Theme. The Incarnation.

Line 2. Summus opilio: Hebrews xiii., 20.-7. Pugnaturus induit: Ephesians vi., 16, 17.-Tunicam, the garment of the flesh.-8, 9. Thalamo puellae: see Hymn IV. of Ambrose, line 13, p. 12, and note.

HYMN XV.

In Mone, 1, 118; a translation by Mrs. Charles, Christian Life in Song, p. 178. There are three more stanzas in Mone. The hymn has been ascribed to St. Bernard, and Mone thinks it good enough to be his.

Theme. The Suffering of Christ. Line 1. Dulcis: Psalm xxxiv., 8. "Amemus Iesum, quia dulcis est." Augustine, Serm. 130, 3; and so, abundantly with the fathers. Mrs. Charles omits "the epithet 'dulcis,' as not precisely rendered by any corresponding English adjective."-Spes pauperis: Matt. xi., 5.-14. Pigmenta, spices, a common meaning in late Latin. Med. Lat. Dict.-21. Supply sumus.· 22. Tu te, usually printed as one word, tute; supply es ex.— -27. Tyranni : daiμóvwv Tupavviç. Chrysost., De S. Romano, 2.-51. Zēlus, neut., as in late Greek.

HYMN XVI.

In Daniel, 1, 343; Wackernagel, 1, 243, two forms. Translation in Schaff's Christ in Song, p. 309; from Neale's Mediaeval Hymns, p. 173; Shipley's Lyra Messianica, p. 419; version by J. W. Hewett. Some copies have Alleluia after each line. Fifteenth century.

Theme. The Ascension.

Line 9. Daniel reads, and Neale translates:

"In hoc triumpho maximo."

"In this great triumph of our King."

HYMN XVII.

In Mone, 1, 86. Of the fifth century.

Theme. Alleluia. From Septuagesima, i. c., the seventieth day before Easter, to Easter Sunday, the Alleluia is not sung. Special Alleluia hymns are therefore sung on the evening before this intermission.

Line 2. Aetherei: "Aliud est coelum aëreum, aliud aethereum." Gregory, M. Hom. in Ev., 2, 29, 5.-3. Perenne, in contrast with the alleluias of earth.-13, 14. (Vos) victores capitis almum decus.-19. Supply est.-22. Suavisonus, sweet, adj. in no dict.

HYMN XVIII.

In Daniel, 2, 53; Mone, 1, 88; The Seven Great Hymns, p. 148; Neale's Mediaeval Hymns, p. 43, a translation. It is attributed by Neale and his followers to Godeschalcus, or Gotschalk, a German monk, who died about 950. He is to be carefully distinguished, says Neale, from Godeschalcus, who was condemned as a heretic on predestination. The Proses given as his by Wackernagel and Daniel are much like this.

Theme. Glory to God. Psalm cxlviii.

Line 7-9. Rev. xiv., 3.-17. Cauma, -atis, n. (xaỡμa), heat, in the Vulgate, Job xxx., 30, last ed. of White and Riddle.-33. Frequentans: agrees with genus humanum, line 31.-39. Socii: the choir of priests.-41. Pueruli: a special choir of boys.—43. Omnes: the people.

HYMN XIX.

In Daniel, 1, 261. A translation by Mrs. Charles, Christian Life in Song, p. 198; Neale, Mediaeval Hymns, p. 182. The thirteenth century.

Theme. Alleluia.

Line 8. Hierusalem, i. e., Ierusalem; note the accent on the penult. For the use of H in such words, see p. 272, Hymn II., line 2, note on Heli.-11, 12. Psalm cxxxvii., 1.-15, 16. See remark on theme, Hymn XVII., p. 311.

HYMN XX.

Neale's Mediaeval Hymns, p. 163; Schaff's Christ in Song, translation by Prof. T. C. Porter, of Lafayette College, p. 254. Thirteenth century.

Theme. The Resurrection of Christ. Mark xvi,

Line 3. Morte: abl. of separation. H., 425; A. and G., 54, 1, b. 8. Iacobi (Mary the mother) of James.-15. Monumento: dative for ad monumentum (John xx., 4), as we use to in English for indirect object and end of motion.-20. Quia, that. John xx., 24-29.

