The CHAIRMAN. Are any tickets given for any trips on personal business of affairs?

Admiral ANDREWS. Never.

Mr. TRIBBLE. For the passage of officers from their homes to the naval station?

Admiral ANDREWS. No, sir; they do not get them for that. They live away from the station for their own convenience or necessity, and there is no question of car fare in that case. It is simply a question of where the mail messenger, for instance, has to go a little distance or some man is sent on a specific errand on official business. For instance, right here, sometimes we have sent something hurriedly up here to the Committee on Naval Affairs. The messenger of the Bureau of Navigation is given two car tickets, and he comes up here and goes right back; and that practice obtains in all the departments and all the bureaus, because otherwise the messenger would have to pay 10 cents out of his own pocket.

Did I tell you that the the balance for the Great Lakes station is $219.51; but you will notice that on the recommendation of the commandant there

The CHAIRMAN. You have reduced it about $8,000.

Admiral ANDREWS. It has been considerably reduced, and the commandant has an idea that he may be able to reduce it still further in another year. The maintenance appropriation for that station is somewhat larger than for the other stations; but that is due to the newness of the station and getting certain things started there.

The CHAIRMAN. "Naval Training Station, St. Helena; ""Maintenance of St. Helena naval station; labor, material, general care, repair, and improvements, and all other incidental expenses, $25,000.” That is a new item?

Admiral ANDREWS. That is a new item. St. Helena Training Station is a station on the Norfolk Navy Yard reservation. The administration of it is handled by the commanding officer of the receiving ship at Norfolk. They have done unusually good training work in the training of enlisted men there, but have been very much hampered by not having any maintenance appropriation. The results obtained are sufficient to warrant a maintenance appropriation. I think the place should be recognized. It has turned out a lot of good men. It stands next in point of numbers and efficiency to the Newport station and has for years.

The CHAIRMAN. How many men do you ordinarily keep there? Admiral ANDREWS. We have had 1,500 men there; but at the present time it is down to about 600. I can give you the number exactly. The CHAIRMAN. If you do not find it now you can put it in the record.

Admiral ANDREWS. I would like to show you, though, how much they turn out in the year; I have got it here. I will append a statement showing the number of men trained at the various training stations.

Number and disposition of apprentice seamen at the several training stations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1912.

Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Chairman, we have been carrying an appropriation for that training station at St. Helena under some other head. have we not?

Admiral ANDREWS. Yes; yards and docks.

The CHAIRMAN. Yes, we have that in there; we passed that when we had yards and docks.

Mr. ROBERTS. We had $25,000 there under that head.

The CHAIRMAN. Yes; that was for buildings and this is for maintenance.

Mr. ROBERTS. But this is for maintenance and material, general care and improvements. What I am getting at is this--it is the same thing I objected to last year-building up a naval station down there piecemeal.

Admiral ANDREWS. That is true.

Mr. ROBERTS. Instead of taking up the project as a whole and laying out a suitable station and providing adequate buildings at the outset, they are starting in and putting in wholly inadequate buildings, and it is a regular hodgepodge. Now, I am not opposed to a training station down there, but I want to go about establishing it in a businesslike way.

Admiral ANDREWS. It is true it has gone along that way so far, but I had a plan drawn for that station last spring; and it can be proceeded with gradually and very economically. This $25,000 under yards and docks will allow us to attend to the building part. A great deal of the work down there, practically all of it, has been done by the men themselves.

Mr. ROBERTS. I understand; but my recollection of that place and of the appropriation made is that in no single year has there been enough money appropriated to provide a suitable barracks building, or a suitable mess hall, or other buildings suitable for a large training station.

Admiral ANDREWS. That is true.

The CHAIRMAN. They have a good many other things there.

Mr. ROBERTS. They have a lot of boxes there, and pile them up to make suitable quarters for these men; I would like to see that thing stop, and a plan adopted for laying out a suitable training station there.

