drawing his sabre, surrounded by his staff, and supported by a hedge of bayonets, he drove back the representatives, who, carried away by Marat, at length passed a decree of accusation against the victims who were named to them. After this triumph, he resign. ed the command, and resumed his rank of chief of a battalion in the section of Sans Culottes. On the 13th' of June the right side demanded in vain his act of accusation; and at the end of the same month he attained to the permanent command of the Pafisian national guard. On Hanriot's admission into the Jacobin club, he was exposed there to various denunciations, which he overcame, thanks to the support of Robespierre and Danton. It was to Robespierre that he was most particularly devoted; he served him against Herbert and that very Danton; and showed the same zeal in his favour on the 9th of Thermidor, year 2, (27th of July, 1794); on that occasion he used all his efforts to prevail with the troops, and to turn them against the convention. He was arrested at first by five gendarmes, who conducted him bound to the committee. of general safety, and Coffinhal delivered him; in appearing to embrace him, he cut the cords which fastened his hands behind his back. Hanriot being freed, sprung on a horse, met with a company of cannoniers, who obeyed him, and turned their pieces against the convention; but, not daring to attack it with so small a body, he conducted them to the town-hall, where he was soon surrounded by a considerable armed force. During this time, the convention was outlaw ing the conspirators, and the majority of the sections were assembling against the town-hall; Hanriot then entirely lost his self-possession: on the other hand, Robespierre being absolutely determined not to attack him, his partizans began to desert him. Then Coffinhal, enraged, threw the imbecile and cowardly Hanriot into the common sewer, where he was arrested. He was

afterwards carried before the revolutionary tribunal, condemned to death, and executed on the 10th with the monster to whom he had sworn blind obedience, in order to escape the act of accusation which sent Vincent and Ronsin to the scaffold, and on which his name had for a short time been inscribed. Hauriot plunged almost every day into intemperance and drun kenness; he was born at Nanterre, and was 33 years old. Prudhomme's portrait of him deserves to be given. "Hanriot," says he, "began life as servant to an attorney, named Formey, who is said to have dismissed him for theft. He became clerk of the bar. riers, and was again driven thence for theft. He was received by the police under the number of its spies; this business he exercised under the disguise of a druggist, and he was sent for theft to the Bicêtre, which he quitted only to be in a short time flogged and branded, till at last, passing over the piled corpses of September, where he drank of Madame de Lamballe's blood, he made himself a way to the general. ship of the 2d of June, and to the scaffold of the 10th of Thermidor.”

CARAVATS AND TIMBER MERCHANTS.

The public have been made acquainted through the medium of the Court of King's Bench, of the turpitude and punishment of Lord Louth, for his speculations in the timber trade, if invisible trees could be correctly classed as any part of the stock of a timbermerchant. Whimsical as it may ap pear, Lord Louth embarked in the invisible sylvan business, and actually imprisoned a man of the name of Mat thews, for cutting an ash tree that never existed; but, to the credit of our Judges, they differed with Lord Louth on the construction of the statutes, and ruled it in their judgment, that

cutting

cutting or removing an invisible tree, did not amount to a felony; and to impress the precedence of their decision on the minds of other Gentlemen, they allowed Lord Louth to enter an appearance in Newgate, where he half starved himself, and saw his man Larry whole starved in less than three months, Notwithstanding those legal and lordly examples, Walter Kavanagh, of Borris, in the county of Carlow, a man worth 18,000l. a year, had the temerity to embark in the timber trade, in imitation of Lord Louth; and, like the Peer, he accused a man of the name of Kelly, of cutting a tree that grew on Kelly's own farm. Certainly the tree said to be cut by Kelly, was a real bona fide tree, with trunk, bark, and branches; but to prove the feloni. ous intent of Kelly, the tree was said to be cut after sun-set. The world may wonder how a man worth 18,000l. a year, would undertake to hang a poor man, who has nine children, for cutting a tree, that is admitted by Mr. Kavanagh was applied to the repairs of a mill on the estate of said Mr. Kavanagh, and which mill is part of the property Mr. Kelly holds as tenant to Mr. Kavanagh. To clear up this

