GWL

Gwledig, British title of, 26; title thought
to have been assumed by Eadwine, 44
Gwynedd under Cadwalla, 46
Gyrth, Earl of East Anglia, 89

HADRIAN, the Emperor, wall of, 17
Halidon Hill, the Scots defeated at, 234
Harfleur taken by Henry V., 302; se-
cured by the Duke of Bedford, 303
Harold Hardrada invades England, 94;
is slain at Stamford Bridge, 96
Harold, son of Cnut, chosen king by the
Mercians, 85; death of, 86
Harold, son of Godwine, earl of the
West Saxons, 89; rules England under
Eadward, 90; chosen king, 91; his oath
to William, 93; marches into the
North, 94; defeats Harold Hardrada
at Stamford Bridge, 95; defeated and
slain at Senlac, 98

Harthacnut, chosen king of the West
Saxons, 85; comes to England, and
dies, 86

Hastings, battle of, see Senlac

Hastings, John, claims a third of Scot-
land, 215

Hastings, Lord, turns against Richard
III., 339; execution of, 340
Heathfield, battle of, 46
Heavenfield, battle of, 47
Hedgeley Moor, battle of, 331

Helie de la Flêche opposes William II.,

121

Hengist, traditional leader of the Jutes,
27

Henry I. receives no land at his father's
death, 114; his wars with his brothers,
119; accession and marriage of, 122;
puts down insurrections, 124; conquers
Normandy, 125; his dispute with
Anselm, ib.; judicial reforms of, 127;
makes war in Normandy, 129; loses
his only son, 130; death of, 131
Henry II., early career of, 136; marries
Eleanor, 137; character of, 138; ad-
vances Thomas of London, 140; ad-
ministrative system of, 140-142; ap-
points Thomas archbishop,and quarrels
with him, 143; draws up the Consti-
tutions of Clarendon, 144; persecutes
Thomas, 145; issues the Assize of
Clarendon, 146; renews the itinerant
justices, and inquires into the conduct.
of the sheriffs, 148; has young Henry
crowned, 149; uses strong language
against Thomas, 150; goes to Ireland,
151; renounces the Constitutions of
Clarendon, 153; does penance, 154;
issues the Assize of Arms, ib.; his
domestic troubles, 155; takes the cross
and dies, 157; his weakness on the
Continent and strength in England,
158; literary vigour under, 167
Henry III., minority of, 185; favours
Poitevins under the influence of Peter
des Roches, 187; marries Eleanor of
Provence and favours Provençals, 192;

HER

369

frequently renews the Great Charter,
192; quarrels with Simon de Mont-
fort, 193; surrenders Poitou, 194; is
opposed by Parliament, 195; hopes to
make his second son King of Sicily,
196; misgovernment of, 197; consents
to the Provisions of Oxford, 198;
recovers power, 200; taken prisoner
at Lewes, 201; last years of, 204;
progress of the country in the reign of,
206

Henry IV. (see Derby) Earl of, claims the
throne, 286; meets with difficulties,
289; leans on the Church, 291; rebel-
lion of the Percies against, 293; keeps
James I. as a hostage, 295; suppresses
a rebellion in the North, 296; quarrels
with the Prince of Wales, 298; death
of, 299

Henry V., career of, as Prince of Wales,
297-299; domestic policy of, 299;
claims the crown of France, 300;
defeats the French at Agincourt, 302;
conquers Normandy, 303; forms an
alliance with the Duke of Burgundy,
and is declared heir to the French
throne, 306; marriage and death of,
ib.
Henry VI., accession of, 307; crowned
at Westminster and Paris, 312; mar-
riage of, 317; supports Somerset, 323;
insanity of, ib.; recovery and renewed
insanity of, 324; second recovery of,
ib.; attempts to reconcile the parties,
325; declared a traitor by Edward
IV.,

., 329; restoration of, 333; murder
of, 334

Henry VII., as Earl of Richmond,
genealogy of, 334; invades England,
343; defeats Richard III. and be-
comes king, ib.; supported by the
middle classes, 345; suppresses Lord
Lovel's rising, 346; his relations with
Brittany and France, 348; assailed by
Perkin Warbeck, 350; sends Poynings
to Ireland, 352; restores Kildare to
the Deputyship, 352; secures Warbeck,
ib.; effects an alliance with Scotland,
356; encourages maritime enterprise,
356; fills his treasury, 357; his alliance
with the Archduke Philip, 358; last
years and death of, 358

Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester,
131; declares against Stephen, 134
Henry of Trastamara, 255

Henry, son of Henry II., coronation of,

149; rebellion of, 153; death of, 156
Henry the Fowler, his mode of warfare,

Iceni, the geographical position of, 8;
take part with the Romans, 13;
roused to insurrection by Boadicea, 15
Ictis, probably identified with Thanet, 8
Ida becomes king of Bernicia, 36
Idle, the, Eadwine's victory on, 43
Impeachment of Latimer and Lyons,
262; of Suffolk, 322
Inclosures, growth of, 320
Ine, his rule in Wessex, 53
Innocent III., Pope, influences the elec-
tion of Stephen Langton, 177; puts
England under an interdict, and re-
duces John to submission, 178-180;
declares against the barons, 181-184;
establishes the Friars, 190
Innocent IV. becomes Pope, 195; wins
over Henry III., 196
Inquisition of the Sheriffs, the, 148
Intercursus Magnus, the, 351
Interdict, England under, 178
Investiture, William I. claims the right

of granting, 108; Anselm's position
with regard to, 125; compromise on,
126

Iona, missionaries sent forth from, 47
Ireland, ancient language of, 7; Druids
in, 10; Christianity introduced into, 47;
state of civilisation in, 151; partially
conquered by Henry II., 152; results
of the conquest of, 264; weakness of
the English colony in, 265; under Lan-

JUT

caster and York, 346; under Henry
VII., 350, 351

Ireland, Duke of (see Oxford, Earl of),
supports Richard II., 279; is con-
demned to death, but escapes, 280
Isabella of Angoulême marries John,
174

Isabella of Bavaria, Queen of France,
takes part against her son, 306
Isabella of France marries Edward II.,
225; obtains the deposition of her
husband, 229; gives power to
Mortimer, 231; is placed in seclusion,
232

Isca Silurum, Roman colony of, 14;
martyrdom of Aaron at, 23

Isle of Wight, Jutish settlements in, 28;
plundered by the French, 234
Itinerant justices under Henry I., 127;
under Henry II., 148

JACQUERIE, the, 252

Jacqueline of Hainault, marriage of, 308
James I., king of Scotland, kept in
custody by Henry IV., 295; liberation
of, 307

James IV., king of Scotland, invades
England, 352; marries the daughter of
Henry VII., 356

157;

Jerusalem captured by the Crusaders,
121; captured by Saladin,
Richard I. refuses to look at, 161
Jews, the, encouraged by William II.,
115; protected by Henry I., 128;
massacre of, 160; persecuted by John,
179; banished by Edward I., 212
Jews' House, the so-called, 170
John, king of England, his misconduct in
Ireland, 156; leads the opposition to
William of Longchamps, 161; joins
Philip II. against Richard, 162; ac-
cession of, 173; loses Normandy and
Anjou, 174; appoints an Archbishop
of Canterbury, 177; quarrels with the
Pope, 178; submits to the Pope, 180;
quarrels with the barons, 181; con-
firms Magna Carta, 182; makes war
with the barons, 184; dies, 185

John, king of France, defeated at
Poitiers, 251; brought to England,
252; is liberated, but returns to
England and dies, 254

John Ball, 268

Judicial system of the early English, 31;
of Eadgar, 72; of William I., 107; of
Henry I., 127; of Henry II., 146
Judith accuses Waltheof, 110
Jury of presentment, 147

Jury system, the, germ of, 147; com-
pleted, 321

Justices of the peace, the, origin of, 277
Justiciar, institution of the office of, 116

his position under Henry I., 127
Jutes, probably ravage Roman Britain,
24; subdue Kent, 27; settle in the
Isle of Wight and the mainland oppo-
site, 28

KEM

KEMP, Bishop of London, becomes Lord
Chancellor, 309

Kenilworth, Earl, Simon's castle at, 199
Kenneth, king of the Scots, receives
Lothian from Eadgar, 68

Kenneth MacAlpin unites the Scots and
Picts, 63

Kent, foundation of the Jutish kingdom
of, 27, its inhabitants driven back by
the West Saxons, 35; Gaulish traders
in, 38; accepts Christianity, 39; is
kept by Lawrence from relapsing, 41;
comparative weakness of, ib.