Admiral ANDREWS. My judgment is that if we can go on as we are doing now, that is, have $25,000 under yards and docks and $25,000 under maintenance, we can get on very well and put up cheaply constructed and yet good buildings there; all that are necessary with the two ships for that climate. Later it may, and probably will, de

velop when the fleet moves around and spends about half its time on the Pacific coast, that we will not need so many of the training stations on this coast.

Mr. TRIBBLE. That is the point I want to make; what is the necessity of having so many of these naval stations?

Mr. ROBERTS. What I am objecting to is this: We are putting in about $25,000 a year there for a number of years, and we will have a large total investment there, and we will not at the end of that time have anything at all suitable there for the purpose; and the result will be, in my judgment, that after we put in $200,000 or $300,000 there the department will come down here with a comprehensive plan and practically say that what we have put in there we will have to throw away.

Admiral ANDREWS. I do not think so. Let me call your attention to one thing, Mr. Roberts, that at all the other stations we have invested a large amount of capital and put up buildings, and we have, in addition, every year a maintenance appropriation which is more than this total of $50,000 that we want for both buildings and maintenance at this station.

Mr. ROBERTS. I understand.

Admiral ANDREWS. In other words, if you want to go to work now and build this station up on a comprehensive plan you have got to put in a matter of $1,000,000 capital, and here we are getting along on the interest of that capital and accomplishing good results. We have, for instance, at that station an open-air camp, which is nothing but a series of little cottages, you might say, 15 feet square, with the wood coming up so high [indicating about 4 feet] and the rest of it canvas, with a top, and then canvas to fill in when it rains or snows. Now, we can house there 600 or 800 men, and those cottages have all been put up without any specific appropriation. I believe a part of the money has come from this $25,000 appropriation for the Bureau of Yards and Docks. But those men are healthier under those conditions, and it is much better for them than the barracks building at Newport, which is badly ventilated and, I think, badly designed for the purpose.

Mr. ROBERTS. That is the fault of the department, then.

Admiral ANDREWS. I think you will find that under this method of going ahead we will get the result, and then in later years it will more than likely develop that we might not need that particular training station, or we might not need that training station at Newport.

Mr. ROBERTS. My experience is that if you get such a thing started you will never get it away from there.

Admiral ANDREWS. Well, if we do not, we will have it on an economical basis.

Mr. TRIBBLE. When you get these stations started you have to have for each one of them equipment and a library and books and periodicals, etc. Why can not you have only one station and let the same equipment serve for more men?

Admiral ANDREWS. Because we want the men at convenient points. over the country. We have only one training station on the Pacific coast, and the men enlisted in the West go to that; the men enlisted in the South and down in Mr. Padgett's section go to Norfolk and from there to the ships; and the men from New England, Mr. Rob

erts's section, and a little west of that in New York State, go to Newport. It is a question of saving money on transportation. If you had only one station, you would have to send men there from all over the country and spend a lot of money on transportation.

The CHAIRMAN. You would not have accommodations at this one place?

Admiral ANDREWS. We would not; and we would not want to get a large enough place to accommodate them all.

Mr. ROBERTS. It would be like consolidating all the colleges into one; you would have too many men there?

Admiral ANDREWS. Yes. This $25,000 that was asked for, by the way, you will notice is very small as compared with the maintenance appropriation at other stations. We have $70,000 at San Francisco; we have $86,000 at Chicago now; and we have at Newport $85,000; and this is only $25,000. That is intended to be for various purposes. The CHAIRMAN. Should not the language be the same for that station as for the other naval stations?

Admiral ANDREWS. Well, I think it might and be all right; yes, sir; but the commanding officer there has submitted a recommendation as to language; at least, showing what he intends to use it for.

Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Chairman, if you change this language and make it conform to the language of the other stations you will not accomplish what they are after.

Admiral ANDREWS. No; because they have got a number of buildings there. The language for this estimate might read:

Natatorium, maintenance, improvements of and repairs to; purchase and maintenance of truck horses and mules, including veterinary service for same; for a gymnasium, equipment of, repairs, improvements, and maintenance of same; for a combined library, reading room, and port office, equipment of, improvements in, and repairs to; for a rigging loft, equipment of, repairs, improvements, and maintenance of same; for a ferry, repairs, improvements, and maintenance of same; ventilating sets, extension of, repairs to, improvements of system, and maintenance of same; in all $25,000.