conundrum in the relative condition of English landlords and Irish tenants, Mr. Kavanagh took a notion to add Kelly's farm to his own demesne; and in the direct spirit of Caravatism, wrote to Kelly to remove himself, his wife, and nine children forthwith from the lands, or take his chance of trying his fortune in a Court of Criminal Law, for cutting down an oak tree after sunset. In this latter part of the notice, the rich Caravat differed from the poor Caravat; the former threatened the laws of the realm on his victim, whereas the latter threatens under his own unwritten law, which we have the authority of Blackstone, and the practice of the Courts of Caravats, to call Common Law. Mr. Kelly not having any ready means to remove his family, hesitated, and disputed the ac

curacy of the complaint, and also the brevity of the notice, and at last was provoked to say, he would not abandon his mill or farm under the fear of any interpretation Mr. Kavanagh had made of the law; and agreeable to the equality of the real laws, Kelly ap pealed to them, and had Mr. Kavanagh tried and convicted, under which conviction the rich timber merchant now is held, and is to take the place of Lord Louth, his predecessor in timber business, in a chamber in Newgate.

It ought to operate in the opinion our law makes in mitigation of the pu nishment of the poor starved and exasperated peasantry, who, under the name of Caravats, are so misguided as to write notices to persons who deal in Rack rents to quit, or be subjected to the Common Law of Caravatism; to consider that if Caravatism is criminal in the poor, it is infamous and odious in the rich; because the rich man who dare imitate the atrocities of the ignorant multitude, inverts the order of society; he takes rules from the ignorant, instead of being the model for their conduct; he aggravates his crime, by giving the sanction of his rank to depredation, by legalizing anarchy.

Mr. Kavanagh, like all other proselytes to the forms of English Christianity, attempts to express his horror at the religious and political opinions of his ancestors; but like all zealots, who are mislead by fanatacism or affectation, he has been too rapid in the testifications of his conversion. He has outrun the laws he appeared to venerate; and though they encourage his soul, they cannot bear to be disgraced by his extravagance, to poise them in due character, they are obliged to return him a victim to please the people he abandoned, and to give credit to those he has joined and disgraced, and Mr. Kavanagh of Borris, is obliged to become Mr. Kavanagh of Newgate.

2Q2

BRITISH

BRITISH BIBLE SOCIETY.

We are frequently obliged and provoked to notice this society, and the hostility which its members uniformly express toward the Irish nation. To the credit of the institution, the leading members are not so much led by downright fanaticism as they are by politics; they are no more than hypocrites that make religion the instrument of dominion; they teach fanaticism for the purpose of arraying the ignorance of the very ignorant populace of their own country, against the demand Ireland makes for an equal right to what is called the British Constitution; they are aware that the attachment of the Irish to the religion of their ancestors and the purest form of christianity is an ins rmountable impediment to the progress of English influence, that the Irish can never be attached to English policy until they are subdued into the beastly state of ignorance and fanaticism that distinguishes the lower ranks of the British multitude, among whom a hatred to popery, if obtained, the vilest nonsense and the most degrading follies are deemed national virtues and excusable eccentrici

ties.

The passion the higher order have for destroying the Catholic Church in Ireland, is carried to excess, while their own Church is descending into the hands of barbarians, who have not left any part existing but the skeleton, of which the dignitaries form the profile, and the rich endowments are the ligaments that keep the empty structure together.

As to the unread and barbarous rabble they have to a man abandoned a church that had rendered itself too proud and too corrupt to consider their condition, belief, or salvation as objects of any serious inquiry; the wretches have taken the care of their souls into their own hands, and the preaching buckle-maker has left the fat Bishop among his women and his revenues; ignorance has taken upon it to labour

for another life, while the lettered are enjoying the substantial comforts of this.

On the 6th of May last, a meeting of the British Bible Society took place at the Freemasons' Hall, London; a person of English distinction, Lord Teignmouth, acted as President.

