bitter tears. Grievous indeed to her was the change which transferred her from that silent mansion and her congenial studies, to the din of ment and of elegant literature, and so accomplished that she read Plato in the original Greek.' In the meanwhile Mary's friends had exerted themselves in Suffolk, in Norfolk, and in Cambridgeshire, where the people detested Northumberland on account of his severity in suppressing the recent rebellion in those parts. There was indeed a very strong party among them that inclined to the Reformation; but when Mary solemnly pledged herself to make no change in the religion or laws of Edward, even these men embraced her cause the cause of legitimacy-with zeal and affection. It was a struggle between the love of hereditary right and the attachment to the new order of things in the church, and the former feeling prevailed. The council and a great number of the nobility had gone to the Tower with Lady Jane, where Northumberland, in a manner, kept them prisoners; but other men of high rank who were in the provinces had hastened to join Mary as soon as they learned where she was. Forces, raised to serve the Lady SION HOUSE.-From Beauties of England and Wales a metropolis and the troubles of an uncertain throne. On the 10th of July, about three o'clock in the afternoon, Lady Jane Grey was conveyed by water to the Tower of London, and there publicly received as queen; for Northumberland was by this time informed not only of the flight of Mary, but of her being so well aware of all that was passing that she was summoning the nobility to her standard. In the course of the evening after Lady Jane's safe arrival at the Tower, the death of King Edward was publicly divulged for the first time, and Jane was proclaimed queen in the city, with somewhat less than the usual formality. The people of London were cold and silent, many of them whispering the name of Queen Mary, and very few of them entering into the spirit of this revolution in the order of succession. The amiable victim of the ambition of others had never entertained any sanguine hopes, and had resisted the project to the utmost. "So far was she from any desire of this advancement, she began to act her part of royalty with many tears, thus plainly showing to those who had access to her that she was forced by her relations and friends to this high but dangerous post." She was in the bloom of her youth, graceful and pretty if not beautiful-most amiable and unaffected-quiet, modest, attached to her young husband and her domestic duty-fond of retire- Jane or Northumberland, went over in a mass; This mansion, situated on the Thames about two miles above Chiswick, is named from a convent of Bridgeteries, founded in 1414 by Henry V. After the suppression of the monasteries, the buildings were retained by the crown during the reign of Henry VIII., and were granted by Edward VI. to Protector Somerset, who founded on the site of the monastic building the noble residence, which has long been a seat of the Northumberland family. On the attainder of Somerset, the mansion reverted to the crown, but was shortly after granted to John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, and it became the residence of Lord Guildford Dudley, his son, husband of Lady Jane Grey. The estate was again for LADY JANE GREY.-After Holbein, feited to the crown by the attainder of the Duke of Northum berland; and in 1557, Queen Mary re-established the monastery. On the accession of Elizabeth, the monastery was again dissolved: and in 1604, the house was granted to Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland. Algernon Percy, son of the above nobleman, and tenth Earl of Northumberland, had the buildings at Sion thoroughly repaired under the direction of Inigo Jones. Although a structure of magnificent dimensions, the exterior of Sion House is without ornament. Some remains of the monastic buildings are still preserved. father shall take it upon him." "Well," quoth the duke, "since ye think it good, I and mine will go, not doubting of your fidelity to the queen's majesty, which I leave in your custody."1 On the morrow, early in the morning, the duke called for his own harness, and saw it made ready at Durham Place, where he appointed all his retinue to meet. In the course of the day carts were laden with ammunition, and artillery and field-pieces were sent forward. When all was ready, Northumberland made a tender appeal to the feelings of the council who were to be left behind, telling them that he and the noble personages about to march with him would freely adventure their bodies and lives in the good cause, and reminding them that they left their children and families at home committed to their truth and fidelity. He also reminded them of their recent oaths of allegiance to the queen's highness, the virtuous Lady Jane, "who," said he, "by your and our enticement, is rather of force placed on the throne than by her own seeking and request;" and in the end he bade them consider that the cause of God, the promotion of the gospel, and the fear of the Papists, the original grounds upon which they had given their good-will and consent to the proclaiming of Queen Jane, bound them to the cause for which he was preparing to fight. Though nearly every man present had made up his mind to declare for Queen Mary as soon as his back should be turned, they all promised and vowed to support the good cause, and Northumberland departed. he marched with his small army of 6000 men through the city, his spirits were damped by the manner and countenance of the people, who ran to gaze at his passage, and he could not help bidding his officers observe that of that great multitude not so much as one man had wished them success, or bade them "God speed." On the Sunday after his departure, Ridley, Bishop of London, whose whole soul was in the revolution as the only likely means to prevent the return of Papistry, preached at Paul's Cross, most eloquently showing the people the right and title of the Lady Jane, and inveighing earnestly not only against the Lady Mary but also against the Lady Elizabeth, of whose religion, it is evident, that doubts were entertained. The Londoners listened in silence. On that same Sunday, the 16th of July, the lord-treasurer stole out of the Tower to his house in the city, evidently to make arrangements for the council going over in a body to Mary. He returned in the night, and two days after, Cecil, Cranmer, and the rest of the counsellors, persuaded the imbecile Duke of Suffolk that it was very necessary to levy fresì. forces and to place them in better hands—tha! and even a small fleet which was sent down the coast to intercept her in case she should attempt to quit England, declared against the usurpation, and hoisted her flag. On the 12th of July, Mary sent an order to Norwich for her proclamation in that important city. The municipal authorities hesitated, being not yet certain of the king's death; but the next day they not only proclaimed her, but also sent her men and ammunition. She had already written to the members of the council to claim the throne, which she said belonged to her by right of birth, by the decision of parliament, and by the will of her father. The council, who were at the mercy of Northumberland, replied that her claims were opposed by the invalidity of her mother's marriage, by custom, by the last will of King Edward, and by the general voice of the people! They had scarcely despatched this answer from the Tower, when they learned that Mary had moved to Kenninghall in Norfolk, and had been there joined by the Earls of Bath and Sussex, Sir Thomas Wharton, son to the Lord Wharton, Sir John Mordaunt, Sir William Drury, Sir John Shelton, Sir Henry Bedingfield, and many other gentlemen of rank and influence. Northumberland now found himself in a dilemma: he dreaded the cabals of the counsellors and courtiers if he left them behind, and he knew not whom to trust with the command of the army if he did not go himself with it. At last he thought of placing the Duke of Suffolk, Lady Jane's father, at the head of the forces, which were to fall upon Mary before she should gain more strength, and, if possible, get possession of her person and bring her to the Tower. But Suffolk had no great military reputation, and Northumberland was more than half afraid of trusting him alone, while the council, for their own safety, were bent upon making the chief plotter go himself. Their manoeuvre was facilitated by the filial tenderness of Lady Jane, who, "taking the matter heavily," with sighs and tears requested that her dear father might tarry at home in her company. "Whereupon the council persuaded with the Duke of Northumberland to take that voyage upon himself, saying, that no man was so fit therefor, because that he had achieved the victory in Norfolk once already, and was so feared there that none durst lift up their weapons against him; besides that he was the best man of war in the realm, as well for the ordering of his camps and soldiers, both in battle and in their tents, as also by experience, knowledge, and wisdom, he could animate his army with witty persuasions, and also pacify and allay his enemies' pride with his stout courage, or else dissuade them, if need were, from their enterprise. Finally, said they, this is the short and long, the queen will in nowise grant that her 1 Stow. But as 2 Ibid is, in their own; and that, to be of full use in support of his daughter Queen Jane, they, her trusty and loyal council, must be permitted to leave the Tower, and hold their sittings at Baynard's Castle, then the residence of the Earl of Pembroke. The council were no sooner arrived at that house than they declared, with one voice, for Queen Mary, and instantly despatched the Earl of Arundel, Sir William Paget, and Sir William Cecil, to notify their submission and exceeding great loyalty. In the course of the same day the council summoned the lord-mayor BAYNARD'S CASTLE.'-From a print by Hollar. and the aldermen to Baynard's Castle, and told them that they must ride with them "into Cheap" to proclaim a new queen; and forthwith they all rode together to that street, where Master Garter, king-at-arms, in his rich coat, stood with a trumpet, and the trumpet being sounded, they proclaimed the Lady Mary, daughter to King Henry VIII. and Queen Catherine, to be Queen of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and Supreme Head of the Church! "And to add more majesty to their act by some devout solemnity, they went in procession to Paul's, singing that admirable hymn of those holy fathers St. Ambrose and St. Augustine, commonly known by its first words Te Deum." The people seemed to triumph greatly in this triumph of hereditary right; and all were joyful except a few who were zealously attached to the new religion, and well acquainted with the fierce intolerance of Mary. The council then detached some companies to besiege the Tower; but the timid Duke of Suffolk opened the gates to them as soon This castle, situated on the banks of the Thames, was founded by Baynard, a follower of William the Conqueror. It was forfeited to the crown in 1111, by one of his descendants. Henry L. bestowed it on Robert Fitz-Richard, a grandson of Gilbert Earl Clare. To this family, in right of the castle, appertained the office of castellan and banner-bearer of the city of London. The castle was burned in 1428, and was rebuilt by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. On his death it was granted by Henry VI. to Richard, Duke of York. The castle was repaired or rebuilt as they appeared, and entering his daughter's chamber, told her that she must be content to be unqueened and return to a private station. It is said that the Lady Jane expressed joy rather than sorrow, and hoped that her willing relinquishment of the honours that had been forced upon her, and her ingenuous conduct, would palliate the error she had committed. While she returned to prayer in an inner room, her father posted off to Baynard's Castle, where he joined the rest of the council, and subscribed the decrees they were issuing in the name of Queen Mary! In the meantime the Duke of Northumberland, who had marched as far as Bury, perceiving that the succours promised him did not come to hand, and receiving letters of discomfort from some of the council, had fallen back upon Cambridge, where, it should seem, he learned the defection of the fleet, and of the land troops that had been raised in the counties. He reached Cambridge on the 18th of July, the day before the proclamation of Mary, in London; and on the 20th of July, the day after that event, of which it appears he was well informed, he, with such of the nobility as were in his company, went to the market-cross of the town of Cambridge, and calling for a herald, proclaimed Queen Mary, and was himself the first man there to throw up his cap and cry, "God save her!" He had scarcely played this part, in the hope of saving his neck, when he received a sharp letter from the council in London, commanding him to disband his army and return to his allegiance to the blessed Queen, Mary, under penalty of being treated as a traitor. This letter was signed, among others, by Lady Jane's father, the Duke of Suffolk, by Cranmer, and by Cecil. The order, as to the army, was scarcely needed, for most of the men had disbanded of their own accord, and almost all the lords and officers who had hitherto followed him, had passed over to Mary, and made their peace by accusing Northumberland as the sole author and cause of their taking up arms against their lawful queen. On the following day, while the duke was still loitering at Cambridge, not knowing whether to flee for his life or to trust to Mary's mercy, and the encouraging circumstance that some of the council, in reality, and all, in appearance, had shared in his treason, he was arrested by the Earl of by Henry VII. According to an old view, it included a square court with an octagonal tower in the centre, and two in the front, between which were square buttresses rising the whole height of the building, with the windows in pairs one above the other. It had access to the river by a bridge and stairs. The castle was possessed by the Earl of Shrewsbury, when it was destroyed in the great fire of 1666. A vestige of one of the octagonal towers may still be seen in the river wall of