Kent, Earl of (brother of Edward II.),
execution of, 231

Kildare, Earl of, supports the Yorkists,

347; supports Lambert Simnel, ib. ; is
deprived of the Deputyship for sup
porting Warbeck, 350; restored to the
Deputyship, 352

Kilkenny, Statute of, 265

King, authority of the, origin of, 33;
effect of the enlargement of the king-
doms on, 45; increased importance of,
69; limitations imposed by Magna
Carta on, 182; proposed administrative
restrictions on, 195; effect of the revo
lution of 1399 upon, 289
King's Bench, Court of, 212

Knights Bachelors, the, appeal to
Edward, 199

Knights of the shire first admitted to
Parliament, 196; later elections of,
200, 201; importance of their conjunc-
tion with borough members, 245
Kymry, the, origin of the name, 37;
share in the defeat of the Scots at
Degsastan, 42; are defeated by Æthel-
frith near Chester, 43; geographical
dismemberment of, ib.; in alliance
with Penda, 46; weakness of, 49; see
Welsh

LABOURERS, Statute of, 248, 268

Lambeth, ford over the Thames at, 20
Lancaster, Duke of (John of Gaunt),
makes unsuccessful war in France,
257; heads the anti-clerical party,
260; opposes the Black Prince, 262;
reverses the proceedings of the Good
Parliament, ib.; supports Wycliffe,
263; takes the lead at the accession
of Richard II., 266; goes to Spain,
279; marries Catherine Swynford, 282
Lancaster, Earl of (Thomas), opposes
Edward II., 225; execution of, 228
Lanfranc trusted by William Í., 88;
becomes Archbishop of Canterbury,
106; crowns William II., 114; death
of, 117

Langland, William, 259

Langton, Stephen, chosen Archbishop of
Canterbury at Rome, 177; allowed by
John to come to England, 180; pro-
duces a charter of Henry I., 181; his
part in obtaining the Great Charter,
182

Latimer, Lord, impeached, 262

LOU

371

Lawrence, Archbishop of Canterbury,
keeps Kent Christian, 41
Layamon's Brut, 207

Leicester, Anglian settlement at, 36;
earldom of, inherited by Simon de
Montfort, 193

Leicester, Earl of, shares the Justiciar's
office with Richard de Lucy, 140
Le Mans, sieges of, 121
Leo IX., Papacy of, 88

Leofric, Earl of the Mercians, 85, 90
Leofwine, Earl of the Mercians, 84
Leofwine, son of Godwine, earl of the
shires about the Thames, 90

Leopold, Duke of Austria, imprisons
Richard I., 161

Lewes, battle of, 201

Lewis III. (the Bavarian), Emperor,
supports Edward III., 235

Lilla gives his life for his lord, 44
Limoges taken by the Black Prince, 257
Lincoln (see Lindum), settlement of
the Lindiswaras round, 28; establish-
ment of the see of, 107; Stephen taken
prisoner at, 135; cathedral at, 171, 207
Lincoln, Earl of, killed at Stoke, 347.
Lindiswaras, settlement of, 28; possible
advance of, 36

Lindum, Roman city at, 20; Anglian
settlers round, 28

Liveries, see Maintenance and Livery
Llewelyn, career of, 140

Loidis conquered by Eadwine, 43
Lollards, the, rise of, 269; Oldcastle's
leadership of, 300

40

Londinium, see London
London, early importance of the position
of, 20; foundation of the bishopric of,
its commercial position under the
kings of Essex, ib.; acquired and
fortified by Alfred, 62, 63; attacked
by Olaf Trygvasson and Svend, 79;
after the Conquest, 127; supports
Stephen, 131, 134; submits for a time
to Matilda, 135; municipal organisa-
tion of, 169; sends troops to the battle
of Lewes, 201; Wat Tyler in, 269;
Jack Cade in, 323; Edward IV. in, 328
London Bridge, building of, 272
Long bow, the, see Archers
Longchamps, William of, appointed a
justiciar in the absence of Richard I.,
159; is banished, 161

Lord, devotion of Gesiths to their, 30; is
expected to marry, ib.; growth of his
jurisdiction, 72

Lords, House of, names the Duke of
York Protector, 324; decides on his
claim to the crown, 329

Lose-coat Field, 332

Lothian, cession of, to Scotland, 68, 84
Louis VI., king of France, makes war
with Henry I., 129

Louis VII., king of France, divorces
Eleanor of Aquitaine, 137; supports
young Henry's rebellion, 153; takes
part in the second Crusade, 157
Louis (afterwards Louis VIII., king of

LOU

France) opposes John, 184; expelled
from England, 185

Louis IX., Saint, king of France, sur-
renders territory to Henry III., 200;
mediates between Henry III. and the
barons, ib.