Mr. ROBERTS. That word "improvements" covers a lot.

Admiral ANDREWS. Well, these are things they have got now. They have got the natatorium, for instance; and they have got most of these things, though they are in incomplete form; they want to fix them up.

Mr. ROBERTS. That is one of the things that I object to in the appropriations for this particular place; they are intended for one purpose, and yet the language does not indicate it at all.

Admiral ANDREWS. Not definitely, you mean?

Mr. ROBERTS. No.

The CHAIRMAN. Well, it has not heretofore; but it is proposed to do so in this appropriation.

Mr. ROBERTS. And the word " repairs" does not indicate that they are for new buildings; and yet they put them in.

Admiral ANDREWS. Now, I am looking at this naval station, Great Lakes. If you take the exact language of that it would not make any difference to the Norfolk station. They could handle it very nicely with the language used for any one of the stations. The language should be general to allow the best results.

The CHAIRMAN. "Navy War College, Rhode Island." The language is the same except that you have increased the amount for the care of grounds from $23,750 to $25,250.

Admiral ANDREWS. I have a letter here from the president of the War College on that subject. He says:

It will be noted that the item of $3,000 for repairs to buildings and improvements in electric-light system is omitted, while the maintenance and care of grounds is $1,500 greater than for the current year. The reason for this is that a considerable sum is needed each year for maintenance, as the building is now beginning to be an old one.

The building is about 25 years old.

But no large item for repairs and alterations is foreseen at present. In applying a coat of paint for preservation, or renewing a few slates on the roof, or replacing old toilet appliances by modern water-closets, such expenditures, although individually small, are numerous and properly classed as maintenance. The next item is about the services of a lecturer.

The CHAIRMAN. There is an increase from $1,500 to $2,000.
Admiral ANDREWS. The item for services has been increased.

George G. Wilson, of Harvard University, has for a number of years been lecturer at the Naval War College on international law. The course of work which he lays out here is original work for himself as well as for the officers attending the course, and to it he devotes more time in study and research than he does to his routine work as professor of international law at Harvard. His labors here have given to the annual publications of the college an enviable international reputation, and they form the foundation for the position of the United States in matters of undeveloped international law so far as naval affairs are concerned. It is a general rule that college professors do a great deal of remunerative work in addition to their college labors. The time which would otherwise be devoted by Prof. Wilson to such outside work is not well repaid by his present fee of $1,500 a year. I may add that in addition to his course of lectures and preparation therefor the services of Prof. Wilson have always been at the disposal of the War College in regard to questions of international law which the department refers from time to time to the War College for its opinion thereon. I believe that in only one of these cases has Prof. Wilson received any fee; namely, the instructions for naval officers, which were drawn up during the past year, and which involved a great deal of work in their preparation.

The CHAIRMAN. How many lectures does he deliver?

Admiral ANDREWS. He delivers during the summer months usually, I think, about 15 lectures; and, then, he attends the conferences or discussions on international law and keeps up this work on current subjects throughout the year; the department often sends to the War College questions of international law which come up, and he and one of the officials at the War College who makes a specialty of international law work together on that subject.

The CHAIRMAN. Can you put in the hearings the exact number of lectures that he has given during the past year?

Admiral ANDREWS. Yes, sir.

During the past winter Prof. Wilson prepared 15 new lectures on the subject of international law, which he delivered during last summer, and he also examined and criticized the solutions of the international-law cases prepared by members of the course. Besides, he made one or two visits to discuss the work of the summer course during the winter previous. He will do as much more this year.

After the death of Admiral Sperry the department requested Prof. Wilson to prepare the draft of Instructions for the Guidance of the Navy in Time of War in Regard to International Law. This was completed last winter. For this one piece of work he was paid the sum of $750, which, however, is small for the learning and research involved.

During the past year the department called on the War College for a draft of Instructions for the United States Patrol Fleet in the North Pacific Ocean in the Summer of 1912.