kindly borne. While in the following year, at a conference of all the Bishops of British North America, held at Quebec, and presided over by Bishop Mountain, the first public move was made towards obtaining the establishment of Diocesan and Provincial Synods for the government of the Church, and its internal regulation and discipline.

In order to show that, as elsewhere, so in this Diocese, we are making some effectual progress towards the support of the Church from its own internal resources, I subjoin an extract from a letter sent at the close of last year to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel," in reply to some inquiries received by me from the Secretary :

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When this Diocese was formed in 1850, there were forty-nine clergymen officiating in it, and one catechist. Of these, thirty-six and the catechist received aid from the Society; three others, two of them being also on the Society's list, were in the receipt of grants from the Imperial Treasury, and two were army chaplains, leaving only eight who were entirely supported from funds raised in the Province. The largest sun we ever received annually, since 1850, from the Society, was £3,660, out of which we also had to pay a pension of £100 to one of the Society's retired Missionaries. In 1853, instead of remitting their salaries to the individual Clergy, this Diocese was allowed by the Society a block sum, with which we were to do the best we could; and which was to be subjected to periodical reductions. I have done my utmost, since that arrangement began, to carry it out most conscientiously for the Society; while, at the same time I kept in view the real object of the Society, which was to give effectual help to the Church, where it was bond fide required. But when this block sum was granted it was with the express proviso that "strict regard was to be had to the observance of good faith, with all those to whom the Society was already pledged," some of whom have been on the Society's list for fifty years, and many others for very long periods; and who always considered that they were assured their stipends by the Society for life; while the elder ones, those engaged prior to 1833, had a further promise of pensions for themselves, if disabled from doing duty, and also for their widows. In proof that this was always so understood by the Society, I have had my attention directed by some of them to the Society's Report for 1847, p. 37: "In past times, stipends were

granted by the Society during the lives of the several Missionaries, &c., &c." And in the Report for 1850, p. 26: "The Society, it is obvious, can only supply funds for the establishment of new Missions, by relieving itself gradually, and as vacancies occur, &c., &c." The reference in this place was specially to North American Dioceses. These statements were again repeated at a meeting held 19th May, 1854 (Archbishop of Canterbury in the chair). And in the Society's Report for 1858, p. 26, it was again placed upon, record: "without affecting the claims of the elder Missionaries, the Society has made its more recent grants of salary for three years, &c., &c."

Acting upon this principle, I felt that we only had a small margin to deal with; though I took advantage, on certain occasions, of some of the older Missionaries, wishing to be removed from poorer to more advanced Missions, to require that a proportionate reduction should then take place. In a letter which I received from the Society myself, dated 17th April, 1851, in reply to a communication 1 had forwarded, there occurs this sentence: "Upon the whole, you seem to have taken very judicious measures for securing the future independence of the Church in your Diocese, measures rendered necessary, more than ever, by the determination of the Society to discontinue or reduce its allowances, as vacancies arise." But, as might be expected to be the case, such men as Canons Reid and Townsend, who have been on the Society's list for fifty years, and the Rev. W. Anderson and others for near thirty and upwards, were occupying those Parishes that were the most advanced. However, I hope, nevertheless, it will appear that we have been making some good and continual progress.

Instead of forty-nine Clergymen officiating, as in 1850, with one retired Missionary and one Catechist, we have now seventy-three Clergymen and five Catechists officiating, besides four retired Missionaries and three widows paid on account of the Society. And whereas we used to receive £3,660 per annum, from the Society, we now only receive £2,940; which sums, after deducting respectively the amounts paid for pensions, namely £100 from £3,660, and £500 as now from £2,940, leaves us at present only £2,440 annually out of the Society's grant, instead of £3,560 for the actual service of the Church; a deduction of £1,120, notwithstanding that we have now twenty-four additional Clergy officiating and four catechists. It is true that only seven Missions of those receiving aid from the Society in 1850, have ceased entirely to receive such help; but that arises in some measure from the cause mentioned above respecting the location of the oldest Missionaries; while, at the same time, there are many of these Parishes, whilst still served by their old Pastors, who receive aid from the Society,

that are making very considerable efforts to raise local endowments that they may be prepared for any new arrangements or vacancies; and which we could not have expected, in the same way, had they now the whole salary of the incumbent to raise. This is markedly the case at Frelighsburg, Dunham, Sorel, &c. And again, while of thirtysix who were receiving aid in 1850, twenty-nine were allowed £100 stg. per annum, which used to be almost invariably the sum granted every where out of those who are paid out of the Society's grant at present, only thirteen draw that amount, all of whom, except one, Rev. J. Griffin at the Gore, one of the poorest districts in the Diocese, were serving here prior to 1850. The rest receive smaller sums proportioned to the several cases.

