History of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon in 1815 to the Accession of Louis Napoleon in 1852, Volume 2

W. Blackwood, 1856 - Europe

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Selected pages

CHAPTER	1

The colonies were not a source of weakness to Spain	2

Colonies are always a benefit to the parent state	3

Support which colonies afford to the mother country	4

What the colonial policy of the parent state should	5

Inevitable loss to the parent state from the separation of the colonies	6

Tyrannical rule of old Spain over her colonies	7

The trade of Spain was all with foreign manufacturers	8

Birth of Queen Victoria	420

Sentences on the conspirators	426

Increase of the yeomanry force	434

Probable mode of solving	440

Effect of education in leading to the dispersion of mankind	442

Disfranchisement of Grampound and transfer of its members to Yorkshire	443

Rise of freetrade ideas among the merchants and Lord Lansdownes declaration on the subject	444

6567 Lord Liverpools memorable speech in reply 445447	445

Want of industry in the national character	9

The physical circumstances of Spain favoured commerce but not manufac tures	10

Effect of the longcontinued hostility with the Moors	11

Impolitic laws of Spain in regard to money	12

Important effect of the Romish faith	13

Difference of the towns and country in respect of political opinion	14

Disposition of the army	15

The church	16

State of the peasantry	17

State of the nobility	18

Huge gap in the revenue from the loss of the South American colonies	19

how it was formed 21 Its extreme democratic tendency	21

Utter unsuitableness of the constitution to the generality of Spain	22

Universal unpopularity of the Cortes and constitution	23

Influence of the Cortes on South America	24

effect of the removal of the seat of government	25

Rio Janeiro	27

Its general adoption of English habits and ideas 27 Character of Ferdinand VII	29

Decree of Valencia	31

Universal transports in Spain at this decree and the kings return	32

VOL II	33

Ferdinands despotic measures	34

Discontent in various quarters 36 Revolt of Mina in Navarre	36

Fresh arbitrary decree of Ferdinand	37

Further violent proceedings of the king and Porliers revolt	38

Its failure and his death	39

10	40

Change of ministers and policy at Madrid 42 Restoration of the Jesuits and other despotic measures	42

Double marriages of the royal families of Spain and Portugal	43

Creation of the kingdom of Brazil	44

Insurrection in Valencia 46 Abortive conspiracy in Barcelona and death of General Lacy 34 Reestablishment of the Inquisition 35 36 37 38 39 ib 40 ...	45

ib	46

Papal bull regarding the contribution by the Spanish church	47

Treaty regarding the Queen of Etruria	48

Treaty for the limitation of the slavetrade	49

its army and navy 47 ib 48 49 51 Extreme penury of the finances of Spain Decree April 3 1818	50

Disastrous fate of the first expedition to Lima	53

Fresh revolt at Valencia which is suppressed	54

Causes of the revolt in the Isle of Leon 51 ib 52	55

Efforts of the Cadiz Liberals to promote	56

Insurrection at Cadiz	57

The conspiracy is at first arrested by dAbisbal	58

DAbisbal is deprived of the command of the expedition	59

Additional measures of severity on the part of the Government	60

Yellow fever at Cadiz	61

Sale of Florida to the Americans 53 54 55 56 ib 57	62

11	63

Revolution attempted by Riego 59	64

Vigorous measures adopted against the insurgents	65

Capture of the arsenal and expedition of Riego into the interior	66

Its defeat and failure 61 62	67

Perilous position of Quiroga in the Isle of Leon	68

Insurrection at Corunna and in Navarre	69

the king accepts the constitution	70

Reflections on this revolution	71

Rapid advances of the revolution ib 64 65 67	72

Reception of the revolution at Barcelona Valencia and Cadiz	73

Massacre at Cadiz	74

New ministry at Madrid	75

First measures of the new government	76

Establishment of clubs in Madrid and other revolutionary measures	77

12	78

Tumult at Madrid and dismissal of Riego	79

Closing of the session and rupture with the king	80

Reception of the decree against the priests in Spain	81

Illegal appointment of General Carvajal by the king	82

Return of the king to Madrid	83

New society for execution of lynch law ib 94 Identity of recent history of Spain and Portugal	85

Revolution at Oporto	86

Which is followed by a revolution at Lisbon	87

Establishment of a joint regency at Lisbon	88

Return of Marshal Beresford who is forced to go to England	89

Effect of the banishment of the British	90

Reaction and adoption of more moderate measures ib 101 Commencement of reforms in Italy	91

