fatal day when you honoured us with your presence, the mind of every man in this neighbourhood has been on its march, and although you witnessed the controversy for freedom disputed in the field of blood, and the advocates for Liberty vanquished in their own vineyard, the Pyramid of Reason has been erected on the spot, and the sword of the assassin must speedily be sheathed in his own bosom.

We invited you to Manchester, Sir, under auspices where the prowess and valour of every man, were likely to be tried-you willingly and cheerfully obeyed our call-your words are yet fresh in our remembrance:-you then said "Where the post of danger is there is the post of honour!" After the inhuman slaughter, you urged us to a second and more prepared combat, and bravely offered us your personal assistance;-this indeed proved your real courage. The hour, however, must yet arrive when we hope to avenge the unprovoked murders then witnessed. We will neyou ver cease our efforts till the day of justice comes-at that day you will not fail to accelerate the struggle-a struggle when the watchword-"Death or Liberty," shall echo in the streets, and victory glorious and immortal, shall adorn the page of English history.

Notwithstanding the terrors of monarchical and priestly despotism: we fearlessly avow our religious and political sentiments,-our religion being that of undefiled DEISM-our politics those of unsophisticated REPUBLICANISM. We are yet open to conviction and cannot deny the truth of that passage in the Prophet Isaiah, where it says that- The Princes are rebellious, and the companions of thieves," and we are moreover convinced, that the sooner the rebel and the thief expiate the crime of which they are charged, the sooner will the golden prize of Freedom cheer the drooping spirit of a debased nation.

We look forward with delight to the day of your liberation, for be assured, Sir, you have our unalterable attachment, as well as the admiration of the enlightened and civilized world. We fear not, that the doors of your dungeon will speedily be opened, and you be welcomed to the arms of a brave republican people resolved to be free or die. I remain yous, &c.

JAMES WHEELER.

TO JAS. WHEELER OF BURKE'S SQUARE, MANCHESTER. FELLOW CITIZEN, Dorchester Gaol, April, 20, 1821. I HAVE read with a glowing rapture your address to me of the 9th instant, which duly came to hand. I am happy to find that the Reformers of Manchester are no longer to be bamboozled with the snares and toils of kingcraft or priestcraft. Convinced as I am, that those two crafts have formed the source of all the misery which the inhabitants of this Island endure at this day, I cannot so far succumb and play the hypocrite as to profess the least respect for either. I am further assured that no body of men are qualified to struggle effectually against tyranny unless they have minds unshackled and purged from all attachment to either of those crafts. Naples and Piedmont have given us a proof sufficient of my assertion. Contrast the conduct of the inhabitants of Italy, to that of the brave Republicans of France at the commencement of their revolution, and ask yourself whether the influence of kingeraft and

priestcraft hath not made all the difference. I have learnt with a very deep impression from Paine, that to reason with despots, is throwing reason away: and that the best of argument is a vigorous preparation to resist. I perceive that many professed advocates for a representative system of government, preach a tale about only restoring the British Constitution, to its original purity, and ubout the beauty of a mixed government, of King, Lords, and Commons. I disclaim all participation in such sentiments, and all connection with such men, there is no period in the British history, nor in any other history that I know, where the government existed for the benefit of the whole community, and I shall not say content until I behold every man, who supports himself by his own industry, entitled to vote for a representative in parliament. Neither king or lords weigh a feather in my eye, when the interest of a nation is in question. If they can exist with a full representation, well and good-if not, well and good, let us have a complete representative government in preference. I suspect the honesty of the man who does not come up to this point, or who shrinks from a public advocacy of a similar sentiment. I am for trying the value of all existing institutions or constitutions by the touchstone of a full and complete representation of the people, in which word I embrace every man who lives by his industry, or who has a competency to live without labour. I would not say a word about the abolition of this, that, or the other thing, or of any new institution or constitution until the government was composed of the representatives of the people: then is the proper time for a deliberative reform. Of course I except theoretic arguments, and now speak of practical attempts. Theoretic arguments are mere matters of opinion, and it is only by the clashing of opinions that we can correct our ideas on the real value of things. The first step towards Reform of Parlia ment, or of government, must be the power to choose and assemble. our representatives: any other step taken before that, or any attempt. to fix the people to any particular form of government before that, to me appears inevitably mischievous and fallacious. The Spanish Constitution became well the Spanish Nation last year, but I should think a similar one disgraceful to the reformers of this island, if they were to have it forced upon them before their representatives had assembled. Let us keep all our different plans for constitutions in our pockets, until we can batter down corruption and assemble our representatives; then will be the time to submit plans of constitutions to the public choice and approbation. I have heard, but not seen it, that there is a draft of a constitution, now handing about among the reformers of the north, and that some persons calling themselves a committee of delegates from the reformers, have published it with a declaration, but without any names or references attached. However good this constitution and declaration might be, they carry suspicion with them as to the motives of the issuers. Do nothing, say nothing, print nothing, write nothing, to which you fear to attach your name and responsibility.

I must conclude this letter by assuring you, and my friends at Manchester, whom you represent, that a gaol has made no other change in my principles than by giving them a deeper root in my bosom. I glory in the epithets of Republican and Deist as opposed to the. existing systems of Church and State, and I will continue to propa

gate principles as I conceive pure and conducive to the general welfare of mankind with all the zeal and enthusiasm which my bosom can kindle. I deprecate all associated sects as the common basis of intolerance and persecution, and I would by no means wish to see those persons of my own opinions establish themselves into a distinct association. Let them live as citizens and not as sectarians. Such principles I feel assured must be progressive, and the time will come when those to which they are opposed will fall into decay from the want of advocates, and from the power of that shame and contempt to which all imposture is sooner or later consigned.

I return my thanks to the reformers of Manchester, for the warm support I have continued to receive from them: I have still a vivid recollection of the murders committed on St. Peter's Plain, and I will never fail to use my utmost endeavour, to bring the murderers and their abettors to justice. I am, Si, yours respectfully, R. CARLILE. SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR MR. CARLILE AND

Amount advertised

FAMILY.

From Manchester and its Vicinity.

£.163 16 0

*This sum was received twelve months since, but not mentioned from an inadvertence. It was first subscribed to Mr. Wooler for his Election at Coventry, and withdrawn for the above purpose,

Printed and Published by R. Carlile, 55, Fleet Street, to whom all Communications for R. Carlile (postage paid) are requested to be addressed.-Orders, with remittances, or references for payment, will be punctually attended to.