the world, or issued by the authority of the Parliament of Canada or of any foreign prince, or state, or government, or any governor or other authority lawfully authorized thereto in any of Her Majesty's dominions, and intended to be used as equivalent to money, either immediately upon their issue or at some time subsequent thereto. and all bank bills and bank post bills;

(a.) "Exchequer bill " includes exchequer bonds, notes, debentures and other securities issued under the authority of the Parliament of Canada, or under the authority of any legislature of any province forming part of Canada, whether before or after such province so became a part of Canada.

421. The expression "false document" means(a.) a document the whole or some material part of which purports to be made by or on behalf of any person who did not make or authorize the making thereof, or which, though made by, or by the authority of, the person who purports to make it is falsely dated as to time or place of making, where either is material; or

(b.) a document the whole or some material part of which purports to be made by or on behalf of some person who did not in fact exist; or

(c.) a document which is made in the name of an existing person, either by that person or by his authority, with the fraudulent intention that the document should pass as being made by some person, real or fictitious, other than the person who makes or authorizes it.

2. It is not necessary that the fraudulent intention should appear on the face of the document, but it may be proved by external evidence.

False docu

ment defined.

defined.

422. Forgery is the making of a false document, knowing Forgery it to be false, with the intention that it shall in any way be used or acted upon as genuine, to the prejudice of any one whether within Canada or not, or that some person should be induced, by the belief that it is genuine, to do or refrain from doing anything. whether within Canada or not.

2. Making a false document includes altering a genuine document in any material part, and making any material addition to it or adding to it any false date, attestation, seal or other thing which is material, or by making any material alteration in it, either by erasure, obliteration, removal or otherwise.

3. Forgery is complete as soon as the document is made. with such knowledge and intent as aforesaid, though the offender may not have intended that any particular person should use or act upon it as genuine, or be induced, by the belief that it is genuine, to do or refrain from doing anything.

4. Forgery is complete although the false document may be incomplete, or may not purport to be such a document as

would

would be binding in law, if it be so made as, and is such as to indicate that it was intended, to be acted on as genuine.

423. Every one who commits forgery of the documents hereinafter mentioned is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to the following punishment:—

(A.) To imprisonment for life if the document forged purports to be, or was intended by the offender to be understood to be or to be used as

(a.) any document having impressed thereon or affixed thereto any public seal of the United Kingdom or any part thereof, or of Canada or any part thereof, or of any dominion, possession or colony of Her Majesty; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 4;

or

(b.) any document bearing the signature of the Governor General, or of any administrator, or of any deputy of the Governor, or of any Lieutenant-Governor or any one at any time administering the government of any province of Canada; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 5; or

(c.) any document containing evidence of, or forming the title or any part of the title to, any land or hereditament, or to any interest in or to any charge upon any land or hereditament, or evidence of the creation, transfer or extinction of any such interest or charge; or

(d.) any entry in any register or book, or any memorial or other document made, issued, kept or lodged under any Act for or relating to the registering of deeds or other instruments respecting or concerning the title to or any claim upon any land or the recording or declaring of titles to land; R.S.C.,

c. 165, s. 3; or

(e.) any document required for the purpose of procuring the registering of any such deed or instrument or the recording or declaring of any such title; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 38; or

(f) any document which is made, under any Act, evidence of the registering or recording or declaring of any such deed, instrument or title; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 38; or

(g) any document which is made by any Act evidence affecting the title to land; or

(h.) any notarial act or document or authenticated copy, or any procès-verbal of a surveyor or authenticated copy thereof; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 38; or

(i.) any register of births, baptisms, marriages, deaths or burials authorized or required by law to be kept, or any certified copy of any entry in or extract from any such register; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 43; or

(j.) any copy of any such register required by law to be transmitted by or to any registrar or other officer; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 44; or

(k.) any will, codicil or other testamentary document, either of a dead or living person, or any probate or letters of administration, whether with or without the will annexed; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 27; or

(1) any transfer or assignment of any share or interest in any stock, annuity or public fund of the United Kingdom or any part thereof, or of Canada or any part thereof, or of any dominion, possession or colony of Her Majesty, or of any foreign state or country, or receipt or certificate for interest accruing thereon; R.S.C., c. 165, ss. 8 and 25; or

(m.) any transfer or assignment of any share or interest in the debt of any public body, company or society, British, Canadian or foreign, or of any share or interest in the capital stock of any such company or society, or receipt or certificate for interest accruing thereon; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 8; or

(n.) any transfer or assignment of any share or interest in any claim to a grant of land from the Crown, or to any scrip or other payment or allowance in lieu of any such grant of land; R.S.Č., c. 165, s. 8; or

(o.) any power of attorney or other authority to transfer any interest or share herein before mentioned, or to receive any dividend or money payable in respect of any such share or interest; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 8; or

(p.) any entry in any book or register, or any certificate, coupon, share, warrant or other document which by any law or any recognized practice is evidence of the title of any person to any such stock, interest or share, or to any dividend or interest payable in respect thereof; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 11; or

(q.) any exchequer bill or endorsement thereof, or receipt or certificate for interest accruing thereon; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 13; or

(r.) any bank note or bill of exchange, promissory note or cheque, or any acceptance, endorsement or assignment thereof; R.S.C., c. 165, ss. 18, 25 and 28; or