Breach of the kings promise of a constitution	92

Progressive but slight reforms already introduced	93

Origin of secret societies	94

Their origin and previous history ib 106 Commencement of the Neapolitan revolution	95

Defection of General Pepe and the garrison of Naples	96

The king yields and swears to the constitution	97

Causes which prepared revolution in Sicily	99

Revolution in Palermo	100

Frightful massacre in Palermo ib 112 First measures of the new junta	101

Failure of the negotiations with Naples	102

Suppression of the insurrection in Palermo	103

Renewal of hostilities	104

Meeting of the Neapolitan parliament	105

Insurrection of the galleyslaves in Civita Vecchia	106

Commencement of the revolution in Piedmont	107

Revolt in Alessandria and Turin	108

The king yields and accepts the constitution	109

13	110

General character of the revolutions of 1820 ib 123 What caused their speedy overthrow	111

What should the military do in such circumstances?	112

14	116

A revolt is decided on by the conspirators	122

15	127

Great fall in the price of all sorts of produce	128

17	129

19	131

20	132

21	133

Of the bourgeois and trading classes	135

Way in which it is carried into effect	142

31	143

General use of corporal chastisement	148

Military strength of Russia	154

General corruption in Russia	161

Two different people in Russia	168

Alexanders memorable speech to the Diet	175

23	179

ib 69	180

70	181

71	182

What share had the Holy Alliance in this?	187

24	189

Increasing difficulties of the insurgents	193

26	197

Alexander refuses to support the Greeks	199

27	208

The Archbishop also fails in reducing the mutineers	238

And in that of the west	244

Great reforms in all departments introduced by the emperor	254

He is essentially Russian	260

Debate on the return of the proscribed persons	271

his biography	278

Kings speech at opening the session	284

28	286

29	287

30	288

Rupture with the Doctrinaires	339

Ordonnance regarding public instruction	345

Result of the elections favourable to the Royalists	347

Effect of the change in the Assembly	348

Accession of Villèle c to the ministry	349

Speech of the king and answer of the Chambers	350

Measures of the session fixing the boundaries of the electoral districts	351

Law for additional ecclesiastical endowments	352

Modifications in the cornlaws ib 102 Law for the indemnity of the Imperial donataries	353

Law regarding the censorship of the press	354

Speech of M Pasquier on the occasion	355

Increasing irritation of parties and difficulties of the ministry	356

Rupture with the Royalists and fall of the Richelieu ministry	358

The new ministry	359

Reflections on this event	360

Great effects of the change in the electoral law	361

Defects of the representative system in France	362

Undue ascendancy of the PartiPrêtre ib 112 Cause of the reaction against Liberal institutions	363

Death of Napoleon	364

Reflections on his captivity	365

Great exaggeration regarding the English treatment of him	366

Lamartines account of his exile	368

Irritation between him and Sir Hudson Lowe	369

All parties were wrong regarding his treatment at St Helena	371

Change on Napoleon before his death ib 120 His death	372

His funeral	373

Immense sensation it excited in Europe	374

He was the last of the men who rule their age	375

CHAPTER X	376

Difference in the causes which produced discontent in the two countries	377

Great effects of the change in the monetary laws	378

Mr Smiths views on this subject	379

Great effects of any variation in the value of the standard of value ib 6 Examples of this from former times	380

Discovery and wonderful effects of a paper currency	382

Advantages of a paper circulation duly limited	383

What is the standard of value?	384

Vast effect of variations in the currency	385

When this effect takes place	386

Vast importance of an inconvertible currency as a regulator of prices	387

Meeting of Parliament and measures of Government	414

Appointment of a committee to inquire into agricultural distress	448

7274 Answer by Mr Ricardo 450452	450

Additional facts since discovered on this subject	453

Commencement of the troubles about the queen	454

Sketch of her life prior to this period	455

Her conduct abroad and proceedings in consequence of it	456

Omission of the queens name in the Liturgy and her return to England	457

Her landing in England and enthusiastic reception	458

Views of the Radical leaders on the occasion	459

Enthusiastic reception of the queen at Dover and in Londòn	460

Failure of the negotiations and commencement of the inquiry	461

Scene which ensued on the trial	462

Progress of the trial and its difficulties	463

Peroration of Mr Broughams defence	464

Queens defence and failure of the bill	465

General transports of the people	467

Rapid reaction of public opinion ib 90 Consternation of the Ministry who resolve to remain at their posts	468

Return of popularity of Government and causes of it	469

Meeting of Parliament and first proceedings	470

Debates on foreign affairs	471

Sir James Mackintoshs efforts to improve the criminal law ib 95 Mr Cannings striking speech on Catholic emancipation	472

