10. At quam insolenter statim helluo invasit in eius viri fortunas, cuius virtute terribilior erat populus Romanus exteris gentibus, iustitia carior. In eius igitur viri copias cum se subito ingurgitasset, exsultabat gaudio persona de 5 mimo modo egens, repente dives.' Sed, ut est apud poetam nescio quem 'male parta male dilabuntur.' Incredibile ac simile portenti est, quonam modo illa tam multa quam paucis non dico mensibus, sed diebus effuderit. Maximus vini numerus fuit, permagnum optimi pondus 10 argenti, pretiosa vestis, multa et lauta supellex et magnifica multis locis, non illa quidem luxuriosi hominis, sed tamen abundantis: horum paucis diebus nihil erat. Quae Charybdis tam vorax? Charybdim dico? quae si fuit, animal unum fuit: Oceanus, me dius fidius, vix videtur tot res, 15 tam dissipatas, tam distantibus in locis positas tam cito absorbere potuisse. Nihil erat clausum, nihil obsignatum, nihil scriptum. Apothecae totae nequissimis hominibus condonabantur. Alia mimi rapiebant, alia mimae: domus erat aleatoribus referta, plena ebriorum; totos dies potaso batur atque id locis pluribus: suggerebantur etiam saepenon enim semper iste felix-damna aleatoria. Conchyliatis Cn. Pompei peristromatis servorum in cellis lectos stratos videres. Quam ob rem desinite mirari haec tam celeriter esse consumpta: non modo unius patrimonium quamvis 25 amplum, ut illud fuit, sed urbes et regna celeriter tanta nequitia devorare potuisset. CIC. Phil. II.

11. (a) Videtisne, quos nobis poetae tradiderunt patris ulciscendi causa supplicium de matre sumpsisse, cum praesertim deorum immortalium iussis atque oraculis id fecisse dicantur, tamen ut eos agitent Furiae neque consistere umquam 5 patiantur, quod ne pii quidem sine scelere esse potuerunt? Sic se res habet, iudices: magnam vim, magnam necessitatem, magnam possidet religionem paternus maternusque sanguis, ex quo si qua macula concepta est, non modo elui non potest, verum usque eo permanat ad animum, ut sum10 mus furor atque amentia consequatur. Nolite enim putare, quem ad modum in fabulis saepe numero videtis, eos, qui aliquid impie scelerateque commiserunt, agitari et perterreri Furiarum taedis ardentibus. Sua quemque frans et suus

(10. a.) This council consisted of young men, who, like other young men in India, were willing to reconcile, if they could, the means of acquiring a good fortune with the effects of ruin. Debi Sing took compassion upon them, and undertook to lead them, at one and the same time, through the paths of profit and pleasure. This man possessed, in an eminent degree, the art of pleasing those whom it was his interest to conciliate. It was his study to provide so quick a succession of pleasures, diversions, and entertainments, for the gentlemen who had seats at the 10 council board, that they should not have much leisure to attend to business, or inquire minutely into his conduct.

scene.

(b) His guests were supplied liberally with the choicest music, the finest dancing, the most delicious French wines, the most costly perfumes of India, in short, with every 15 thing that could by possibility add to the luxury of such a This great magician-chaste in the midst of dissoluteness-sober in the midst of drunkenness-active in the lap of drowsiness-watched the favourable moment for the accomplishment of his purposes, and contrived, as if by 20 accident, and not by design, to have papers of the utmost consequence brought to the gentlemen who composed the council, to be signed. Young men, my lords, who are honest themselves, seldom suspect others of dishonest practices or arts; but still less so when their spirits are 25 raised by wine: at such a moment they unsuspectingly signed whatever paper was offered for that purpose; and thus the great ends of these expensive entertainments were fully accomplished. BURKE.

(11.) It is the proud attempt to mix a variety of lordly crimes, that unsettles the prudence of the mind, and breeds this distraction of the brain; one master-passion, domineering in the breast, may win the faculties of the understanding to advance its purpose, and direct to that object everything 5 which thought or human knowledge can effect; but, to succeed, it must maintain a solitary despotism in the mind; each rival profligacy must stand aloof, or wait in abject

terror maxime vexat, suum quemque scelus agitat ainentia15 que afficit, suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque_animi terrent hae sunt impiis assiduae domesticaeque Furiae, quae dies noctesque parentum poenas a consceleratissimis filiis repetant. CIC. pro Sext. Rosc.

(b) Me tamen fugerat, deorum immortalium has esse 20 in impios et consceleratos poenas certissimas constitutas. Nolite enim putare, patres conscripti (ut in scena videtis), homines consceleratos impulsu deorum terreri Furiarum taedis ardentibus. Sua quenque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, sua audacia de sanitate ac mente deturbat. 25 sunt impiorum Furiae, hae flammae, hae faces.