Louis X., king of France, succeeded by
his brother, 232

Louis XI., king of France, succeeds his
father, 332; buys off Edward IV., 336
Louis XII., king of France, invades
Italy, 354

Lovel, Lord, insurrection of, 345; sup-
ports Simnel, and is defeated at Stoke,
346, 347

Lucy, Richard de, joint justiciar with
the Earl of Leicester, 140; makes head
against young Henry's rebellion, 153
Ludlow, break-up of the Yorkists at, 326
Lynn supports Stephen, 134
Lyons, Richard, impeached, 262

MAD PARLIAMENT, the, 198
Magna Carta, 182; partially renewed
at the accession of Henry III., 185;
attitude of Edward I. to, 288
Magnus, king of Norway, 85
Maiden Castle, 4

Maine conquered by William I., 91;
failures of William II. in, 121; con-
quered by Philip II., 176; surrendered
to René by Henry VI., 317; the
English driven out of, 319
Maintenance and livery, Statute against,
281; increase of, 321; measures of
Henry VII. against, 345

Malcolm, king of the Scots, his alliance
with Eadmund, 64

Malcolm III., Canmore, ravages Eng-
land, 103; submits to William I., 104;
death of, 119

Malcolm IV. loses North-humberland
and Cumberland, 140

Man, Isle of, subdued by Eadwine, 43
Manfred, king of Sicily and Naples, 195,
197

Manor courts, 141

Mantes burnt by William I., 114
Manx, a Goidelic language, 7
March, Earl of, see Edward IV.

March, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of, his
claim to the crown, 287; imprisoned
by Henry IV., 291; freed by Henry
V., 299

March, Roger, Earl of, grandson of the
Duke of Clarence, named heir by
Richard II., 287

Margaret, daughter of Henry VII.,
married to James IV., 356
Margaret of Anjou marries Henry VI.,
317; gives birth to a son, 323; puts her-
self at the head of the Northern forces,
326; defeats the Duke of York at Wake
field, and Warwick at the second battle
of St. Albans, 328; is defeated at Tow-
ton, 329; is defeated at Hedgeley
Moor and Hexham, 331; reconciled

MON

to Warwick, 333; defeated at Tewkes.
bury, 334.
Margaret, sister of Edward IV., married
to Charles the Rash, 332; protects
Lord Lovel, 346

Margaret, the Lady, 334

Margaret, the Maid of Norway, 214
Margaret, first wife of Malcolm Canmore,

119

Marlborough, Statute of, 204

Marriages of heiresses arranged by the
lord, 117

Marshal, Richard the, 188, 189
Marshal, William, the, guardian of
Henry III., 185

Martin, Master, his exactions, 195
Mary, heiress of Burgundy, 336; marries
the Archduke Maximilian, and dies,
337

Maserfield, Oswald slain at, 48
Massalia, tin-trade of, 8
Matilda, daughter of Henry I., married
to the Emperor Henry V., and to
Geoffrey of Anjou, 131; claims the
crown, 134; fails to maintain her
claim, 135

Matilda, wife of Henry I., see Eadgyth
Maximilian I., Emperor, as Archduke,
marries Mary of Burgundy, 337;
marries Anne of Brittany by proxy, 348
Maximus leads an army out of Britain,

25

Meaux besieged by Henry V., 306
Mercenaries employed on the Continent
by Henry II., 142; temporarily
brought to England, 153, 155; em-
ployed by John, 182

Merchant Adventurers, the, 356
Merchant Gild, the, 169

Mercia, first settlement of, 36; com-
parative smallness of, 41; unites with
other districts under Penda, 46;
accepts Christianity, and rejects the
supremacy of North-humberland, 48;
its relations with Ecgberht, 55; its
relations with Elfred, 60; under
Leofwine, 84; under Leofric, 85, 87;
under Ælfgar and Eadwine, 90
Mercians, the, distinguished from the
Middle English, 36
Merciless Parliament, the, 280
Merton College, foundation of, 207
Middle English, the, first settlements of,
36

Middle Saxons a branch of the East
Saxons, 35

Middlesex, Saxon settlement in, 35
Ministerial responsibility, proposal to
establish, 195

Mirebeau, Eleanor besieged in, 174
Mise of Amiens, the, 200
Mohammedanism, origin and spread
of, 54

