbers to the several fleets and groups of vessels, viz:

Department of the Navy:

2. The Fleet

1. Atlantic Fleet.

2. Atlantic Submarine Flotilla.

3. Unattached vessels in the Atlantic (general or special service).

Department of the Navy-Continued.

The Fleet-Continued.

4. Atlantic Reserve Fleet.

5. Vessels in reserve, Atlantic coast (not including torpedo groups).

6. Reserve torpedo groups, Atlantic coast (torpedo vessels and submarines). 7. Pacific Fleet.

8. Unattached vessels in the Pacific (general or special service).

9. Pacific Torpedo Flotilla.

10. Pacific Reserve Fleet.

11. Vessels in reserve, Pacific coast (not including torpedo groups).
12. Reserve torpedo groups, Pacific coast (Mare Island).

13. Asiatic Fleet.

14. Fuel ships.

15. Miscellaneous.

1. Bureau of Fisheries.

2. Public marine school ships.
3. Marine-Hospital Service.

BEEKMAN WINTHROP, Acting Secretary of the Navy. NAVY DEPARTMENT,

Washington, D. C., November 6, 1912.

The following Executive order is published for the information and guidance of the naval service.

EXECUTIVE ORDER.

BEEKMAN WINTHROP, Acting Secretary of the Navy.

The Executive order of June 24, 1912, is hereby revoked, and for it is substituted the following:

"Whereas 'An act to establish the flag of the United States,' approved on the 4th of April, 1818, reading as follows:

"SECTION 1. Be it enacted, etc., That from and after the fourth day of July next the flag of the United States be thirteen horizontal stripes, alternate red and white; that the union have twenty stars, white in a blue field.

"SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That on the admission of every new State into the Union, one star be added to the union of the flag; and that such addition shall take effect on the fourth of July next succeeding such admission.”

fails to establish proportions; and

Whereas, investigation shows some sixty-six different sizes of national flags, and of varying proportions, in use in the executive departments;

It is hereby ordered that national flags and union jacks for all departments of the Government, with the exception noted under (a), shall conform to the following proportions:

(a) Exception. The colors carried by troops, and camp colors, shall be the sizes prescribed for the Military Service (Army and Navy).

Limitation of the number of sizes.—With exception of colors under note (a), the sizes of flags manufactured or purchased for Government departments will be limited to those with the following hoists: