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CAI

Caint, the, occupied by the Cantii, 8
Calais taken by Edward III., 243;
besieged by the Duke of Burgundy,
313

Caledonians, the, wars of Agricola with,

16

Cambridge, the Earl of, execution of,

301
Camulodunum, Cunobelin's headquarters

at, 12; Roman colony of, 13; captured
by Boadicea, 15

Cannon, first use of 242

Canterbury, Æthelberht's residence at,
38; Augustine preaches at, 39; founda-
tion of the archbishopric of, 40; murder
of Archbishop Thomas at, 150; Henry
II. does penance at, 153; architecture
of the choir of, 171; disputed election
of the Archbishop of, 177
Canterbury Tales, the, 270

Caractacus, defeat and flight of, 13
capture of, 14

Carausius claims to be emperor, 22
Carham, battle of, 84

Carlisle fortified by William II., 119
Carnarvon, Edward I. builds a castle at,

210

Carriages and carts, 273

Carucage substituted for Danegeld, 162
Cashel, synod at, 152
Cassel, battle of, 235

Cassiterides, the geographical position
of, 8

Cassivelaunus, resistance to Cæsar by, 11
Castile, intervention of the Black Prince

in, 255; united with Aragon, 349
Catherine of Aragon married to Prince
Arthur, 356; marriages proposed for,
357

Catherine of France marries Henry V.,
306; marries Owen Tudor, 335
Catuvellauni, the, position of, 9; at-
tacked by Cæsar, 11; subsequent
history of, 12

Caxton, William, establishes a printing
press at Westminster, 358
Ceawlin overruns the Severn Valley,
35; defeated at Wanborough, 36
Celibacy of the clergy, early opinion in
favour of, 65; inculcated at Cluny, 67
Celtic Christianity, influence of, 47, 49.
Celts, the, succeed the Iberians in
Western Europe, 5; are divided into
two stocks, 7; know their conquerors
as Saxons, 29.

Ceorls, distinguished from Eorls, 29; are
the tillers of the soil, 30

Chancellor, the official position of, 127;
becomes a judge, 260

Charles Martel defeats the Mohamme-
dans, 54

Charles the Great, Emperor, 55, 63
Charles the Simple, king of the West
Franks, 63; cedes Normandy to Hrolf,
80

Charles IV., king of France, death of, 232
Charles V., king of France, opposes the
English in Spain, 255; summons the

CLU

Black Prince to Paris, 256; renews
the war against the English, ib.; avoids
a battle, 257.

Charles VI., king of France, defeats the
Flemings, 278; allies himself with
Richard II., 282; loses his senses, 295;
disinherits the Dauphin, 306; dies, 307
Charles VII., king of France, as Dau-
phin, falls into the hands of the Armag-
nacs, 303; is present at the murder of
John, Duke of Burgundy, 305; is dis-
inherited, 306; claims to succeed to
the crown at his father's death, 307;
his weakness, 309; is helped by the
Maid of Orleans, 310; is crowned, 311;
consents to a truce, 317; renews the
war, 320

Charles VIII., king of France, succeeds
to the crown, 348; invades Italy, 352;
death of, 354

Château Gaillard built by Richard I.,
165; lost by John, 354.
Chaucer,

Tales, 270

Geoffrey, his Canterbury

Chester (see Deva) submits to William
I., 103

Chinon, Henry II. dies at, 157
Chippenham, Treaty of, 59
Chivalry, 235

Christ Church, at Canterbury, privileges
of, 177; expulsion of the monks of, 178
Christianity introduced into Britain, 23;
into England, 39; character of early
English, see England, the Church of
Chronicle, the, begun under Ælfred, 61;
continued at Worcester, 68, 129; com-
pleted at Peterborough, 129

