Chapter II. Charles the First, 1625-1649.

PERIOD I. CHARLES'S DISSENSIONS WITH HIS FIRST

THREE PARLIAMENTS. 1625-29.

SECTION I. Charles's first parliament, 1625. 1, Of the

causes which influenced Charles's course of government: 2, The

power and purposes of the country party: 3, "Pious Petition"

for the execution of the laws against papists: 4, Articles ex-

hibited against Dr. Richard Montague: 5, Only limited supplies

voted: 6, The parliament sits twelve days at Oxford, and is

dismissed

..

Page 59

SECTION II. Charles's second parliament, 1626. 1, Popular

leaders made sheriffs to prevent their election: 2, Articles ex-

hibited against Buckingham..

Page 63

SECTION III. Charles's third parliament, 1628-29. 1 Resolu-

tions of the Commons affirming the liberties of freemen: 2, The

Petition of Right: 3, Further remonstrances presented to the

king: 4, Parliament re-assembles: Charles surrounded with new

counsellors 5, Committees of religion and grievances appointed:

6, The Speaker held in the chair, and a protest read by Hollis :

7, The leaders of the country party imprisoned

Page 65

SECTION IV. War with Spain, 1624-30. 1, Cause of the

war with Spain: 2, Failure of the expedition against Cadiz: 3,

Peace concluded

Page 72

SECTION V. War with France, 1627-30. 1, Cause of the war

with France: 2, Buckingham's expedition to Rochelle: 3, A

second and third expedition to Rochelle: 4, Peace with France

Page 73

PERIOD II. ABSOLUTE RULE. 1629-40.

SECTION VI. The King's principal counsellors. 1, Viscount

Wentworth: 2, Bishop Laud: 3, Bishop Short's account of

Laud's proceedings ..

Page 76

SECTION VII. Irregular modes of raising a revenue. 1, Tun-

nage, poundage, and other duties: 2, Compositions and fines: 3,

Revival of monopolies: 4, Ship money: 5, The judges declare the

levying of Ship money to be legal: 6, John Hampden proceeded

against for refusing to pay Ship money: 7, The felicity of the

times ?

Page 79

SECTION VIII. Severities inflicted by the Courts of Star

Chamber and High Commission. 1, The powers of the Star
Chamber: 2, The case of Dr. Alexander Leighton: 3, Cases of

Prynne, Burton, and Bastwick: 4, Of the High Commission

Court..

Page 83

SECTION IX. Affairs of Ireland. 1, Charles deceives the

Irish in the matter of the " graces": 2, Wentworth offends the

Irish Church by imposing the English Articles: 3, Wentworth

declares Connaught forfeited

Page 86

SECTION X. Affairs of Scotland. I, Charles visits Scotland

and holds a parliament: 2, Resistance to the introduction of a

new Service Book: 3, The "Tables" established, and National

Covenant published: 4, A general Assembly meets at Glasgow

and proves refractory: 5, War against Scotland, which is ended

by the "Pacification of Berwick": 6, An Assembly and a parlia-

ment held in Edinburgh: 7, Charles distressed for money, calls

his fourth English parliament, 1640: 8, The dissolution followed

by illegal proceedings: 9, Scotch war renewed; ended by treaty

of Ripon

Page 88

PERIOD III. THE LONG PARLIAMENT 1640-49:

AND THE CIVIL WAR. 1642-48.

SECTION XI. The first session of the Long Parliament, 1640-

41. 1, Character of the Long parliament: 2, The weakness of

the king prevents effective resistance: 3, Redress of sundry

political grievances: 4, Redress of sundry Church grievances: 5,

Act for Triennial parliaments: 6, Attainder of Strafford: 7,

Abolition of the Star-chamber, High-commission, and other

courts

Page 96

SECTION XII. Affairs of Scotland and Ireland. 1, Charles

goes to Scotland and confirms his concessions: 2, The Irish

Rebellion, 1641

Page 103

SECTION XIII. Proceedings of the Long Parliament, 1641-42.