Among the many speakers who distinguished themselves on the occasion, we will lay before our readere a few, with our observations on their charac ters, motives, and arguments. The first in our list was the Protestant Bishop of Kildare, a Scotchman, of the name of Lindsay. Our readers in the village and vicinity of Glasnevin, where this Bishop resides, are the best witDesses of the pastoral character of a man so solicitous to disseminate true religion in Ireland; they will say, he has raised the rents of the church lands, in his hands, beyond any thing known in the History of Ireland, and unexampled by any rack-rent landlord in Ireland; his industry to accumulate has been so practical, that he farms the turnpike in the neighbourhood, and obtained it by contracting for the rent of it, to the prejudice of a very poor family who usually managed it.

A man who is indifferent to the condition of the industrious poor, has not much charity; and the Prelate who is devoid of charity, and talks of advancing English religion, is certainly more of the politician than of the apostle.

In his speech he observed, that the ignorance which prevailed in Ireland, on the subject of religion, was inconceivable; that the doctrines of the reformation were utterly unknown in many parts of it.

If ignorance prevails among us, a retrospective view of the persecutions Priests and School-masters were exposed to by English law, will prove it was not a deficiency of taste, nor the ignorance of our teachers, that contributed to the reign of ignorance; it was penal lawe and barbarous exclusions

that

that perpetuated it-the extermination of men of letters and the suppression of schools-laws that declared education treason, and the teacher a traitor. If we are ignorant, which, to the confusion of our detractors, we are the reverse, the cause of it is written in our statute books.

The Prelate asserts, that the doctrines of the reformation are utterly unknown in many parts of our country. A people, as Lord Lansdowne said of them in the British Parliament, in the year 1792, who would commit a felony for the sake of reading a newspaper, cannot be utterly ignorant. No; there are no people in the world who know the doctrines of the reformation better; and, from knowing them, detest them the more.

The introducers of the reformation into this country, were apostles who knew more of robbing than of reading; they preached in an unknown tongue. As they were not able to convert us, they succeeded in converting our estates; they left our souls to the regulation of idolatry, and took our lands under their own stewardship. It required not the gift of tongues to manage ground. The English apostle depended more on his bayonet than be did on his bible. With the national style, he removed those who did not understand him; and when the missionary had learned to write, the instrument that thinned our ancestors, became the recorder of our submission.

"His Lordship described, in a very pious, simple, and feeling manner, the recent accession of the professor of Maynooth College, to the Protestant' Established Church; and concluded

About this period the peasantry of Ireland were so solicitous to know the progress of the French Revolution, which the tax on newspapers nearly prohibited, very frequently used to rob the mail, for the purpose of getting the newspapers, which they took into the fields or church-yards to read.

by an affecting appeal on behalf of a people who needed so greatly the assistance of the Society, and were so prepared to profit by it."

We suppose this accession to the Established Church, is the unfortunate Crowley; and the wonderful story was intended to exhibit to the British nation, the rapid progress the reformation is making in Ireland, that one sober Priest has been converted in one century. When it is considered, the very abridged means of subsistance a Catholic Priest has in Ireland, the immense and ceaseless labours he undergoes for that subsistance, the privations and abstemious life he submits to, and the horror any deviation from them would create among his flock and his order, we would not be much surprised if human nature would exhibit more examples of its weakness than one or two Crowleys, particularly when another community proposes, not only a relief from such labours and poverty, but even considers the loose and rampant manners of its clergy no disgrace, to the character of the Priesthood.

The learned and pious Prelate concluded his speech, informing the Society how we were prepared to profit by their assistance; we are at a stand to know by what part of our studies he is warranted to say we are prepared; as we are assured he cannot produce one event in the religious or political His- tory of Ireland that ever expressed any disposition, on our part, to adopt any of the numberless innovations in reli. gion which disgraced and disfigured the History of England.

There are two insurmountable bar. riers among the Irish people that must ever embarrass the progress of the English christ anity in this country. The confiscation of their lands has so firmly established an abhorrence of English manners, that no persuasions, however logically enforced, could persuade an Irishman to listen to apostles who came to conquer, and who thought an exchange of their doctrines an

adequate