Church of England, see England, the
Church of

Cinque Ports, the, 218
Cirencester, see Corinium

Cistercians, the, introduced into Eng-
land, 129; decline of asceticism
amongst, 167; are fined by John, 179
Clare, Gilbert de, see Gloucester, Earl of
Clare, Richard de, see Strongbow
Clare, Richard de, see Gloucester, Earl

of

Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, sent to Ire-
land, 265

Clarence, George, Duke of, brother of
Edward IV., created a duke, 329;
marries Warwick's daughter, and quar-
rels with Edward IV., 332; put to
death, 336

Clarence, Thomas, Duke of, brother of
Henry IV., killed at Baugé, 306
Clarendon, the Constitutions of, 144; the
assize of, 146

Claudius, the Emperor, plans the con
quest of Britain, 13

Clergy, the, see Ecclesiastical Courts,
England, Church of

Clericis Laicos, the Bull named, 220
Clifford, Lord, stabs the Earl of Rutland,
328

Cluny, clerical celibacy inculcated at, 67;
reforms originated at, 107

1

CNU

THE FIRST VOLUME

Cnut, reign of, 83-85
Cobham, Eleanor, mistress and wife of
the Duke of Gloucester, 315; does pen-
ance for witchcraft, 316

Colleges, first foundation of, at Oxford,

207

Colman disputes with Wilfrid, 50
Columba founds a monastery at Iona, 47
Columbus discovers the West Indies, 354
Commerce between Britain and Gaul,

8, 12; between England and Gaul,
38; under the Angevin kings, 168;
under Edward I., 211; under Edward
III., 235, 236; under Henry VII., 351
Common Pleas, establishment of a sepa-
rate Court of, 212

Commons, the House of (see Parlia-

ment), finally separated from the
Lords, 243; struggle of, against unpar-
liamentary taxation, 244; importance
of the constitution of, 245; supported
by the Black Prince, 261; influence
over the elections of, 281; proposes to
confiscate Church property, 294; ad-
dressed by Edward IV., 329
Compurgation, system of, 32; set aside
by Henry II., 146, 147

Comyn, John (the Red), slain by Bruce,

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Corinium (Cirencester), West Saxon
conquest of, 35

Cornish, the, derivation of the old lan-

guage of, 7; submit to Ecgberht, 55
Cotentin, the, sold to Henry, 119
County courts derived from the shire-
moots, 141

Courtenay, Bishop of London, supported

by the citizens against Lancaster, 263
Crecy, battle of, 241, 242
Cressingham, Sir Hugh, governs Scot-
land in the name of Edward I., 219
Crown, the, see King

Crusade, the first, 120; the second, 157;
the third, 161; against the Albigeois,
193; the seventh, 204
Cumberland, origin of the name of, 37;
annexed by William II., 119; left to
David I., 133; regained by Henry II.,

140

DOR

365

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DANEGELD, levy of, 81; abolition of, 143
Danelaw, the, formation of, 59
Danes, the, invade England, 58; make
peace with Alfred, 59; extent of the
settlements of, 62; are amalgamated
with the English, 64; relations of
Dunstan with, 67; reappear as in-
vaders, 79; conquer England, 81-83;
settle in Ireland, 152

Darc, Jeanne, delivers Orleans, 310;
conducts Charles VII. to Rheims, 311;
martyrdom of, 312

David I., king of the Scots, invades
England, 131

David II. (Bruce), king of Scotland, 232;

takes refuge with Philip VI., 234;
restoration of, 240; taken prisoner at
Nevill's Cross, 242; restored by
Edward III., 252.

David, brother of Llewelyn, executed,

140

David, Earl of Huntingdon, 215
David, St., piety of, 42
Decorated style, the, 247

Degsastan, Æthelfrith's victory at, 42
Deira, formation of the kingdom of, 36;
is merged for a time in North-humber-
land, 41; accepts Christianity, 46; is
finally merged in North-humberland,
48; Danish kingdom of, 62, 63
Deorham, battle of, 35

Derby, Earl of (son of John of Gaunt),
opposes Richard II., 279; defeats the
Duke of Ireland, 280; becomes Duke
of Hereford, and is banished, 283; suc-
ceeds to the Duchy of Lancaster, 284;
and forces Richard II. to abdicate,
285; see Henry IV.

