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all of respondent's sureties might be relieved from liability by doing certain things, and that a failure of respondent to file a new or additional bond would render the office of state librarian vacant. The legislature knew the law, and with such knowledge required the bond. In view of the then existing law, can it be said that the legislature intended to say respondent might give a bond or not, according to his caprice or whim? Were they acting a legislative farce when they provided that he should secure the state in the faithful discharge of the duties of this most important office? We have no right to think so, and in our opinion the natural construction of the different statutes referred to will not only relieve the legislature of a farcical intent, but it will also render operative and beneficial all the statutes touching the subject in hand.

Sections 2633, 2929, 2930, and 2931 are not repugnant to section 5 the act of March 1, 1883. It is said to be so because the last-named law declares that the lieutenant governor shall be ex officio state librarian at all events, and permits no other person to fill the office or perform its duties; and consequently it is claimed that the requirement of a bond is a mere directory provision, which may be disregarded with impunity by respondent, except so far as he might be amenable to the criminal laws of the state. It is true, the legislature declared that the lieutenant governor should be ex officio state librarian; but it was also declared that, before entering upon the duties of the office, the lieutenant governor, as ex officio state librarian, should execute a bond. The first provision was intended to be dependent upon the last. It was not intended that the lieutenant governor should hold the ex officio office without giving and keeping good his bond. Suppose the legislature had created the office of state librarian, and declared that a certain person named in the statute should hold the office until the next general election, but had provided that he should execute an official bond, with sureties, before entering upon the duties of the office: can it be doubted that in such case the person named would have been obliged to file his bond and keep it good, and that in case of failure to do so there would have been a vacancy, which, under section 8 of article 5 of the constitution, it would have been the governor's duty to fill? We think not, and yet it would have been as true in that case that the person named was intended to be state librarian at all events as it is now that the lieutenant governor shall be.

In 1869 "an act to create the county of White Pine, and provide for its organization," was passed by the legislature. It provided, among other things, that certain named persons should be the officers of the county until the next general election. M. W. Kales was made county treasurer. By the act itself no bonds were required. St. 1869, 108. But by the general law relating to county treasurers, each county treasurer, before entering upon the duties of his office, was required to take an official oath and give a bond. The same was true of other officers. Unquestionably their tenure of office depended

upon a compliance with the general law governing qualification, and yet the act creating the county declared that they should be the county officers until the next general election. If the treasurer had said, “I will hold my office without taking any oath or filing any bond, because the latest statute upon the subject declares that I shall be treasurer at all events, and permits no other person to fill the office or perform its duties," he would have found out his error.

The case of People v. Sanderson, 30 Cal. 160, is cited as authority in support of the claim that there is no vacancy in the office of state librarian, even conceding that the statement filed, and the notice, together with the service thereof upon respondent, were sufficient in law. We quote from the opinion:

"The next question is, was there a vacancy in the board of trustees of the state library to be filled at the time of the appointment of the relator by the governor? The act provides that the state library shall be under the direction and control of a board of trustees, to consist of five members, as therein provided. It next provides that the governor and the chief justice of the supreme court shall be ex officio members of the board. This designation is not of an individual or individuals by name, but of certain officers who, by reason of their character as officers, are declared by the act to be members of the board. The appellant in this case could not, under the act, hold the position of trustee except in his character of chief justice of the supreme court. As a trustee he has no power to resign unless he resigns the office on which it depends. There can be no vacancy of the place in the board of trustees so long as there is a chief justice, and no person other than that functionary can fill it, because the statute makes no provision for an incumbent of the place designed to be occupied in the board by the chief justice, other than the person who may for the time be invested with the superior office. The relator cannot fill the place intended by the act to be filled by the chief justice as such, because he does not possess the official character which is essentially a condition precedent to his capacity and power to hold the place alleged on his part to have been vacant, by constitutional consequence, when he was appointed to it by the governor. The legislature by the act evidently intended that the board of trustees should consist of five members, and it is quite as evident that it was intended one of them should be the chief justice of the supreme court, and no other person; but as the chief justice was, at the time, and from thence hitherto has been, constitutionally incompetent to perform the duties of trustee, the act, as to him, and the place to be filled by him, was and is inoperative and void. The conclusion to which we have come on this point is that there was no place in the board of trustees to be filled at the time relator was appointed, as set forth in the information, and that the appointment of the relator trustee was without authority and void."