AUCTORES INCERTI-MARIA, SCOTIAE REGINA, 208–210. 313

HYMN XXI.

In Daniel, 1, 239; Mone, 1, 319; Wackernagel, 1, 84; Trench, p. 311; and the Breviaries. Translation in Neale's Mediaeval Hymns, p. 18. It is of the seventh or eighth century. The later versions, as in the Breviarium Romanum, polish it up a good deal. It is also used in parts, making three different hymns. It has been one of the most fertile sources of happy hymns. Trench speaks of two of these German hymns as "lovely " and "glorious." "Jerusalem, my happy home," and "O mother dear, Jerusalem," are known as universal favorites with our English people, and have a venerable antiquity and interesting history. See Neale's Hymns on the Joys and Glories of Paradise, p. 18; The New Jerusalem, Edinburgh, 1852; Prime's "O Mother Dear Jerusalem," New York, 1865.

Theme. The New Jerusalem. The Dedication of a Church. Line 1. Dicta pacis visio, a translation of the Hebrew word Jerusalem, current as early as Origen. Hom., ix., 2.—2. 1 Peter ii., 5.-3. Rev. xxi., 2—angelis coronata. Some read co-ornata; some, plausibly, angelico ornatu; Trench, ab angelis ornata.-4, 5. (Urbs) veniens, praeparata, copuletur Domino ut sponsata.-6. Supply sunt. For the description, see Rev. xxi., 19, 21.-10. Tunsionibus, from tunsio, -nis, pounding; a late derivative from tundo. Not in the dictionaries. Said by Mone to be French.— 13, 14. Ephes. ii., 20. The Church militant is distinctively Syon, i. e., speculatio, looking to the far off; the Church triumphant is Jerusalem, i. e., visio pacis. So says Trench after Durandus.-17. Canore; Mone, canoro. A. and G., 47, 3, c.-18. Favore: Mone, fervore. Whether the two last stanzas are part of the original poem is eagerly disputed.

XXXV. MARIA, SCOTIAE REGINA.

In Königsfeld, 1, 256; Schaff, p. 449.

From the Prayer-book of Queen Mary, and generally believed to be her composition.

XXXVI. MARTIN LUTHER AND PHILIP C. BUTTMANN. Life.-MARTIN LUTHER was born at Eisleben, Nov. 10, 1483, and died there, Feb. 18, 1546. This hymn is first known as printed in Augsburg, 1529. It has been generally believed to have been composed there during the sitting of the Diet. The translation into Latin by Buttmann was first published in 1830, at a jubilee to celebrate the publication of the Confession of Augsburg. BUTTMANN, the great grammarian and philologist, was born in 1764, and died in 1829, shortly before the publication of this translation. The hymn, besides its great merits as a lyric of Christian heroism, is of national importance as part of the history of Germany. There are earlier translations into Latin, some of them very good. The text of the hymn, as first printed in High-German, is as follows.

Theme. God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble. Psalm xxxv.

Line 5, 6. (Is, i. e., diabolus), cui (est) mos (terrere), iam ter terret nos.- 8. 1 Peter v., 8.-9. Illi (diaboli, leoni).-23. Dux saeculi, prince of this world. John xvi., 11.-24. Matt. iv., 10.

XXXVII. TOPLADY AND GLADSTONE.

Life.-AUGUSTUS MONTAGUE TOPLADY was born in Surrey, 1740; studied at Trinity College, Dublin; was vicar of Broadhembury, Devonshire; and wrote some polemic tracts for Calvinism, and some good hymns, of which the best and most eminent is the one here given. He died in 1778.

WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE was born in Liverpool, Dec. 29, 1809; graduated as a double first-class at Oxford, 1831; was in Parliament, 1832; Lord of the Treasury, 1834; married, July 25, 1839, to a daughter of Sir Stephen R. Glynne, Lord Lyttleton at the same time marrying her sister. In commemoration of this double marriage was published, in 1861, "Translations by Lord Lyttleton and the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone," in which the