Dermot invites Strongbow to Ireland, 152
Despensers, the, 228, 229

Deva, Roman colony of, 14, 19
Devizes, surrender of the castle of, 134
Dialogus de Scaccario, 167
Diocletian reorganises the Empire, 22
Domesday Book, III

Domestic life in Eadgar's time, 75
Domfront occupied by Henry, 119
Dominic, St., 190

Dominicans arrive in England, 191

Donald Bane made king of the Scots by
the Celts, 119

Dorchester, abandonment of the see of,

107

DOR

Dorset, Marquis of, his relations with
Richard III., 338

Druids, character of the, 10; resist
Suetonius, 14

Dublin, Danish settlement in, 152

Du Châtel, Tannegui, murders the Duke
of Burgundy, 305

Du Guesclin, Bernard, supports Henry of
Trastamara, 255; his mode of fighting
with the English, 256
Dunbar, Balliol defeated at, 219
Duncan II., king of the Scots, 120
Dunstan, character and work of, 65;
banished by Eadwig, 67: becomes
Eadgar's Minister, ib.; his attitude
towards the monks, 68; supports
Eadward's succession, 78; death of, 79
Dupplin, Edward Balliol's victory at, 234
Durham, architecture of the choir and
galilee of, 171

EADGAR, reign of, 67

Eadgar, king of the Scots, 121
Eadgar the Etheling, early years of, 90;
chosen king, 98; is abandoned, 100
Eadgyth married to Eadward the Con-
fessor, 87

Eadgyth married to Henry I., 122; is
known as Matilda, 124
Eadmund Ironside, 83

Eadmund, king of East Anglia, killed
by the Danes, 58

Eadmund, king of the English, 63
Eadred, king of the English, 64
Eadward the Confessor, his life in
Normandy, 85; is chosen king, 86;
his relations with Godwine, 87; makes
William his heir, 88; dies, 91
Eadward the Elder, reign of, 62; his
relations with the Scots, 63
Eadward the Etheling, death of, 90
Eadward the Martyr, 78

Eadwig, reign of, 64; his quarrel with
the clergy, 65; his marriage and death,
67
Eadwine, king of North-humberland,
greatness of, 43; marries Æthelburh,
44; is converted and slain, 46
Eadwine, son of Elfgar, becomes Earl
of the Mercians, 90; is present at
Eadgar's election, 98; submits to
William, 102; is murdered, 103
Eadwinesburh, see Edinburgh
Ealdhelm as a builder and teacher, 51
Ealdormen, the, are the leaders of the
English conquerors, 30; preside over
the folk-moot, 33; growing power of,
73; their position under Æthelred the
Unready, 79.

Ealdred, Archbishop of York, crowns
William I., 100

Earl, title of, derivation of, 64
Earldoms under Cnut, 83; diminished

after the Norman Conquest, 105
Early English architecture, 171
East Anglia, first settlement of, 28;
growth of, 36; comparative weakness

EDW

of, 41; its relations with Ecgberht, 55;
overrun by the Danes, 58

East Saxons establish themselves to the
north of the Thames, 28; capture
London, 35; see Essex'

Easter, dispute on the mode of keeping, 50
Ebbsfleet, landing of the Jutes at, 27;
landing of Augustine at, 39
Ecclesiastical courts, jurisdiction of, 106;
conflict of Henry II. with 142
Ecgberht, at the court of Charles the
Great, 53; becomes king of the West
Saxons, and over-lord of the other
kingdoms, 55