We cannot agree with many of the conclusions expressed above. In our opinion, under the statutes of California, similar to ours, there was a vacancy in the board, which it was the duty of the legis lature, if in session, to fill; and if it was not in session, that duty devolved upon the governor. It was decided by the court in that case that the chief justice, by reason of his judicial position, could not, under the constitution, exercise the functions and duties of trustee of the state library. In other words, it was in effect decided that one of the persons or officers named in the act who should constitute the board in part was incompetent. The legislative appointment

as to that officer was null. It was as though it had not been made. But that fact did not make the board consist of four instead of five. It still remained true that the board should consist of five members. Why disregard that provision of the statute, simply because, by reason of a mistaken idea of the constitution, the legislature had done a void act? The statute of California (Wood's Dig. art. 2871) provided that "every office shall become vacant upon the happening of either of the following events, before the expiration of the term of such offices. * (8) The decision of a competent tribunal declaring the election or appointment void or the office vacant;" and the second section of the statute creating the board provided that, "in case of a vacancy for any cause in the board of trustees, the legislature shall elect on joint ballot to fill such vacancy. If a vacancy occur when the legislature be not in session the governor shall have power to fill such vacancy until the ensuing session of the legislature." It seems to us that when the supreme court, a competent tribunal, declared the appointment of the chief justice void for constitutional reasons, the board, still consisting of five members, was but four-fifths full, and that as to the other fifth there was a vacancy, which could have been filled by the proper appointing power.

3. It is urged by counsel for respondent that the document filed with the governor and in the office of secretary of state, and the notice claimed to have been served personally upon respondent, were insufficient in law. It is undoubtedly true that, in order to be released from future liability, a surety must proceed, in substance, according to the requirements of section 2930, Comp. Laws. Did Mr. Bliss do so in this case? It is provided by section 2921, Comp. Laws, that official bonds of all state officers, except that of the secretary of state, shall be approved by the governor and filed in the office of secretary of state. Such were the requirements in relation to the bond in question. St. 1883, 102, § 5. Section 2930, Comp. Laws, provides that sureties desiring to be released from bonds of state officers shall file with the governor, who approved them, or with the secretary of state, in whose custody they are kept, "a statement in writing duly subscribed by himself, or some one in his behalf, setting forth the name and office of the person for whom he is surety, the amount for which he is liable as such, and his desire to be released from further liability on account thereof;" and "a notice containing the objects of such statement shall be served personally on the officer.

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By sections 2929 to 2931 the legislature intended to accomplish three things: First, to enable an unwilling surety to absolve himself from future liability; second, to protect the state by giving it notice, through its proper officers, of the desire and intention of the surety to be released; and, third, to give the officer time, after receiving notice, to make good his bond, and thus escape the penalty of forfeiture. A compliance with the statute, sufficiently strict to accomplish the objects intended, should be required.

From the written document filed with the governor and secretary

of state, it cannot be doubted that each of those officers were informed that Mr. Bliss was surety for respondent on his official bond as ex officio state librarian in the sum of $1,000, and that he desired to be released from further liability on account thereof. Those facts, and no others, could be gathered from the paper.

