that Dr. Newton's collect on of plates has been reprinted and adapted to this work, and may be had of the fame pub ifhers. Now Newton's plates (originally published in 1752) are well known for their extreme neatnefs, and for prefenting fom: kind of figure of upwards of 4000 plants, but they are, at the fame time, fo extremely minute, and fo clofely crowded together, that very little of fatisfactory information can be derived from them. Thefe, however, fuch as they are, may be purchafed feparately of the publishers of this work, at the price of fourteen fillings. As this book is in the form of a Dictionary, no Index would have been neceffary, but for the fake of the references above pointed out.

POLITICS.

ART. 34. An Hiftorical Apology for the Irish Roman Catholics.
By William Parnell, Efq. 8vo.
58. Dublin,
Fitzpatrick; London, Harding. 1807.

147. PP.

The work before us is characterized, we believe by Dr. Duigenan, as "an Abridgment of Mr. Plowden's ponderous and now almoft forgotter. work." Short however, as it is, we have found it fufficiently tedious, and have frequently, by an involuntary impulfe, quitted the task of perufing it. The profeffed object of the author is to fhow that the Romish religion in Ireland would have been torpid and inactive, had it not been roused by perfecution, and that, after all, the effect which the refentment of the Roman catholics had in creating rebellions has been very much exaggerated."

He begins by endeavouring to fhow that, in early periods, rebellions were just as frequent when the government was catholic, as afterwards when it became proteftant. But the occafional ftruggles and infurrections of a half-conquered and uncivilized people against invaders and (in their opinion) ufurpers, cannot be compared to the fyftematic revolts, in after times, against a long eftablished and fettled government. That the frequent revolts of the Irish chieftains previously to the Reformation must have arifen from other caufes than difference of religion, is fufficiently obvious, but furnishes no proof that, fince that period, religious animofity has had no influence. Even fo early as the reign of Edward the VIth, the author, though he ftrives to diminish, does not wholly deny the influence of religion on political events in Ireland. During the fubfequent fhort reign of Mary, the Roman catholics, we are told, did not make use of their afcendancy to perfecute the proteftants, though the author feems to think they had ample grounds for retaliation. But though he afferts generally, that "their religious feelings had been treated with very little ceremony during the two preceding reigns," he has not

produced

produced a fingle inftance of ill treatment endured by them for their religious opinions; and it only appears that during the few years that popery had regained its afcendancy in both countries, the bigotted queen and her advifers had found fufficient employ. ment for perfecution in England alone. Not fatisfied however with maintaining the doctrine that religion had little influence in exciting the early revolts of the Irish chiefs, the author invaria. bly, and frequently on very flight grounds, concludes the Englifh government to have been in the wrong. That the Irish re

bellions in Queen Elizabeth's reign. "have been afcribed to the influence of Roman catholic zeal by Roman catholic as well as proteftant writers" is fairly admitted by this author; but in the teeth even of these popish authorities, he undertakes to prove the contrary.

*

Were we to follow him through this fatement, we should only have to repeat our obfervations on Mr. Plowden's "Historical Review." We will therefore refer our readers to our account of that work, obferving however that the present author" admits that the Irish chieftains," in the war they were waging, derived the most important advantages from profeffing and incul cating in (on) their followers the most devoted attachment to the See of Rome; that, "in confequence, fupplies of money and men were obtained from the Pope and the King of Spain, that

vicars and jefuits were fent over to Ireland,' " and that "Mac Egan, the Pope's vicar, never allowed any Irish papist that ferved the Queen to be pardoned when taken prifoner.

In difcuffing the tranfactions during the reign of James and Charles the first, the author's profeffed object is to show, that the great rebellion which took place in the reign of the latter of thefe monarchs (1641) was, in a great measure, the confequence of an erroneous, and, in fome inftances, oppreffive policy on the part of the English government. Yet he praises many of the meafures of King James the firft; who, he juftly obferves, "enforced the laws of England throughout Ireland, extended the protection of government to the lower orders, and fecured every man in the poffeffion of his property." After this admiffion, and after a juft and energetic description of the mischievous effects arising from the old Irish or Brehon law of property, which this fovereign had abolished, he accufes him of " enormous confifcations of property, and a decided hoftility against the Roman catholics." Thus he endeavours to account for and, in fome degree, to palliate the fubfequent atrocious conduct of the Irish Romanifts, and particularly the horrid maffacres in 1641. Here the train of this writer's argument closes, and he fairly confeffes, that after this period, it would be idle to deny, that catholic bigotry had a very large share in exciting and prolong

* Brit. Crit. vol. xxii. p. 648.

The author proceeds are general grounds for the re moval of all állattices from the inth Romanits. On this part of the work there is attle scarica to zamik, as it is chiefy a tranícrise of his exploded arguments on the capitulation or (as he is pieded to ten it tray of Limerick. Such is his infa. tiation on the fubject of that intrament, which never (fo far as it related to the Irth Romanits in general) was fianctioned by Parlament, that he fets it in oppoftice to His Majesty's coronation cath, the folemn pledge of his adherence to the conftitu. tion of our Church and State!!! Had that capitulation ftipu. lated for the Romanis in general there privileges which they now claim, and had it been confirmed by the Irih Pariliament, even then, we fould have thought the facred pledge required from the very beginning of King William's reign, would be equally binding on his facceffors. But I an expofition of the real facts renders this writer's arguments ridiculous in the extreme. In the latter part of this work he raves against the proteftants of Ireland and the English minifters, as perfecutors, with a fury that reminds us of Mr. Burke's remark on the French revolutionifts, that they "declaimed against monks in the spiriș of a monk."

MEDICAL.