Edinburgh, Eadwine builds the castle
of, 43; occupied by the Scots, 68
Edmund Crouchback, second son of
Henry III., named king of Sicily and
Naples, 196; supposed primogeniture
of, 286
Education in the time of Ælfred, 61;
in the time of Dunstan, 65; carried on
at Oxford, 167, 207

Edward I., appeal of the Knights Bache-
lors to, 199; taken prisoner at Lewes,
201; defeats Earl Simon at Evesham,
203; takes part in the seventh Crusade
204; becomes king, 208; constitutional
position of, 209; his dealings with
Wales, 210; finance of, 211; judicial
reforms and legislation of, 212; ar-
anges for a personal union between
England and Scotland, 214; erects the
Eleanor crosses, 215; awards the Scot-
tish crown to John Balliol, 216; his
relations with Philip IV., 218; sum-
mons the Model Parliament, 218; his
first conquest of Scotland, 219; grants
the Confirmatio Cartarum, 220; his
second conquest of Scotland, 221; in-
corporates Scotland with England, 222;
his third conquest of Scotland, and
death, 224

Edward II., birth of, 210; succeeds to
the crown, 224; marriage of, 225; re-
sistance of the barons to, ib.; defeated
at Bannockburn, 226; overthrows
Lancaster and effects a constitutional
settlement, 228; deposed and mur-
dered, 229

Edward III., accession and marriage of,
231; does homage to Philip VI., 232;
sets up Edward Balliol in Scotland
and begins war with France, 234;
allies himself with the Emperor and
the cities of Flanders, 235; encourages
trade, 236; is named Imperial Vicar,
237; claims the crown of France, 239;
wins the battle of Sluys, ib.; marches
through the north of France, 240;
wins the battle of Crecy, 241, 242;
takes Calais, 243; constitutional pro-
gress under, ib.; restores David Bruce,
252; makes peace with France, 253;
enters on a fresh war with France, 256
Edward IV., as Earl of March, takes
part in the battle of Northampton, 326;
wins the battle of Mortimer's Cross,

EDW

THE FIRST VOLUME

and is acknowledged by the Londoners
as king, 328; wins the battle of Tow-
ton, and is crowned, 329; marries
Elizabeth Woodville, and promotes
her kindred, 331; allies himself with
Burgundy, 332; loses and recovers
the crown, 334; invents benevolences,
335; invades France, 336; puts Cla-
rence to death, 336; death of, 337
Edward V. succeeds to the throne, 337;
lodged in the Tower, 340; deposed,
341; murdered, 342

Edward, Prince of Wales, see Black
Prince, the

Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Henry
VI., birth of, 323; slain at Tewkes-
bury, 334

Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Richard
III., death of, 342

Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Henry II.,
137; imprisonment of, 155; takes part
with John against Arthur, 174
Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I.,
accompanies her husband on the Cru-
sade, 204; death of, 214

Eleanor of Provence marries Henry III.,

192

Eleanor, sister of Henry III., marries
Simon de Montfort, 193

Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV.,
proposed marriage of the Dauphin to,
336; proposed marriage of Richard
III. to, 342; marries Henry VII., 345
Elmet conquered by Eadwine, 43
Emma marries Æthelred, 81
Empire, the Western, revived by Charles
the Great, 55

Empson and Dudley, exactions of, 357.
England, early social and political insti-
tutions of, 29-32; contrasted with
Gaul, 37; commerce with Gaul re-
newed by, 38; Christianity introduced
into, 39; growing power of three
kingdoms in, 41; character of the later
conquests in, 44; political changes in,
45; spread of Christianity in, 49; in-
fluence of Church Councils on the
political unity of, 52; Ecgberht's over-
lordship in, 55; attacks of the North-
men and Danes on, 56; its condition
under Ælfred, 60; its relations with
Scotland, 63, 68; development of the
institutions of, 69; Danish conquest
of, 79-83; Norman conquest of, 96-103;
Norman constitution of, 113; civil war
in, 134; pacification of, 137; adminis-
trative reforms of Henry II. in, 140;
made tributary to the Papacy, 180;
military reforms in, 154; effect of the
reign of Henry II. on, 158; constitu-
tional result of the administration of
Hubert Walter in, 163; growth of
learning in, 167; growth of commerce
in, 168; architectural changes in, 170;
the Barons' Wars in, 200-203; archi-
tectural and literary growth in, 206,
207; complete national unity of, 208;
completion of he Parliamentary con-