(s.) any scrip in lieu of land; R.S.C., c. 165, s 13; or

(t.) any document which is evidence of title to any portion of the debt of any dominion, colony, or possession of Her Majesty, or of any foreign state, or any transfer or assignment thereof; or

(u.) any deed, bond, debenture, or writing obligatory, or any warrant, order, or other security for money or payment of money, whether negotiable or not, or endorsement or assignment thereof; R.S.C., c. 165, ss. 26 and 32; or

(v.) any accountable receipt or acknowledgment of the deposit, receipt, or delivery of money or goods, or endorsement or assignment thereof; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 29; or

(w.) any bill of lading, charter-party, policy of insurance, or any shipping document accompanying a bill of lading, or any endorsement or assignment thereof; or

(x.) any warehouse receipt, dock warrant, dock-keeper's certificate, delivery order, or warrant for the delivery of goods, or of any valuable thing, or any endorsement or assignment thereof; or

(y.) any other document used in the ordinary course of business as proof of the possession or control of goods, or as authorizing,

authorizing, either on endorsement or delivery, the possessor of such document to transfer or receive any goods.

(B.) To fourteen years' imprisonment if the document forged purports to be, or was intended by the offender to be understood to be, or to be used as

(a.) any entry or document made, issued, kept or lodged under any Act for or relating to the registry of any instrument respecting or concerning the title to, or any claim upon, any personal property; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 38.

(b.) any public register or book not herein before mentioned appointed by law to be made or kept, or any entry therein. R.S.C., s. 165, s. 7.

(C.) To seven years' imprisonment if the document forged purports to be, or was intended by the offender to be understood to be, or to be used as

(a.) any record of any court of justice, or any document whatever belonging to or issuing from any court of justice, or being or forming part of any proceeding therein; or

(b.) any certificate, office copy, or certified copy or other document which, by any statute in force for the time being, is admissible in evidence; or

(c.) any document made or issued by any judge, officer or clerk of any court of justice, or any document upon which, by the law or usage at the time in force, any court of justice or any officer might act; or

(d) any document which any magistrate is authorized or required by law to make or issue; or

(e.) any entry in any register or book kept, under the provisions of any law, in or under the authority of any court of justice or magistrate acting as such; or

(f) any copy of any letters patent, or of the enrolment or enregistration of letters patent, or of any certificates thereof; R.S.Č., c. 165, s. 6; or

(g) any license or certificate for or of marriage; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 42; or

(h.) any contract or document which, either by itself' or with others, amounts to a contract, or is evidence of a contract; or

(i.) any power or letter of attorney or mandate; or

(j) any authority or request for the payment of money, or for the delivery of goods, or of any note, bill, or valuable security; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 29; or

(k) any acquittance or discharge, or any voucher of having received any goods, money, note, bill or valuable security, or any instrument which is evidence of any such receipt; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 29; or

(1.) any document to be given in evidence as a genuine document in any judicial proceeding; or

(m.) any ticket or order for a free or paid passage on any carriage, tramway or railway, or on any steam or other vessel; R.S.C., c. 165, s. 33; or

(n.)

(n.) any document other than those above mentioned. R.S.C., c. 165, s. 76.

ged docu

424. Every one is guilty of an indictable offence who, Uttering forknowing a document to be forged, uses, deals with, or acts ments. upon it, or attempts to use, deal with, or act upon it, or causes or attempts to cause any person to use, deal with, or act upon it, as if it were genuine, and is liable to the same punishment as if he had forged the document.

2. It is immaterial where the document was forged.

ing seals.

425. Every one is guilty of an indictable offence and liable Counterfeitto imprisonment for life who unlawfully makes or counterfeits any public seal of the United Kingdom or any part thereof, or of Canada or any part thereof, or of any dominion, possession or colony of Her Majesty, or the impression of any such seal, or uses any such seal or impression, knowing the same to be so counterfeited. R.S.C., c. 165, s. 4.

ing seals of

426. Every one is guilty of an indictable offence and liable Counterfeit to fourteen years' imprisonment who unlawfully makes or courts, regiscounterfeits any seal of a court of justice, or any seal of or try offices, &c. belonging to any registry office or burial board, or the impression of any such seal, or uses any such seal or impression knowing the same to be counterfeited. R.S.C., c. 165, ss. 35, 38 and 43.

427. Every one is guilty of an indictable offence and liable Unlawfully printing proto seven years' imprisonment who prints any proclamation, clamation, order, regulation or appointment, or notice thereof, and causes &c. the same falsely to purport to have been printed by the Queen's Printer for Canada, or the Government Printer for any province of Canada, as the case may be, or tenders in evidence any copy of any proclamation, order, regulation or appointment which falsely purports to have been printed as aforesaid, knowing that the same was not so printed. R.S.C., c. 165, s. 37.

grams in false

names.

428. Every one is guilty of an indictable offence who, Sending telewith intent to defraud, causes or procures any telegram to be sent or delivered as being sent by the authority of any person, knowing that it is not sent by such authority, with intent that such telegram should be acted on as being sent by that person's authority, and is liable, upon conviction thereof, to the same punishment as if he had forged a document to the same effect as that of the telegram.

telegrams.

429. Every one is guilty of an indictable offence and Sending false liable to two years' imprisonment who, with intent to injure or alarm any person, sends, causes, or procures to be sent any telegram or letter or other message containing matter which he knows to be false.