a wharf which now occupies its site, near the western extremity of Thames Street. greater part of her army, which had never exceeded 13,000 men, and which had never drawn a sword, was disbanded; and on the 3d of Angust, attended by a vast concourse of the nobility, Mary made her triumphant entrance through London to the Tower, where the old Duke of Norfolk, Edward Courtenay, son to the Marquis of Exeter, beheaded in the year 1538, Gardiner, late Bishop of Winchester, and Anne, Dowager-duchess of Somerset, presented themselves on their knees Bishop Gardiner, in the name of them all, delivering a congratulatory oration, and blessing the Lord, on their own account, for her happy accession. It was, indeed, a time of triumph for all of the Catholic party! The queen courteously raised them, kissed each of them, saying, "These are all my own prisoners,” and gave orders for their immediate discharge from the Tower. A day or two after, Bonner, late Bishop of London, and Tonstal, the old Bishop of Durham, were released from the harsh imprisonment to which they had been committed by the Protestant party, and immediate measures were adopted for restoring them and several of their friends-all zealous Papists-to their respective sees. Arundel, who hated him to death, though a little | lated on her happy success by Elizabeth. The before he had professed a wish to spend his heart's blood in his service. The duke, who was utterly devoid of greatness of mind, fell on his knees before the earl, and abjectly begged for life; but Arundel, who rejoiced in his ruin and abasement, carried him off to London and lodged him in the Tower, even as Queen Mary had commanded. The Lady Jane, having, "as on a stage, for ten days only personated a queen," was already in safe custody within those dismal walls; and the Earl of Warwick, Lord Ambrose, and Lord Henry Dudley, the three sons of the Duke of Northumberland; Sir A. Dudley, the duke's brother, the Marquis of Northampton, the Earl of Huntingdon, Sir Thomas Palmer, Sir John Gates, his brother Sir Henry Gates, and Dr. Edwin Sandys, vice-chancellor of the university of Cambridge, who had impugned Queen Mary's rights from the pulpit, were very soon lodged in the same fortress; and two days after these committals Sir Roger Cholmley, lord chief-justice of the King's Bench, Sir Edmund Montague, chief-justice of the Common Pleas, the Duke of Suffolk, and Sir John Cheke, were added to the list of state prisoners: but on the 31st of July the Duke of Suffolk, Lady Jane's father, was discharged out of the Tower by the Earl of Arundel, and soon after obtained the queen's pardon. On the 30th day of this same busy month, the Lady Elizabeth rode from her palace in the Strand (where she had arrived the night before) through the city of London, and then out by Aldgate, to meet her sister Mary, accompanied by 1000 horse, of knights, ladies, gentlemen, and their servants.-presided at the trial. The Duke of NorthumAt this difficult crisis the conduct of Elizabeth, which is supposed to have been prescribed by Sir William Cecil-afterwards her own great minister Lord Burghley-was exceeding politic, and at the same time bold. When waited upon in Hertfordshire by messengers from the Duke of Northumberland, who apprized her of the accession of the Lady Jane, and proposed that she, Elizabeth, should resign her own title in consideration of certain lands and pensions, she replied that her elder sister Mary was first to be agreed with, and that, during her lifetime, she could claim no right to the throne. She determined to make common cause with her sister against those who were bent on excluding them both; she called around her a number of friends to prevent her seizure; she waited the course of events; and, at the right moment, hurried to the capital, whence, as we have seen, she set out, well attended, to welcome Mary and give strength to her party.' The queen travelled by slow journeys from Norfolk to Wanstead, in Essex, where she arrived on the 1st of August, and was congratu 1 Heylin; Holinshed; Speed; Godwin. On the 18th of August, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, his eldest son John, Earl of Warwick, and William Parr, Marquis of Northampton, were arraigned at Westminster Hall, where Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, high-steward of England, the recently liberated captive-the survivor of his accomplished son, the Earl of Surrey berland pleaded that he had done nothing but by the authority of the council, and by warrant of the same under the great seal of England; and he asked whether any such persons as were equally culpable with him, and those by whose letters and commandments he had been directed in all his doings, might be his judges, or sit upon his trial as jurors? The latter query did him no