Answer by Mr Peel	473

Which is carried in the Commons and lost in the Peers	474

Lord John Russells motion for parliamentary reform	475

Appointment of a committee to inquire into agricultural distress	476

Bank Cash Payment Bill	477

Vehement demand for a reduction of taxation	479

Agricultural committee reports and state of the consumption of articles of luxury	480

Increase of the desire for reform among the agriculturists	482

Coronation of George IV	483

Ceremony on the occasion	484

Aspect of Wellington Londonderry and George IV	485

her death	486

Kings visit to Ireland ib 111 Funeral of the queen	487

Dismissal of Sir R Wilson from the army	488

Changes in the Cabinet	489

Retirement of Lord Sidmouth who is succeeded by Mr Peel as Home Secretary	490

Lord Wellesley appointed Viceroy of Ireland and change in the govern ment there	491

Repeated defeats of Ministers in the House of Commons	515

Its provisions	521

Internal changes arising from the same cause	528

Their execution	531

Character of Mr Canning	535

Page 5 His defects	539

Viscount Chateaubriand	540

His merits as an orator	544

His character as a statesman	545

de Villèle	546

His peculiar turn of mind and course of policy	548

de Corbière M Mathieu de Montmorency M de Peyronnet Victor	550

Law regarding the press	551

Its stringent provisions	552

Discussion on it	553

Rise of the Carbonari and secret societies in France	555

Rise of Carbonarism in France ib 18 Abortive conspiracy at Béfort	557

Bertons conspiracy at Thouars	558

Conspiracy at La Rochelle ib 21 Trial and execution of the conspirators	560

Reflections on these events 561	561

Insurrection at Colmar Marseilles and Toulon	563

Budget of 1822	564

Favourable result of the elections to the Royalists	565

State of public opinion	566

Attempted restoration of the royal authority at Madrid	567

Opening of the Cortes and dismissal of the ministers	568

Conduct of the Cortes and appointment of a new Ministry	569

Effect produced in Spain by the crushing of the revolution in Italy	570

Extraordinary outbreak of revolutionary fury in the east of Spain ib 32 Revolutionary laws passed by the Cortes	571

Barbarous murder of the priest Vinuesa	572

Institution of the Order of the Hammer	573

Insurrection in Navarre and appointment of Murillo at Madrid	574

Proceedings of the Cortes	575

Deplorable state of the finances and measures regarding them	576

Fresh tumults in Madrid ib 39 Resignation of General Murillo	577

The secret societies or Communeros	578

Riegos plot at Saragossa and his arrest	579

Suppression of the tumults thence arising at Madrid	580

Yellow fever at Barcelona ib 44 Fresh agitation	581

Refusal of Cadiz and Seville to receive the kings governors and revolt at Corunna	583

Opening of an extraordinary Cortes ib 47 Contradictory resolutions of the Cortes	584

Irresolute conduct of the king and Royalist insurrection in the north	585

Proposed laws against the press and patriotic societies	586

Riots in Madrid on the passing of a bill against the press ib 51 Composition of the new Cortes	587

New ministry	589

Opening of the Cortes and disastrous state of the finances ib 54 General disturbances in Spain	590

Proceedings of the Cortes and progress of the civil war	591

his appearance and character and followers	593

Desperate assault of Cervera	594

Defeat of Misas ib 59 Severe laws passed by the Cortes	595

Great extension of the civil war	596

Deplorable state of the Spanish finances	599

Commencement of the strife between the guard and the garrison ib 64 Departure of the royal guard from Madrid	600

Progress of the negotiations with the insurgents 601	601

Attack of the guards on Madrid and its defeat	602

Destruction of the royal guard	603

Defeat of the insurgents in Andalusia and Cadiz	604

Change of ministry and complete triumph of the revolutionists	605

The new ministry and provincial appointments	606

Murder of Geoiffeux ib 72 Second trial and execution of Elio	607

Civil war in the northern provinces	609

Reflections on this event	610

Capture of Castelfollit and savage proclamation of Mina	611

Continued disasters of the Royalists and flight of the regency from Urgel	612

Great effect produced by these successes of the Liberals	613

CHAPTER XII	615

Lamartines observations on the subject	616

Opposite views which prevailed in Great Britain	617

Repugnance to French intervention	618

Danger of a renewal of the family compact between France and Spain	619

Influence of the South American and Spanish bondholders	620

Immense extent of the Spanish and South American loans	621

Views of the Cabinet on the subject	622

Congress of Verona agreed on by all the powers	623

Members of the Congress there	624

Description of Verona	625

Views of the different powers at the opening of the Congress	626

Brilliant assemblage of princesses and courtiers at Verona	627

Treaty for the evacuation of Piedmont and Naples ib 16 Resolution of the Congress regarding the slavetrade	628

