in their forlorn situation, to share in their painful sufferings, and support them in their faith, too often put to the most severe trials and as the Church declares of the holy Founder St. John of Matha, "that he built Monasteries, and erected Hospitals," so did his children, successors of his spirit and charity, in succeeding ages. From all which we may justly infer, that the works of mercy, of redeeming Captives and of hospitality, were from its foundation, the distinguished characters of the Order of the Blessed Trinity; and that the Trinitarians, and the Crouched Friars are the same Religious Order. Hence the ingenious and accurate Mr. Lodge speaking of the Convent of Adair, calls it the Crouched Friary, for the Redemption of Captives, imprisoned by Pagans. The Houses, or Convents of this Order, were also for the most part Hospitals, for the reason before mentioned, and were the following i 1. DUBLIN, (in the West suburb, without Newgage,) Priory of St. John Baptist, founded in 1188, by Alured de Palmer, a Dane, of which family were since the Earls of Castlemain. When the Cruciferi, or Crouched Friars were first introduced here, is not certain, but it was certainly one of the richest houses of that Or der in Ireland, and was endowed by many. It was likewise an hospital, and in Edward the Illd's reign maintained 155 poor persons besides Chaplains, and Lay Brothers. The steeple of the Church only remains of the ruins belong ing to this once stately fabric, which along with its possessions were granted to James Sedgrave. 2. KELLS, in the county Meath, Priory and Hospital of St. John Baptist, founded by Walter de Lacy, senior, Lord of Meath, in the twelfth century. 3. DUNDALK, in the county of Louth, Priory of St. Leonard, founded by Bertram de Vernon, in the same century. 4. Down, Priory of St. John Baptist, founded by Sir John de Courcy, Earl of Ulster, (ancestor to the Lords Barons of Kinsale,) in the same century. This house was called the Priory of the English, to distinguish it, says Ware, from another Priory of St. John Baptist, which belonged to the Canons Regular in the same town, and was called the Priory of the Irish. One being founded by an English man, and the other by an Irish man. 5. KILKENNY-WEST, in the county of Westmeath, Priory and Hospital of St. John Baptist, founded by the Tyrells, in the same century. 6. DROGHEDA, the county of Louth side of the river Boyne, Priory and Hospital of St. Mary de Urso, founded by Ursus de Samuele, about 1206. Sir James Ware says, that this house first belonged to the Canons Regular of St. Augustin, and afterwards was given to the Crouched Friars. 7. DROGHEDA, the same side of the river Boyne, Priory of St. Laurence, founded by the Mayor and townsmen of Drogheda. 8. DROGHEDA, the county of Meath side of the Boyne, Priory and Hospital of St. John Baptist, founded by Walter de Lacy, junior, Lord of Meath, in the thirteenth century. 9. ATHERDER (latine de Atrio Dei) commonly called Ardee, in the county of Louth, Priory of St. John Baptist, and the Blessed Virgin Virgin Mary, founded by Roger Pipard, about 1207. 10. NEWTON, near Trim, in the county of Meath, Priory, and Hospital of St. John Baptist, founded by a Bishop of Meath in the thirteenth century. 11. ATHY, in the county of Kildare, Priory of St. John, or St. Thomas, founded by Richard de St. Michaele, Lord of Rheban, in the same century. 12. CASTLE DERMOT, same county, Priory, and Hospital of St. John Baptist, founded by Walter de Riddlesford, in the same century. 13. RANDON, alias Teachon, or John's House, in the county of Roscommon, on the Bank of Loughree, Priory of St. John Baptist, founded by King John, in the thirteenth century. The Nangles were great benefactors to it in the reign of Henry III. 14. ADARE, 1 the county of Limerick, Priory of Priory of the most Holy Trinity, founded same century, by Thomas Fitz-Gerald, the seventh Lord Baron of Offaly, Father to the first Earl of Kildare, and the first Earl of Desmond. their incontinency, in their petition to the Helvetian Republic, for the allowance of wives; and in their Epistle to the Bishop of Constance, in which he and they make a public confession, that the deeds of the flesh, have rendered them infamous in the sight of the churches. That the weakness of their flesh had been more than once the occasion to them of shareful sins. That they burned in such a manner (with lust,) as to have done many indecent things. And that they were not so immoral as to be ill spoken of by their flock, for any other vice, this only excepted.** The chief article in which Zuinglius differ ed from Luther, was that of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, which Zuinglius would have to be a bare figure.