Greene .

Capital.

-WARREN.

It is situated on Mahoning river, on the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal. The town plat is one mile square, with streets crossing each other at right angles, and contained, in 1840, a courthouse, a jail, county offices, three churches, sixteen stores, various mechanic shops, two printing-offices, two hundred and twenty dwellings, and about one thousand five hundred inhabitants. There were in the town twelve schools, six hundred and forty scholars. Population, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-six.

TUSCARAWAS COUNTY.

TUSCARAWAS is situated centrally, in the east part of the state, and contains six hundred and fifty-five square miles. It was formed from Muskingkum in 1808, and received its name from the Indian tribe that inhabited its domain, and signifies open mouth. The surface is various, partly level, and partly rolling or hilly. The soil is very fertile, and generally well cultivated. Watered by Tuscarawas river, and by Sandy, Conoten, Stillwater, and Sugar creeks. Its principal productions are wheat, corn, oats, and potatoes. Iron and coal are found in many parts of the county. It was first settled from western Virginia and Pennsylvania, about 1803. Its towns and their population, in

Sugar Creek. 1,450

865

Capital.-NEW PHILADELPHIA. It is situated on the east bank of Tuscarawas river, on a beautiful plain, opposite to the mouth of Sugar creek. It contained, in 1840, a courthouse, a jail, several stores, a priz ing-office, eighty dwellings, and about five hundred inhabitants.

. 1,445

York.

Union and Van Wert Counties.

UNION COUNTY.

UNION is situated a little northwest of the centre of the state, and contains four hundred and fifty square miles. It was formed in 1820, from Delaware, Franklin, Madison, and Logan, with a portion of old Indian territory. The surface is generally level, and soil fertile. The southwestern portion is prairie-land, the northern and eastern heavily timbered, with a very rich soil, when cleared. Watered by Darby's creek, and other small branches of the Scioto river. The principal productions are, wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, hay, butter, and cheese. Valuable limestone beds, now opened into quarries, occur in the eastern part. Settled first from Virginia chiefly. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were:

Capital.-MARYSVILLE. It is situated on the west side of Mill creek,

a branch of Little Scioto river. It contained, in 1840, a courthouse, of brick, a jail, three stores, fifty dwellings, and about three hundred inhabitants. In 1847, about 560.

VAN WERT COUNTY.

VAN WERT is situated in the west, toward the north part of the state, and contains four hundred and thirty-two square miles. It was formed from old Indian territory, in 1820, and so named in honor of Isaac Van Wert (commonly spelled Wart), of Westchester county, New York, one of the captors of Major André. The surface is level, and the soil varies from the rich alluvium of the bottom-lands of the streams, to light sandy loam. The top soil is chiefly loam, and the subsoil blue marl, very deep, and impervious to water. It is mostly covered by a dense forest. Watered by St. Mary's and Little Auglaize rivers. The principal production is now Indian corn, but when the country shall be cleared and drained, it will probably be one of the richest agricultural districts in the state. It is settled by a mixed and sparse population. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were:—

Capital.-VAN WERT. It is situated on Little Auglaize river, and contains a courthouse, a jail, and a number of dwellings.

Warren and Washington Counties.

WARREN COUNTY.

WARREN is situated toward the southwest part of the state, and contains four hundred square miles. It was formed from Hamilton, in 1803, and named in honor of General Joseph Warren, a distinguished officer of the revolution, who was killed at the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17th, 1775. The surface is elevated, and level, or slightly undulating. Soil very fertile, and well cultivated. The great staple is Indian corn, more than a million of bushels being raised annually within its borders. Wheat and oats are the other principal crops. Watered by the Little Miami river and its branches. The Great Miami crosses its northwest corner. Its streams furnish fine water privileges for milling. or manufacturing purposes. It was first settled in 1795, by Mr. Bedell, of New Jersey, who was soon followed by people from Pennsylvania and from New England. Its towns and their population, in 1840,

between

Capital.-LEBANON. It is situated in Turtle Creek town, two branches of Turtle creek, a branch of Little Miami river, and contained, in 1840, a courthouse, a jail, a library, three churches—one presbyterian, one baptist, and one methodist―several stores, two iron foundries, two woollen factories, one gristmill, one sawmill, two printingoffices, each of which issued a weekly newspaper, and had fifteen hundred inhabitants.