It is said that the statute contemplates a statement and notice; two different papers, each performing a distinct office, differing in form and substance. That they may be different is true, but that they must be so is incorrect. If each contains all that is required to be put in both, neither becomes invalid, because something is inserted therein which might have been left out. A written statement is a series of facts or particulars expressed on paper. The one filed in this case is in the form of a notice addressed to respondent, but it is a statement still. It is a writing informing any one who reads it of all the facts required by the statute to be inserted in a statement, and is sufficient to accomplish all the purposes intended. It is said that the notice should contain the substance of the statement, and also the time when and place where the statement was filed. This notice does contain the entire contents of the statement filed. It is a true copy of the statement. But it need not inform respondent of the time and place of filing-First, because the statute does not require it; and, second, because such notification would be useless and accomplish no useful end. Any officer must be presumed to know the law. He knows that a surety who wishes to be released from his bond must file a statement in one of two places, and serve a notice upon him. When he receives the notice he may and should seek the proper depositary of the statement, and there ascertain its contents, if one has been filed, and if it has not, the notice goes for naught. If it has been filed, it is his duty to proceed according to law and file a new bond. The "objects of the statement" must be inserted in the notice. In other words, the surety, by the notice, must inform the officer what induces him to take action in the premises; what he intends to accomplish. But he need not use the exact language of the statute, and say, "I have filed a statement in the office of the governor, and my object in so doing is to be released from your bond." It is enough if he states the objects without specifying them as such. It is plain that the object of Mr. Bliss in making his statement, in all that he did, was to be released as surety. That object only is contained in the notice. We think the written notice is sufficient in

form and substance.

4. But one other question remains for consideration: was the notice served on respondent personally on July 31, 1885? After careful examination of all the evidence introduced in the case, including surrounding circumstances, we are satisfied that it was.

It follows from the foregoing that respondent is not entitled to hold and enjoy the office of state librarian of the state of Nevada, and, as to that office, a judgment of ouster must be entered against him, with costs. It is so ordered.

(2 Ariz. 50)

SUPREME COURT OF ARIZONA.

WILLIAMS v. TIDBALL and others.

Filed October 24, 1885.

FALSE IMPRISONMENT ARREST BY MARSHAL WARRANT ISSUED BY COMMISSIONER-DESCRIBING PARTY BY FICTITIOUS NAME.

A United States marshal will be justified in making an arrest under a warrant issued by a United States commissioner who did not reside in the judicial district where the alleged offense was committed, describing the party arrested by a fictitious name, when the party arrested is in fact the party against whom the complaint was filed.

Zabriskie & Anderson, for appellants.

Thomas Mitchell, for respondent.

HOWARD, C. J. The only questions presented by the record in this

case were:

First. Is the United States marshal justified in making the arrest of a defendant, within his territory, who is described in the warrant by a fictitious name? We hold that he is, and that the marshal assumes only the risk and responsibility, in execution of such a warrant, of arresting the right man. If the marshal acts in good faith, and exercises due care, the defendant cannot complain. In this case it is not contended that the marshal arrested the wrong man. It is apparent that the respondent was the man complained of, and against whom the complaint was filed, although designated by a fictitious. name. The suit against the marshal for false imprisonment, based upon the fact that defendant was not described in the warrant by his correct name, cannot be maintained. Section 1014, Rev. St. U. S., with section 89, c. 2, Comp. Laws Ariz., settle this question clearly in favor of the justification of the appellant in making the arrest.

The second and only remaining question presented by the record is involved in the fact that the United States commissioner who issued the warrant did not reside in the judicial district where it was alleged on the face of the warrant the offense was committed. We hold, in the reversal of the judgment in this case, that the United States marshal was protected and justified in making arrest by virtue of such a warrant. While it is true, as a matter of proper practice, that commissioners should, in ordinary cases, confine the exercise of their jurisdiction to the geographical limits of their district, yet the plain interpretation of the statute, (U. S. Rev. St. § 1014,) in cases for the violation of the acts of the federal congress, clearly confers power upon the officers enumerated to issue warrants. This provision, when taken in connection with the other acts of congress applicable to the jurisdiction of United States commissioners, clearly expresses the intent of congress to confer upon commissioners jurisdiction co-extensive with the limits of the territory or state. By no act of congress has this

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