ART. 35. A Commentary on the Treatment of Ruptures, particu, Larly in a State of Strangulation; by E. Geogbagan, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Honorary Member of the Royal Medical Society Edinburgh. 8vo. 4s. In boards.

The writer of this tract sets out by announcing that he has

* See Brit, Crit. vol. xxii. p. 657, 8, 9, &e.

See the plain and unfophifticated narrative of the proceeding of the rebels at Wexford (their head quarters); by Charles Jackfon: Brit. Crit. vol. xii. p. 645.

See our account of Mr. Parnell's Hiftory of the Penal Laws against the Irish Roman Catholics, and Duigenan's Anfwer to it, in the Brit. Crit. for Jan. 1811, pp. 73 and 77.

important

important improvements to communicate, as to the theory and practice in the management of ruptures. He tells us, with the full conviction of his own mind, that all former writers have been in error, and that erroneous practice was the confequence of mifconceived theory. He quotes feveral paffages from our first furgeons, and with no fmall ingenuity and plaufibility endeavours to fubvert their opinions. They direct that, in ftrangulated hernia, the gut is to be returned into the abdomen by preffure; Mr. G. argues that fuch a plan of treatment is injudicious and dangerous, nay, phyfically impoffible, and in its ftead advifes us to remove the contents of the rupture by the conftant application of cold water for an hour, which he fays feldom fails, if it does he preffes out the contents without attempting the return of the inteftine; this is rather new, and we very much doubt that the opinions of Mr. G., or indeed, were they fupported by every member of the Dublin College of furgeons, will be deemed fufficient to outweight those of the moft eminent of the profeffion in this country. He labours much to fhow that bleeding fhould be practifed in all cafes, and introduces theories of his own as to the modus operandi of the different remedies. The language is conceived in terms of refpect and much feeming modefty and diffidence, ftill a confidence in his own doctrines, and that he has overthrown those which he has oppofed, is clearly to be discovered; on the whole we venture to predict that the authorities which Mr. G. has undertaken to fubvert, will be found too ftrong for theories, however ingenious, and for arguments, however play, fible.

DIVINITY.

ART. 36. A Sermon preached in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, London: on Thursday, June 7, 1810. Being the Time of the Yearly Meeting of the Children educated in the Charity-Schools, in and about the Cities of London and Westminster. By the Right Rev. Father in God, Henry, Lord Bishop of Norwich. Published at the Request of the Society for promoting Chriftian Knowledge, and the Trustees of the feveral Schools. To which is annexed, an Account of the Society for Promoting Chriftian Knowledge. 4to 20 pp. and 200 pp. Rivingtons. 1810.

At this annual meeting, excellent as its effects and objects are, it is not eafy, without peculiar ability, to vary the form of exhortation, and to throw new light upon the unvaried fubject of charitable inftruction. The Bishop of Norwich, in this difcourfe, contents himself with ftating a few obfervations: 1. On the Importance of Religious Inftruction, and Habits of Industry and 2dly, On the natural Connection of the two Objects. In fo plain a defign, if he produces little that is new, he produces ftill lefs than any one can controvert; and confequently leaves his readers convinced,

convinced, as probably he left his hearers, that it is a good thing to inftruct the poor, and that they can only be inftructed with fuccefs in early life.

Towards the conclufion of his fermon, he very evidently recommends the Bible Society, which fome perfons have confidered as interfering with the plan of that excellent fociety for which he was engaged to preach. We rejoice to fee this recommendation being clearly of opinion, though we have not taken up the controverfy in form, that there is no oppofition whatever between them; but that they who admire the one ought, in all confiftency of mind, to approve, and even patronize the other.

MISCELLANIES,

ART. 37. The Man of Fabion's Manual: containing Instructions. and Rules for Games of Chance and Charioteering. By due Attention to which (it is confidently hoped) a Check will be put to a farther Increase of Broken Limbs and Broken Fortunes. By Sir Somebody Whipfter, Knt. Member of the Legion of Honor, and of feveral of the First Clubs in the Kingdom, &c. &c. &c. 32mo. 9! PP. 3s. 6d. Bath, printed; Wilkie and Co, London. 1809.

Some books are mentioned for recommendation, fome for warning. This belongs to the latter clafs, and is mentioned that they who fhould fee any thing taking in its title, may not be induced to waste their money in fo very idle a purchase. It contains merely the common rules for a few fashionable games of chance, and for driving carriages. We would infert the general rules printed on the third page, but that in fo doing, we should rob the book of all that is really useful in it.

MONTHLY LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

DIVINITY,

Critical Reflections upon fome Important Mifrepresentations contained in the Unitarian Verlion of the New Teftament. By Richard Lawrence, L.L.D. Rector of Meriham, Kent. 5s.

A Summary of the Hiftory of the English Church, and of the Sects which have departed from its Communion; with Anfwers to each Diffenting Body on its pretended Grounds of Separation. By Johnton Grant, M.A. of St. John's College, Oxford. Vol. 1. 6s.

Practical Piety; or the Influence of the Religion of the Heart on the Conduct of the Life. By Hannah More. 2 vols. 10s. 6d.

Hiftory of the Reformation in Scotland, with an Introductory Book and an Appendix. By George Cook, D.D. Minifter of Lawrence Kirk. 3 vols. 8vo,

11. 11s. 6d.

An Effay on Morality, and on the Establishment of the Moral Principle,

3s. 6d.

Chriftian Researches in Afia, with Notices of the Tranflation of the Scriptures into the Oriental Languages. By the Rev. Claudius Buchanan, D.D. late Vice Provoft of the College of Fort William in Bengal. 7.

Redemption;