Hae

CIC. in Pisonem.

12. Quanto maiores nostri sapientius! qui cum intellegerent nihil esse tam sanctum, quod non aliquando violaret audacia, supplicium in parricidas singulare excogitaverunt, ut quos natura ipsa retinere in officio non potuisset, magnitu5 dine poenae a maleficio summoverentur. Insui voluerunt

in culleum vivos atque in flumen deici. O singularem sapientiam, iudices! Nonne videntur hunc hominem ex rerum natura sustulisse et eripuisse, cui repente caelum, solem, aquam terramque ademerint, ut qui eum necasset, 10 unde ipse natus esset, careret iis rebus omnibus, ex quibus omnia nata esse dicuntur? Noluerunt feris corpus obicere, ne bestiis quoque, quae tantum scelus attigissent, immanioribus uteremur; non sic nudos in flumen deicere, ne, cum delati essent in mare, ipsum polluerent, quo cetera, quae 15 violata sunt, expiari putantur: denique nihil tam vile neque tam vulgare est, cuius partem ullam reliquerint. Etenim quid est tam commune quam spiritus vivis, terra mortuis, mare fluctuantibus, litus eiectis? Ita vivunt, dum possunt, ut ducere animam de caelo non queant; ita moriuntur, ut 20 eorum ossa terra non tangat; ita iactantur fluctibus, ut numquam adluantur; ita postremo eiciuntur, ut ne ad saxa quidem mortui conquiescant. CIC. pro Sext. Rosc.

the entrance of evil passions into man's mind, has at least 10 forbidden their union: if they meet, they defeat their object, and their conquest, or their attempt at it, is tumult. Each clamours to be heard in its own barbarous language; each claims the exclusive cunning of the brain; each thwarts and reproaches the other; and even while their fell rage assails 15 with common hate the peace and virtue of the world, the civil war among their own tumultuous legions defeats the purpose of the foul conspiracy. These are the furies of the mind, my lords, that unsettle the understanding; these are the furies that destroy the virtue of prudence; while the 20 distracted brain, and shivered intellect, proclaim the tumult that is within; and bear their testimonies, from the mouth of God himself, to the foul condition of the heart.

SHERIDAN.

(12.) If these are the general sentiments of man, what must be their depravity-what must be their degeneracywho can blot out and erase from the bosom the virtue that is most deeply rooted in the human heart, and twined within the chords of life itself? Aliens from nature, apostates 5 from humanity! And yet, if there be a crime more fell, more foul—if there be anything worse than a wilful persecutor of his mother, it is that of a deliberate instigator and abettor to the deed: this it is that shocks, disgusts, and appals the mind more than the other; to view, not a ro wilful parricide, but a parricide by compulsion-a miserable wretch, not actuated by the stubborn evils of his own worthless heart, not driven by the fury of his own distracted brain, but lending his sacrilegious hand, without any malice of his own, to answer the abandoned purposes 15 of the human fiends that have subdued his will! To condemn crimes like these, we need not talk of laws, or of human rules; their foulness, their deformity, does not depend on local constitutions, on human institutes, or religious creeds; they are crimes, and the persons who 20 perpetrate them are monsters, who violate the primitive condition on which the earth was given to man; they are guilty by the general verdict of human kind.

SHERIDAN.

13. (a) Hoc teneo, hic haereo, judices, hoc sum contentus uno: omitto ac negligo cetera: sua confessione induatur ac juguletur necesse est. Qui esset ignorabas: speculatorem esse suspicabare: non quaero qua suspicione; tua te accuso 5 oratione civem Romanum se esse dicebat. Si tu apud Persas aut in extrema India deprehensus, Verres, ad supplicium ducerere, quid aliud clamitares nisi te civem esse Romanum et si tibi ignoto apud ignotos, apud barbaros, apud homines in extremis atque ultimis gentibus positos, 10 nobile et illustre apud omnes nomen tuae civitatis profuisset, ille quisquis erat quem tu in crucem rapiebas, qui tibi esset ignotus, quum civem se Romanum esse diceret, apud te praetorem, si non effugium, ne moram quidem mortis, mentione atque usurpatione civitatis assequi potuit ?

15

(6) Homines tenues, obscuro loco nati, navigant; adeunt ad ea loca quae nunquam antea viderunt, ubi neque noti esse iis quo venerunt neque semper cum cognitoribus esse possunt. Hac una tamen fiducia civitatis non modo apud nostros magistratus qui et legum et existimationis periculo 20 continentur, neque apud cives solum Romanos qui et sermonis et juris et multarum rerum societate juncti sunt, fore se tutos arbitrantur; quocunque venerint, hanc sibi rem praesidio sperant esse futuram. Tolle hanc spem, tolle hoc praesidium civibus Romanis; constitue nihil esse opis in 25 hac voce, Civis Romanus sum;' posse impune praetorem aut alium quemlibet supplicium quod velit in eum constituere qui se civem Romanum esse dicat, quod quis ignoret ; jam omnes provincias, jam omnia regna, jam omnes liberas civitates, jam omnem orbem terrarum qui semper nostris 30 hominibus maxime patuit, civibus Romanis ista defensione praecluseris. Quid si L. Precium, equitem Romanum, qui tum in Sicilia erat, nominabat? etiamne id magnum fuit, Panhormum litteras mittere? Asservasses hominem, custodiis Mamertinorum tuorum vinctum, clausum habuisses, 35 dum Panhormo Precius veniret. Cognosceret hominem ; aliquid de summo supplicio remitteres: si ignoraret; tum si ita tibi videretur, hoc juris in omnes constitueres ut, qui neque tibi notus esset, neque cognitorem locupletem daret, quamvis civis Romanus esset, in crucem tolleretur. CIC. in Verr.