good: the members of the council averred that they had acted under peril-that they had been coerced by the duke—and Suffolk (the father of Lady Jane!) Cranmer, Cecil, and the rest, continued to sit in judgment, and with very little loss of time proceeded to pass sentence. The duke hesitated at no meanness to avert his doom; but self-prostration was of no avail. When sentence was passed he craved the favour of such a death as was usually allowed to noblemen: he besought the court to be merciful to his sons, on account of their youth and inexperience; and then, as a last hope of gaining the queen's pardon by apostasy, he requested that he might be per 2 Stow; Godwin. Bonner had been a prisoner in the Marshalsea, Tonstal in the King's Bench. Noster, and six of the first verses of the psalm In te, Domine, speravi, ending with, "Into thy hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit." Then bowing towards the block, he said that he had deserved a thousand deaths, and laying his head over it, his neck was instantly severed. They took up his body, with the head, and buried it in the Tower, by the body of his victim the late Duke of Somerset, so that there lay before the high mitted to confer with some learned divine for the | psalms of Miserere and De Profundis, his Pater settling of his conscience, and that her majesty would be graciously pleased to send unto him four of her council, to whom he might discover certain things that nearly concerned the safety of her realm. His son, the Earl of Warwick, showed a higher spirit, hearing his sentence with great firmness, and craving no other favour than that his debts might be paid out of his property confiscated to the crown. The Marquis of Northampton pleaded that, from the beginning of these tumults, he had discharged no public office, and that, being all that time intent on hunting and other sports, he had not partaken in the conspiracy; but the court held it to be manifest that he was a party with the duke, and passed sentence on him likewise. next day Sir Andrew Dudley, Sir John Gates, Sir Henry Gates, and Sir Thomas Palmer, were condemned as traitors in the same court.' On Tuesday, the 22d of August, the Duke of Northumberland, Sir John Gates, and Sir Thomas Palmer, were brought forth to Towerhill, for execution. When the duke met Sir John Gates he told him that he On the INTERIOR OF ST. PETER'S CHAPEL IN THE TOWER. 3-Drawn by T. S. Boys, forgave him with all his heart, although he and the council were the great cause of his present condition. Gates replied that he forgave the duke as he would be forgiven, although he and his high authority were the original causes of the whole calamity. From the scaffold Northumberland addressed the people in a long and contrite speech, in which he told them that they should all most heartily pray that it might please God to grant her majesty Queen Mary a long reign. After he had spoken to the people, he knelt down, saying to those that were about him, "I beseech you all to bear me witness that I die in the true Catholic faith ;" and then he repeated the Heylin: Holinshed; Stow; Strype. Godwin says that Northumberland spoke and acted thus, "by the persuasion of Nicholas Heath, afterwards Bishop of York." But it was usual (as we have shown repeatedly) to die in strict conformity to the will of the court. This church was founded by Edward III., and dedicated in the name of "St. Peter in Chains," commonly called "St. Peter ad Vincula within the Tower." The building is simple and without ornament, but has been so disfigured by successive alterations and additions that little of the original structure remains. altar in St. Peter's Chapel two headless dukes between two headless queens-the Duke of Somerset and the Duke of Northumberland between Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Catherine Howard, all four beheaded and interred in the Tower.' The head of Sir John Gates fell immediately after that of Northumberland. Gates also made a long penitential speech on the scaffold, telling the people that he had lived as viciously and wickedly all the days of his life as any man;5 that he had been the greatest reader and worst observer of Scripture of any one living. Sir Thomas Palmer was next beheaded, and in his dying speech he thanked God who had made It contains some ancient tombs, the earliest of which is that of Sir Richard Cholmondeley, lieutenant of the Tower in the reign of Henry VII. In addition to those illustrious personages mentioned in the text, there are buried in this chapel, Fisher, Bishop of Rochester; Sir Thomas More; Cromwell, Earl of Essex; Margaret, Countess of Salisbury; Lord-admiral Seymour, of Sudley; the Protector Somerset; Lady Jane Grey, and her husband, Lord Guildford Dudley; and numerous other persons of historical note |