1, Measures taken to suppress the Irish Rebellion. 2, The Com-

mons publish a remonstrance: 3, Riots commence; twelve bishops

committed to the Tower: 4, Charles fails in an attempt to seize

the five members: 5, Final rupture between Charles and his par-

liament, on the question of the Militia: 6, Propositions tendered

to the king at York: 7, The parliament formally decides on war

Page 106

SECTION XIV. 1, The Civil War in 1642. The causes of the

civil war 2, Preliminary movements of the Parliamentarians:

3, Preliminary movements of the King: 4, The Royal standard

set up at Nottingham: 5. Composition and character of the two

armies: 6, Battle of Edgehill or Kineton: 7, Battle of Brentford

Page 113

SECTION XV. Proceedings of the Long Parliament, 1643.

1, Negotiations opened with Charles at Oxford: 2, Waller's Plot:

3, The Lords adopt proposals for peace: 4, The Solemn League

and Covenant sanctioned by both Houses: 5, The Assembly of

Divines meets at Westminster: 6, New arrangements for carrying

on the government and administration of justice Page 119

SECTION XVI. The Civil War in 1643. 1, The queen lands

at Burlington with men and arms: 2, Essex takes Reading; his

outposts beaten at Chalgrove: 3, Fairfax defeated at Atherton

Moor: 4, Waller defeated at Lansdown and Roundaway-down:

5, Essex fights the indecisive battle of Newbury: 6, Irish forces

come to England to aid the king

Page 123

SECTION XVII. Proceedings of the Long Parliament. 1644.

1, The king calls a counter parliament at Oxford: 2, Means

adopted by the parliament for raising a revenue: 3, Attainder of

archbishop Laud: 4, Growth of the Independent party in the

House: 5, The first Self-denying Ordinance

Page 126

SECTION XVIII. The Civil War in 1644. 1, Fairfax the

younger defeats the Irish auxiliaries at Nantwich: 2, Waller de-

feated at Cropredy-bridge: 3, The royalists defeated at Marston

Moor: 4, Essex's infantry capitulate at Lostwithiel: 5, Successes

of Montrose in Scotland: 6, Second battle of Newbury Page 130

SECTION XIX. Proceedings of the Long Parliament, 1645.

1, Negotiations at Uxbridge: 2, The second Self-denying Or-

dinance

Page 134

SECTION XX. The Civil War in 1645. L, Coudition of the

two armies: 2, Fairfax defeats Charles at Naseby: 3, Fairfax's

campaign in the West: 4, Movements of Charles after the battle

of Naseby 5, Montrose wins the battle of Kilsyth; is totally

defeated at Philiphaugh

Page 135

SECTION XXI. Proceedings of the Long Parliament, 1646.

1, Charles's application to treat rejected, because of the discovery

of a secret treaty with the Irish: 2, Propositions offered to

Charles at Newcastle: 3, The disposal of the king's person voted

to be in the parliament

Page 139

SECTION XXII. The Civil War in 1646. 1, Fairfax com-

pletes the reduction of the West: 2, Surrender of Oxford and end

of the first civil war: 3, Charles takes refuge with the Scotch

army..

Page 141

SECTION XXIII. The Parliament beaten by the Army, 1647.

1, The Scots deliver Charles to the parliamentary commissioners:

2, Contention between the parliament and the army: 3, Charles

carried off by the army to Newmarket: 4, Parliament defeated by

the army: 5, The plan of settlement proposed by the army re-

jected by the king: 6, Rise of the Levellers: Charles escapes

from Hampton Court: 7, Propositions offered to Charles by the

parliament and the Scotch commissioners..

Page 144

SECTION XXIV. The second Civil War, 1648. 1, The ex-

ecutive government in a committee of safety: 2, General in-

quietude of the nation: 3, Rising and defeat of the royalists: 4,

Cromwell defeats the Scots at Preston: 5, Treaty of Newport:

6, The House of Commons "purged" by colonel Pride: 7, The

Rump votes that the king be brought to trial: 8, Gradual growth

of a desire to overturn the monarchy

Page 154

SECTION XXV. The Trial and Execution of Charles, 1649.