Note of England regarding South American independence	629

Instructions of M de Villèle to M de Montmorency regarding Spain	630

Mr Cannings instructions to Duke of Wellington	631

Measures adopted by the majority of the Congress on the subject	632

England	633

Views of what had occurred in this Congress	635

Views of M de Villèle and Louis XVIII	637

Secret correspondence of M de Villèle and M de Lagarde	638

Debate on it in the Cabinet and resignation of M de Montmorency who is succeeded by M de Chateaubriand	639

The warlike preparations of France continue	641

Failure of the negotiations at Madrid and departure of the French ambas sador	642

Speech of the King at the opening of the Chambers	643

King of Englands speech at opening of Parliament	644

Reply of the Spanish government	645

Hyde de Neuvilles address in reply to the speech of the king	647

Mr Canning adopts the principle of noninterference	654

de Chateaubriands reply in the French Chambers 656663	656

Immense sensation produced by this speech	664

Talleyrands speech on the war ib 55 Vote of credit of 100000000 francs	665

his speech	666

Storm in the Chamber	667

Expulsion of M Manuel	669

Dramatic scene at his expulsion	670

General enthusiasm excited by the Spanish war	671

Preparations of the Liberals to sow disaffection in the army	672

Feelings of Mr Canning and the English people at this crisis	673

Views of Mr Canning at this juncture	674

Portrait of Mr Canning by M Marcellus	676

His opinion as to the probable duration of the war	677

Views of George IV and the Duke of Wellington on the subject	678

Difficulties of the French at the entrance of the campaign	679

Which are obviated by M Ouvrard	681

Forces and their disposition on both sides	682

Theatrical scene at the passage of the Bidassoa ib 73 Progress of the French and their rapid success	685

Advance of the Duke dAngoulême to Madrid ib 75 Advance of the French to Madrid	686

Entry of the Duke dAngoulême into Madrid	688

Advance of the French into Andalusia	689

Proceedings of the Cortes and deposition of Ferdinand VII ib 79 Violent reaction at Seville and over all Spain	691

State of affairs in Cadiz	692

Advance of the Duke dAngoulême into Andalusia and decree of Andujar	693

Its provisions	694

Violent irritation of the Royalists in Spain 695	695

Progress of the siege of Cadiz	696

Assault of the Trocadero	697

Operations of Riego in the rear of the French	698

Defeat and capture of Riego	700

Noble conduct of the Princess Troubetzkoi and the other wives of	704

Distracted and miserable state of Spain	708

Mr Canning did not give independence to South America but only	716

Great effect which this had on the future destinies of France	722

Statistics of France in this year	729

Political inferences from the result of the Spanish revolution	735

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Common terms and phrases

Alessandria Alexander amidst Andalusia appointed ardent arms army Austrian Biog Cadiz capital Carbonari cause CHAP character circumstances civilisation Civita Vecchia Colletta colonies command commenced Congress of Vienna conspiracy constitution convoked Cortes cultivation Custine Czar death declared decree democratic despotic dominions effect emperor empire English entire ere long established Europe force France Freyre Galicia garrison guards Hist hundred immediately immense important influence inhabitants institutions insurgents insurrection Isle of Leon July junta king kingdom labour land Liberal Madrid manner March Martignac measures ment military ministers monarchy Naples Neapolitan nobles officers Old Castile palace Palermo passions peasants Peninsula Pepe persons Poland Portugal Prince prison proclaimed provinces ranks regiments rendered restored revolution revolutionary revolutionists Riego royal Russia Schnitzler Sept serfs Sicily society soldiers soon sovereign Spain Spanish St Petersburg thousand throne tion towns treaty troops Turin ukase Univ Valencia vast VIII violent Warsaw whole

Bibliographic information

Title	History of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon in 1815 to the Accession of Louis Napoleon in 1852, Volume 2 History of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon in 1815 to the Accession of Louis Napoleon in 1852, Archibald Alison
Author	Archibald Alison
Publisher	W. Blackwood, 1856
Original from	the University of Wisconsin - Madison
Digitized	8 Oct 2008

Export Citation	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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History of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon in 1815 to the Accession of Louis Napoleon in 1852, Volume 2

From inside the book

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Contents

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Bibliographic information