Molynes, Lord, ill-treats John Paston,

373

MON

converts made in England by, 40;
character of Irish, 47; Benedictine, 128
Monks contrasted with Friars, 191
Montague, Lord, made Earl of North-
humberland, 331; is deprived of the
earldom, 333; turns against Edward
IV., and is killed at Barnet, 332
Montfort, de, see Simon de Montfort
Morkere becomes Earl of North-humber.
land, 90; is present at Eadgar's elec
tion, 98; submits to William, 102; is
banished, 103

Mortimer, Edmund, see March, Earl of
Mortimer, Roger, paramour of Queen
Isabella, 229; governs in the name of
Edward III., 231; is hanged, 232
Mortimer, Sir Edmund, imprisoned by
Glendower, 293

Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 328
Mortmain, Statute of, 212
Morton, Thomas, Bishop of Ely, after-
wards Cardinal and Archbishop of
Canterbury, gives advice to Bucking-
ham, 341, 342; his 'fork,' 349
Mount Badon, British victory at, 28
Mowbray, Robert of, rebellion of, 120

NAVARRETE, battle of, 255
Navy, Alfred's, 60
Neolithic man, 3

Nevill, influence of the family of, 324
Nevill, George, Archbishop of York,
deprived of the Chancellorship, 332
Nevill's Cross, battle of, 242,
Newark, death of John at, 185
Newcastle-on-Tyne, foundation of, 120
New Forest, the, making of, 110; death
of William II. in, 122

Nigel, Bishop of Ely, Treasurer of
Henry I., Stephen's attack on, 134; is
re-appointed Treasurer, 140
Norfolk, origin of the name of, 28
Norfolk, Duke of, banished by Richard
II., 283

Norfolk, Earl of, see Bigod, Roger
Norham, award of the crown of Scotland

at, 216

Norman Conquest, the, 96-103
Normandy, early dukes of, 80; institu-
tions of, 81; its condition under
Robert, 118; pledged to William II.,
121; recovered by Robert, 124; con-
quered by Henry I., 125; conquered
by Geoffrey, 136; Henry, Duke of,
137; conquered by Philip II., 174, 176;
invaded by Edward III., 240; con-
quered by Henry V. ,303; re-conquered
by the French, 320

Normans favoured by Eadward, 87;
their style of architecture, 89
Northampton, Archbishop Thomas
called to account at, 145; battle of,
326

North-humberland, component parts of,
36; united by Ethelric, 41; divided
by Penda, and re-united under Oswald,
47; is again divided, but re-united

OXF

under Oswiu, 48; its relations with
Ecgberht, 55; overrun by the Danes,
58; Danish kingdom in, 62, 63; is
amalgamated with England, 64; its
condition under Cnut, 84; under
Siward, 84, 87

Northmen, their attacks on England,
56; religion of, 57; see Danes
Northumberland invaded by Malcolm
Canmore, 119; given to Henry, son
of David I., 133; recovered by Henry
II., 140
Northumberland, the Earl of, assists
Henry IV., 284; quarrels with Henry
IV., 293; imprisoned and pardoned,
294; defeated and slain, 296
Norwich, establishment of the see of, 107
Nottingham, Anglian settlement at, 36;
seizure of Mortimer at, 232

Nottingham, Earl of, opposes Richard
II., 279; is made Duke of Norfolk
and banished, 283

ODA, ARCHBISHOP, advocates the celi-
bacy of the clergy, 65; separates
Eadwig and Ælfgifu, 67

Odo oppresses the English, 102; is
banished by William II., 115

Offa, king of the Mercians, defeats the
West Saxons at Bensington, 53; his
dyke, 54

Olaf Trygvasson, 79, 80

Oldcastle, Sir John, burnt as a Lollard,
300

Old Sarum, earthworks of Sorbiodunum
at, 34

Ordainers, the Lords, 226

Ordeal, system of, 32; continued by
Henry II., 146

Ordovices, the, resist the Romans, 14
Orleans, siege of, 309

Orleans, Duke of, Charles, captured at
Agincourt, 303; ransomed, 315

Orleans, Duke of, Louis, makes an alli-
ance with Glendower, 295; murdered,
296

Ormond, Earl of, supports the Lancas-
trians, 346

Osric governs Deira, 48

Ostorius Scapula arrives in Britain, 13;
conquests of, 14

Oswald, bishop of Worcester, 68
Oswald, King of North-humberland, his
greatness and piety, 47; is slain at
Maserfield, 48

Oswini, his relations with Aidan, 48;
is murdered, ib.

Oswiu unites North-humberland, 48;
defeats Penda, ib. ; decides for Wilfrid
against Colman, 50

Otho, Cardinal, legate of Gregory IX.,