OF THE PROMULGATION, DISTRIBUTION, EFFECT, APPLICATION, INTERPRETATION AND EXECUTION OF THE LAWS IN GENERAL. 1. Acts of the imperial par-| 3. Any provincial act assentliament which affect Canada are deemed to be promulgated and come into force from the day on which they receive the royal assent, unless some other time is therein appointed. 2. The acts of the legislature are deemed to be promulgated: 1. If they be assented to by the Lieutenant-Governor, from the date of such assent; ed to by the LieutenantGovernor ceases to have force and effect from the time at which it is announced, either by proclamation or by speech or message to the Legislative Council and Assembly, that such act has been disallowed, within the year following the reception by the GovernorGeneral of the authentic copy which has been transmitted to him of such act.--(Id. 5771). 2. If they be reserved, from the time at which the Lieuten ant-Governor makes known, 4. An authentic copy, in either by proclamation or by French and English, of the speech or message to the Legis- statutes assented to by the lative Council and Assembly, Lieutenant-Governor, or the asthat they have received the sent to which has been pubassent of the Governor-General | lished as required by article 2, in Council. if a reserved act, is furnished by the Clerk of the Legislature to the Queen's printer, whose duty it is to print the number of copies indicated to him by the Lieutenant-Governor in council and distribute them to those persons designated by orders in council and to the public-members of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly according to joint resolu If, however, they have not been reserved and unless another time has been fixed, they come into force only on the sixtieth day after they have been sanctioned; and if they have been reserved and afterwards assented to, then on the tenth day after their ation in the Quebec Official Gazette (R.S.Q. 5770). tion of the two houses (Id. 5772). 5. The persons entitled to such distribution are: the members of both Houses of the Legislature, and the public departments, administrative bodies, judges, public officers and other persons, mentioned in the orders in council of the Lieutenant-Governor-Id. 5773. 6. The laws of Lower Canada govern the immoveable prop erty situate within its limits. Moveable property is governed by the law of the domicile of its owner. But the law of Lower Canada is applied whenever the question involved relates to the distinction or nature of the property, to privileges and rights of lien, contestations as to possession, the jurisdiction of the courts and procedure, to the mode of execution and attachment, to public policy and the rights of the crown, and also in any other cases specially provided for by this code. The laws of Lower Canada relative to persons, apply to all persons being therein, even to those not domiciled there; subject, as to the latter, to the exception mentioned at the end of the present article. An inhabitant of Lower Canada, so long as he retains his domicile therein, is governed, even when absent, by its laws respecting the status and capacity of persons; but these laws do not apply to persons domiciled out of Lower Canada, who, as to their status and capacity, remain subject to the laws of their country.-C.N. 3; C. C. 79, 2189, 2190, 2191. C C. P. 79, 80, 212. 7. Acts and deeds made and passed out of Lower Canada, are valid, if made according to the forms required by the law of the country where they were passed or made.-C.C. 135, 776. 8. Deeds are construed according to the laws of the country where they were passed, unless there is some law to the contrary, or the parties have agreed otherwise, or by the nature of the deed or from other circumstances, it appears that the intention of the parties was to be governed by the law of another place; in any of which cases, effect is given to such law, or such intention expressed or presumed.-C.C. 1016. 9. No act of the legislature affects the rights or prerogatives of the crown, unless they are included therein by special enactment. The rights of third parties, who are not specially mentioned in any such act, are likewise exempt from the effect thereof, unless the act is public and general. 10. Every act is public unless declared to be private. All persons are bound to take cognizance of public acts; but private acts must be pleaded.-R. S. Q. 5774. 11. A judge cannot refuse to adjudicate under pretext of the silence, obscurity or insufficiency of the law.-C.N. 4. 12. When a law is doubtful or ambiguous, it is to be interpreted so as to fulfil the intention of the legislature, and to attain the object for which it has passed. The preamble which forms part of the act, assists in explaining it.-C.C. 2615. C.C.P. 2, 4. 13. No one can by private agreement, validly contravene the laws of public order and |