-But as was not sharp sigh ed enough to find out it in the writings of one Honius, as we learn from his Epistle to Pomeranus, so he was not able to defend it without the help of a nocturnal monitor, of whom he writes,** that he remembered not whether he was black or white. As to his spirit and temper, it was not unlike that of Luther; his fiery zeal even carried him to war, where he was slain, defend EXTRACT FROM Dr. CHALLONER' ing his new gospel sword inhand, BOOK. A. D. 1531. Luther in his lesser confession,tt declares that " he THE CHARACTER OF THE REST OF despaired of his salvation, because THE CHEP REFORMERS. Continued from page 449. 2. The chief of the Reformers next to Luther, was Ulrick Zuinglius, a Priest of Zurich in Swizerland, who at the head of ten others of the first Protestant preachers in that country, has eft in his printed works an authentic testimony to the world, of his and® not content to persevere in his war against the Sacrament, be had even declared himself as a Pagan in his "Exposition of the Chris tian Faith," by giving a place amongst the blessed souls to impious Pagans, to Scipio an Epicurean; to Numa the instrument of the devil in the institution of idolatry amongst the Romans; to Hercules, Theseus, &c. For what signifies our baptism or the other Sacraments, what does the scripture of Jesus Christ himself avails us, if impious men, if idolaters and Epicureans are Saints ?" So far Luther. 3. John Oecolampadius. was the chief preacher of the reformation at Basil. He was a Brigittine Monk, but exchanged his religious vows for a young wife. He went in with Zuinglius in his notions of the Sacrament, and with him was accursed by Luther. He was found dead in his bed, not long after Zuinglius's tragical end, and Luther will have that he was killed by the devil.t 4. Philip Melancthon, Greek professor at Wittemburg, was Luther's intimate friend and coadjutor. He entered upon the Reforming trade at twenty-six years of age; was as inconstant as Luther in his tenets; and with him subscribed that scandalous license, by which they allowed two wives at once to their grand patron the Landgrave of Hesse. 5. Martin Bucer, a black Friar, broke through his solemn vows by a sacrilegious marriage: he was the chief transactor in procuring the scandalous licence above mentioned, to which he also set his hand. He imposed upon Luther and others by shameful equivocations in the great question concerning the blessed Sacrament; and was the first in T. 2. Fol. 159, b. † L. de mida privata, &. T. 7. ventor of that contradictory system of a real presence of a thing really absent; and of receiving verily and indeed the Body and Blood of Christ in the Sacrament, though they were not verily and indeed there. He was called over into England to assist in the Reformation under King Edward VI. together with Peter Martyr Vermilli, an Italian Canon Regular, and Bernardine Ochin a Capuchin, The former brought oyer with him a woman, (if I mistake not a Nun) whom ho called his wife. The latter was not content with one wife, but wrote a book in defence of Polygamy; and at length he proceeded so far as to deny the blessed Trinity. 6. John Calvin, a Frenchman, the first contriver and architect of the Presbyterian discipline, is charged with crimes of the blackest hue, both by Lutherans and Catholics; nor are some of our English protestants in their writings much more favourable to him. But setting all aside that is objected to him by his adversaries; his own writings will for ever bear testimony, that his spirit was not of God, but a proud, boasting and vain glorious spirit; like Luther impatient of Contradiction; ever breaking out in reproaches and in injurious names, and such like Billingsgate rhetoric against his adversaries; treating with the utmost contempt all modern Church Guides, and preferring upon all occasions his own new private lights, to the unanimous consent of the ancient fathers, as may be seen in almost every page of his institutions, &c. To which I must add his monStrous tenets, which could never : be dictated by the spirit of God. As 1." That God has created the greatest part of mankind on purpose to damn them, without any foresight of their sins or prevarications. 2. That God is the author of all sin. 3. That man hath no freewill. 4. That all sins are mortal, even the first motions of concupiscence before the will consents, and that the best of our works deserve damnation. 5. That the true faithful are infalli bly assured of their justification and salvation, and must firmly believe it and that being once arrived thus far, they cannot falt from justice, though they were to commit the most enormous sins. 6. That Christ was in a state of damnation upon the Cross.** 7. That when earthly Princes erect themselves against God, (that is when they oppose Calvinism, they bereave themselves of their authority, and that we must rather spit in their faces than obey them, &c."++ What wonder after this that his disciples, authorised by this doctrine of their grand Patriarch, have filled all Europe with seditions, rebellions, deposing and murder ing of Princes, &c. * See Collier's Dictionary, Calvinifm. . L. de Prædeft. L. 1. Inft. c. 18. Num. 1, L. c. 23. a. 8. &c. . L. 2. Inft. &c. 3. See Alexander Rofs's View of ReLigions, 237. L. 3. Inft. c. 2. a. 16 & c. 24. In Antid. cone. Trid. in Seff. 6, Opus c. p. 185. tt In Danielis vi v. 22, 25. POLICE.