FEU

367

stitution of, 218, 220, 228, 243; relieved
of tribute to the Papacy, 258; social
and moral condition of, during the
Wars of the Roses, 330

England, the Church of, Wilfrid's in-
fluence on, 50; parochial organisation
of, ib.; its close connection with the
State, 52; councils of, ib.; organisation
of, after the Norman Conquest, 106;
its relations with Stephen, 134; and
with Henry II., 149; result of the
Angevin reigns on, 166; Papal exac-
tions resisted by, 194; payments ex-
acted from, 197; temporary Parlia
mentary representation of the clergy
of, 219; taxation resisted by the clergy
of, 220; social condition of, 236; supports
Henry IV., 291; members of noble fami-
lies in the episcopate of, ib.; procures
a statute for burning heretics, 292; pro
posal to confiscate the property of, 294
English, the, origin of the name of, 28;
nature of their conquest of Britain, 29;
village settlements of, ib. ; division of
ranks among, ib.; effect of the con-
quest of Britain on the language of,
31; early political organisation of, ib.;
early judicial system of, 32; position
of, under William I., 104; support
William II., 115; support Henry I.
124; cease to be distinguished from
Normans, 155; reappearance of their
language in literature, 207; predomi.
nance of their language, 258
Eorls, distinguished from Ceorls, 29;
their relation to Gesiths, 30
Erse, a Goidelic language, 7
Eskimos, compared with paleolithic
men, 3

Essex, Saxon settlement in, 28; is de-
pendent on Kent, and accepts Chris-
tianity, 40; relapses into heathenism,
41; comparative weakness of, ib.
Eustace, Count of Boulogne, visits
Eadward the Confessor, 87

Eustace, son of Stephen, death of, 137
Evesham, battle of, 203

Exchequer, the, organised by Roger of
Salisbury, 127; disorganised under
Stephen, 134; reorganised under
Henry II., 140; establishment of a se-
parate Court of, 212

Exeter taken by William I., 102

FADDILEY, battle of, 35

Falaise, Treaty of, 154; abandoned by
Richard I., 159

Falkirk, Wallace defeated at, 222
Faukes de Breauté, banishment of, 187
Ferdinand V., king of Aragon, marries
Isabella of Castile, 349

Ferry Bridge, skirmish at, 429
Feudality, early forms of, 81; after the
Norman Conquest, 104; organised by
William I., 113; Flambard's further
organisation of, 116; ideas of Edward
I. on, 214

FIT

Fitz-Osbern, William, oppresses the

English, 102

Five Boroughs, the, 62

Flambard, Ranulf, tyranny of, 116; im-
prisonment of, 122; escapes, 124
Flanders, commercial intercourse with,
211; Edward I. in, 221; alliance of
Edward III. with, 235; falls under
the control of France, 278

Flemings emigrate to Wales, 128; in-
troduced as weavers by Edward III.,
236

Folk-moot, functions of the, 33
Fountains Abbey, 129

France, social condition of, 235; miser-
able state of, 251, 252; friendship of
Richard II. with, 282
Francis of Assisi, St., 190

Franciscans, the, constitution of, 190;
arrive in England, 191

Frederick I., Barbarossa, Emperor, sup-
ports an anti-pope, 145

Frederick II., Emperor, excommunica-
tion of, 194; death of, 195

Freemen, gradual disappearance of, 69
French, the, Dukes of, 63; Hugh Capet,
king of, 80