Of those receiving aid from the Society's grant, only eleven have been placed on the list since 1850; and they are receiving in the aggregate $2,603, or £650 currency, including Mr. Griffin's £100 stg., mentioned just now; and, therefore, only leaving about £525 currency for the rest. With this available surplus from the Society's grant, in order to meet the pressing demands for Clergy, and increase them to the present number, I can assure the Society that we have strained our local resources to the utmost. And while we are now using our best exertions to add to our Local Endowment Fund, in which we have certainly made a successful beginning, though it may seem small when compared with what we require, I do not expect that just at present we shall be able to increase very materially, from the Country Parishes, the general Missionary Fund at the disposal of our Diocesan Church Society. Nor indeed can we look for much better success for some little time in the City of Montreal. For the next few years we may expect really serious difficulties to contend with, even supposing commerce revives and peace is preserved. In this City, by the census of 1852, the Church of England population was only given at 3,993; this was probably not strictly accurate, rather below the mark, but no doubt we were a very insignificant portion of the whole population. Since then, at great expense, we have rebuilt after fire, enlarged or built new every church in the City, including the Cathedral; and the Church of England now occupies, in every way, a very different position; and in 1862 the census gave us 10,072: at this date we are at least 12,000. But then this is out of a population of now not less than upwards of 100,000, and of whom about 70,000 are Roman Catholics. So that, while Montreal no doubt is a great and increasing city, the wealth and numbers of but a very small proportion of it belong to us. And in this city we have no such endowments as there are at Toronto, and other cities in Upper Canada, attached to the Rectory; and there is

a heavy debt still to be paid off, incurred in the erection of these Churches, without which, however, we could never have increased our numbers to the present amount. Then again, in all Lower Canada we are at a very great disadvantage as compared with Upper Canada, which in many ways adds to our difficulty, as the average incomes of our Clergy are so very much below those of the western Dioceses. First, our Church members are, in many large districts, so scattered and mixed up with the great majority who are Roman Catholics, that it is hardly possible to assemble any numbers in one place, and so form them into self-supporting Churches. Then we have no endowed Rectories, either in the city or country, of which there are so many in Upper Canada; many of them largely endowed, out of the Clergy Reserves before their secularization; and in the third place, we received such a very small amount at all from that source. On the final settlement of that question, we received for commutation of all claims £13,000 currency in this Diocese, and Quebec about the same; in Upper Canada the Church received somewhere about £300,000.

I may also refer to the statement, given at p. 211, of the yearly returns of all monies raised within this Diocese for Church purposes, which show a large and progressive in

crease.

That we have in many other ways been steadily advancing of late; that the Clergy are no longer the scattered, isolated missionaries they used to be; that we have now various institutions of our own, and a system of self-government fully and legally established, may be seen from many of the sermons, addresses, and documents given in this volume. It is as bearing witness to these facts, and recording events connected with them, that I venture to hope they may prove of interest and be acceptable to members of the Church, however little merit they may be otherwise found to possess. I would mention particularly such as "the Primary Charge," after the establishment of the new Diocese; Sermon III, on the opening of Christ Church Cathedral for divine service; Sermon VIII, with the address on page 223, delivered at "the First Convocation of the University of Bishop's College;" the Address

delivered at the first opening of the McGill Normal School; and those at the first Meetings of the Diocesan and Provincial Synods. I would hope, too, that if there shall be any, amongst the multitudes of young persons, who heard the Addresses to the Scholars of the Sunday Schools, and that to the Candidates for Confirmation, originally delivered—who may chance to meet with them again in after life in these pages, that they may be a means of reviving in their hearts and minds some holy thoughts and good resolutions; and that while I thus once more speak to them as their Bishop and Father in God, a gracious motion of the Spirit of Life may enable them to rekindle whatever glow of early Christian love or hope shall have been lost or obscured amidst the trials and temptations of the world.

All the Sermons have been preached in this Diocese ; but occasionally with some slight adaptations, having been previously preached and printed in England and New York, and they are now given in the form in which they were originally delivered. The Statistics of the Confirmations, and the Consecrations of the Churches, &c., will be matter of useful record and interest to all connected with the Diocese, and as such I have inserted them. The concluding Lecture having been delivered at a meeting of "the Churchmen's Association," while this volume was passing through the press, I have thought it not out of place here, treating, as it does, of subjects of such importance and of deepest interest to all the members of the Church. In my Lecture amongst "the Events and Controversies of the Day," I have not alluded to the recent judgment of the Privy Council in the case of the Bishop of Natal and the Bishop of Capetown, because I am assured, on the best legal opinions in this Province, most entirely confirmed by the Queen's advocate (Sir Robert Phillimore) in England, that that judgment does not in the least interfere with the jurisdiction either of the Bishops or the Metropolitan of the Church in Canada. Whatever might