-Dublin experiences frequent changes in its manner of Government under the name of Police, according to the caprice of every itinerant Secretary who visits us here under the form of deputy governors. This fluctuating power, operates to, encrease a taxation, that the trade of the City is very unequal to, since the unfortunate period that extinguished one legislature and independence.-New taxes and new experiments of irritation tend to remind us of the melancholy measure of a Union, none we are assured feel any gratification or ideal security which such frequent alterations speciously promise; but those numerous men, whose abilities, profligacy, and poverty, had rendered so contemptible and wretched, that any measure that would provide for them at the public expence must excite in such excrecenses the most decided approbation, and to prolong their power and emoluments, are aptest to mistate the character and conduct of a people whom they sggravate by the most wanton and shameful acts of vexatious vigilance.Lawyers, whose names are unknown outside of a smoaking club, or tenpenny taverns, are hauled forward from their humble merriment, to be billetted on a bankrupt people. Man hunting Magistrates have influence enough in a foreign assembly, to have laws made to gratify their taste for domiciliary persecution. Statutes actually enacted to bring a notorious character into power, when his fellow citizens ignorant and corrupt as we have seen them, refused to admit him to any share of municipal authority. Since the fanatical Mayoralty of Hutton, we have not witnessed such an hostility to food; at the name of the M-, cabbages get wings, potatoes roll from their vendible stations, and even the mutilated mutton appears reanimated, and abandons the field to the awful Magistrate Magistrate and his ragged barralions. To prevent the profanation of the Sabbath is the avowed cause of such extraordinary acts, by which the laborious part of the community are condemned to be tormented and famished, we would recommend Majors, or Generals, or Bailiffs, who are authorised to preserve the public peace, to have their line of operations defined in a more exact manner, and have it ascertained whether eating on Sundays by the poor, is treason, and have it settled what food they are to use in Dublin, are they to be regulated in their meals by a military Guager, or compelled to adopt the regular regimen of all the rest of Ireland, that of eating potatoes and salt, twenty-one times every week during their lives, The laws in many cases are at variance with each other, and with the Majors who are appoint ed to enforce them. The manufacture of ardent spirits is encour aged by law, and the consumption of them interdicted by the Majors, none must enjoy the comforts of the bottle under the degree of a Trading Justice. The ich will not drink whiskey, they make laws to encourage the manufacture of it, and the Majors imprison for using it. If the use of spirits is to be regulated by fluence men who govern others, and being thus all of one trade, will be careful to promote that particular, for if Shoemakers were our Legislators, the great body of the community would often go barefoot; where landlords are Legislators, the people have a chance of being starved, or made drunk, and if they are politicians in the hands of a dexterous minister, they will suffer the people to steep their commercial degradation in the oblivion of constant inebriety. Drunkeness. destroys reflection, and communicates imbecility, it is only the sober mind that can pursue with steady steps an uniform course of improvement, and rational inquiry. It is this latter description only who are to be feared by jealous monopolists or proud statesmen, and we are assured while a sense of country, or a spirit of commercial activity are necessary to be kept out of an Irishman's view, he ought to get whiskey, and the ignorant vigilance of illi terate Magistrates will receive some considerable check where their vicious interference is so much against the policy and safety of the present order of affairs. THE IRISH. common Constables stationed at ON THE NUTRIMENT ALLOWED the tables of the poor, or at the counter of a whiskey shop, why not check the consumption in the first stage, by placing it beyond the reach of the people; or prohibit the appearance of it under any form. We know this remedy will never be adopted, as the men who make the laws, are Revenue officers and landlords, they will never mend the public morals by spoiling their places or rent rolls, personal interest will always in Berkley the celebrated Protestant Bishop of Cloyne, asserts that were Ireland surrounded with a wall of brass of the most inaccessible height, and were she locked up from any intercourse with the rest of the world, she has such resources within herself particularly possesing the necessaries of life, that she could exist and main tain |