1, Proceedings of the parliament: 2, Trial of the king: 3, Efforts

made to save the life of Charles: 4, The execution of Charles,

king of Fngland: 5, Was the death of the king legal, or even

necessary?..

Page 160

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Charles I. Henrietta Maria. Charles

Louis, Elector Palatine. Prince Rupert, Count Palatine. Thomas

Wentworth, Earl of Strafford. William Laud, Archbishop of

Canterbury. John Hampden. Lucius Cary, Viscount Falkland.

Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex. Thomas, Lord Fairfax. James

Graham, Marquis of Montrose. James Butler, Duke of Ormond

Page 165

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. The arguments on Ship-money.

Laud's innovations in the matter of ceremonies. The Inde-

pendents and their principles. Desecration of churches by the

Puritans. The Great Rebellion and French Revolution compared

Page 176

Chapter III. The Commonwealth, 1649-1660.

PERIOD I. THE REPUBLIC. 1649-1653.

SECTION I. Proceedings of the Rump parliament. 1, Settle-

ment of the government: 2, General discontent of the nation : 3,

Principal acts of the Rump parliament: 4, The Rump passes the

Navigation Act

Page 182

SECTION II. Reduction of Ireland to the Commonwealth. 1,

State of affairs in Ireland: 2, Cromwell's Campaign in Ireland: 3,

Reduction of Ireland completed by Ireton and Ludlow: 4, Settle-

ment of Ireland under Fleetwood and Henry Cromwell Page 187

SECTION III. Reduction of Scotland to the Commonwealth.

1, State of Scotch affairs: 2, Defeat of Montrose; arrival of

:

Charles in Scotland: 3, Cromwell defeats the Scotch at Dunbar

4, The "Start"; Coronation of Charles: 5, Charles out-manoeuvres

Cromwell and marches into England: 6, Cromwell defeats Charles

at Worcester: 7, Reduction of Scotland completed by Monk

Page 191

SECTION IV. The first Dutch War, 1652-54. 1, Causes of

the war: 2, Events in the war-battles off Dover, in the Downs,

near the Goodwin Sands, off Portland, the North Foreland, and

the Texel: 3, Results of the war by treaty of Westminster Page 197

SECTION V. The Republic broken up by military violence,

1653. 1, The discontent of the military: 2, Cromwell expels the

Rump parliament: 3, Cromwell calls the Little or Barebones

parliament
Page 200

PERIOD II. THE PROTECTORATE. 1653-59.

SECTION VI. The Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell, 1653-58

1, Cromwell is made Protector: 2, The Instrument of Govern-

ment: 3, Cromwell's first parliament: 4, Cromwell's second

parliament: 5, The Humble Petition and Advice: 6, Much of

Cromwell's rule despotic: 7, Many conspiracies against Crom-

well's government: 8, Foreign relations during Cromwell's pro-

tectorate; (1) Relations with Holland, (2) with France, (3) with

Spain, (4) with the Mediterranean States..

Page 203

SECTION VII. The Protectorate of Richard Cromwell, 1658-

59. 1, Richard Cromwell becomes Protector: 2, Richard calls a

parliament; he resigns his office

Page 212

PERIOD III, ANARCHY AND THE RESTORATION.

SECTION VIII. The struggle of Cromwell's lieutenants for

supremacy, 1659. 1, Recall of the Rump parliament: 2, The go-

vernment in a committee of safety: 3, Monk marches to London

and restores the expelled members
Page 214

SECTION IX. The Restoration, 1660. 1, Long parliament

sits again and then dissolves itself: 2, Convention parliament

meets and recalls Charles: 3, Declaration of Breda Page 217

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. Oliver Cromwell. Elizabeth Crom-

well. Richard Cromwell, Henry Cromwell. George Monk,

Duke of Albemarle. John Lambert. Sir Henry Vane
Page 220

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. The Eikon Basilike. Character of

the Puritans. The Commonwealth a period of great religious ex-

citement. The Commonwealth a period of mixed religious tole-

rance. This period marked by the appearance of many singular

forms of sectarianism

Page 224