Friars, the, orders of, 190; arrive in
England, 191

Fyrd, the, a general army of the villagers,
30; Elfred reforms, 60; comparative
disuse of, 69; retained after the Nor-
man Conquest, 106; see Assize of Arms

GAELIC a Goidelic language, 7
Gainas, the, settlements of, 28
Gainsborough, origin of the name of, 28
Garter, the order of the, institution of, 246
Gascoigne, Chief Justice, 299

Gaul, trade of Britain with, 8, 12; per-
sistency of Roman civilisation in, 37;
renewal of trade with, 38

Gauls arrive in Britain, 8

Gaveston, Piers, favoured by Edward
II., 224; execution of, 226
Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, marries the

Empress Matilda, 131; conquers Nor-
mandy, 136

Geoffrey Fitz-Peter, Justiciar, 163
Geoffrey, son of Henry II., marries the
heiress of Brittany, 155; dies, 156
Gesiths, the, personal devotion of, 30;
their relation to the Ceorls, ib. ; their
name changed to that of Thegns, 31
Gewissas, the, combine with Jutes, 28;
see West Saxons

Ghent, Jacob van Arteveldt at, 235;
Philip van Arteveldt at, 278
Giraldus Cambrensis, 167

Glanvile, Ranulf de, captures William
the Lion, 154; writes the first English
law-book, 167

Glastonbury, Dunstan, abbot of, 65;
proceedings of Dunstan at, 106
Glendower, Owen, heads the Welsh,
293; decline of the power of, 296

GUT

Glevum (Gloucester), Saxon conquest of
35

Gloucester, Duke of (brother of Edward
IV.), see Richard III.

Gloucester, Duke of, Humphrey (brother
of Henry V.), appointed Protector,
307; marries Jacqueline of Hainault,
308; quarrels with Cardinal Beaufort,
309, 314; his relations with Eleanor
Cobham, 315; advocates a war policy,
317; death of, 318

Gloucester, Duke of, Thomas, son of
Edward III., heads the opposition to
Richard II., 279; driven from power,
280; murdered, 282

Gloucester, Earl of (Gilbert de Clare),
allies himself with Earl Simon, 200;
becomes one of the three Electors, 201;
joins Edward against Simon at Eves-
ham, 203

Gloucester, Earl of, see Robert
Gloucester, Earl of (Richard de Clare),
quarrels with Earl Simon, 199; joins
Earl Simon, and dies, 200
Gloucester, see Glevum
Godfrey of Bouillon, 121
Godwine becomes Earl of the West
Saxons, 84; supports Harthacnut, 85;
charged with the murder of Elfred,
86; governs under Eadward, 87; out-
lawed, 88; return and death of, 89
Goidels, the, a branch of the Celts, 6;
languages spoken by the descendants
of, 7

Good Parliament, the, 262
Granada, conquest of, 349
Graupian Hill, the, battle of, 17
Great Council, the, composition of, 113;
urges William to name an archbishop,
117; summoned to Rockingham, 118;
becomes unimportant under Henry I.,
126; frequently consulted by Henry
II., 141; meets at Clarendon, 144;
remonstrates with Henry III., 188,
192; refuses money to Henry III.,
194; begins to be known as Parlia
ment, 195; see Parliament
Gregory 1., Pope, finds English slave-

boys at Rome, 28; sends Augustine to
England, 39

Gregory VII., Pope, his relations with
William I., 107

Gregory IX., Pope, demands money
from England, 194

Grey, John de, nominated Archbishop of
Canterbury by John, 177; unpopu-
larity of, 178

Grey, family of, favoured by Edward
IV., 331

Grey, Sir Thomas, execution of, 301
Grossetête, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln,
opposes Henry III., 194, 195; death
of, 197

Gualo, legate of Honorius III., 185
Guthrum defeats Elfred, 58; makes
peace at Wedmore, 59; cedes London
to Ælfred, ib.; extent of the kingdom
of, 62

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