WASHINGTON COUNTY.

WASHINGTON is situated in the southeast part of the state, and contains seven hundred and thirteen square miles. It was the first county formed in the northwestern territory, within the limits of Ohio, and was created by the proclamation of Governor St. Clair, in 1788. The surface is quite hilly and broken, excepting some fine alluvial tracts on the Ohio and Muskingum rivers. The soil is very fertile, and well adapted to grazing and raising fruit. The chief productions are corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes. Wool, butter, cheese, and fruit, are produced in great abundance. On the Big and Little Muskingum rivers, bituminous coal abounds, and in many places carburetted hydrogen gas issues from orifices in the earth, which is easily ignited. Watered by the Great and Little Muskingum rivers, and Duck, Wolf, Little Hockhocking, Cote's, and Bear's creeks. This, the first settled county in Ohio, was peopled by New-Englanders; and their descendants now constitute the principal portion of its population. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were:

Capital.-MARIETTA. It is situated on both sides of Muskingum river, at its entrance into the Ohio river. It is regularly laid out with wide streets, and compactly and neatly built. It had in 1840, a courthouse, jail, a United States land-office, four churches, a banking-house, a market-house, library, female academy, a lyceum, and the Marietta collegiate institute; the courthouse, bank, and collegiate institute, being handsome specimens of architecture, and ornamental to the place. The collegiate institute was founded in 1832, has a president, and seven professors or other instructors, fifty students, and three thousand five hundred volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the last Wednesday in July. The place contained seventeen stores, two steam sawmills, one steam flouring-mill, two carding-machines, four tanneries, an ironfoundry, a ropewalk, two hundred dwellings, and about thirteen hundred inhabitants. It is the oldest town in the state, having been founded in 1788. It was named in honor of Maria Antoinette, the beautiful and *This institution was incorporated in 1835. It is partly of a theological character, having been es tablished for the primary purpose of educating competent teachers and gospel ministers, for the edu cation and spiritual edification of the people of the great Ohio valley. It is in a flourishing condition.

Wayne County.

unfortunate queen of France. Many curious ancient mounds are found in the vicinity. The village contains one college, one hundred students, one academy, fifty-three students, three schools, two hundred and eightynine scholars. Population, eighteen hundred and fourteen. The township, in addition, has six schools, two hundred and thirty-six scholars. Population, eight hundred and seventy-five.

WAYNE COUNTY

WAYNE is situated northeast of the centre of the state, and contains six hundred and fifty square miles. It was established by the proclamation of Governor St. Clair, in 1796, and was the third county created within the limits of Ohio. It was organized in 1808. It was so named in honor of the distinguished General Anthony Wayne, of the revolutionary army. It originally embraced what is now a part of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and all of Michigan. A portion of Wayne was taken in 1846 to form a part of the new county of Ashland. Its surface is rolling, interspersed with level tracts of considerable extent. The soil is rich and productive, especially along the margins of the streams. The chief productions are wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, hay, sheep, and swine. Coal abounds in the northeastern part, and beds of fine limestone are found in the south. Watered by Killbuck river and Chippewa and Sugar creeks, and Lake fork of Mohican creek. It is considered one of the best wheat counties in Ohio. First settled chiefly by New-Englanders. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were:

Capital.-WOOSTER. The village is situated in the forks of Killbuck and Apple creeks, above their junction. It had, in 1840, a courthouse, jail, county offices, a bank, a United States land-office, five churches-one presbyterian, one covenanters, one baptist, one Dutch reformed, and one methodist-twenty-five stores, three printing-offices, one academy, twenty-five students, two schools, sixty-four scholars, one hundred and fifty dwellings, nineteen hundred and thirteen inhabitants. There are in the township twenty-nine stores, capital sixty-eight thousand two hundred dollars; seven tanneries, one distillery, two printingoffices, two weekly newspapers, eight flouring-mills, one gristmill, eleven sawmills, one oil-mill. Capital in manufactures, twenty-one thousand seven hundred dollars. Population, twelve hundred and seven.