and 18 years, payments to commence the third day and paid weekly. Provision is made for transportation to obtain work outside district. 7. General Rules. (1) No more than 13 weeks of unemploymentcompensation shall be payable in any calendar year. (2) No more than one week's unemployment-compensation shall be paid for every 4 weeks of work. (3) No agreement by any employee to waive his right to unemployment-compensation shall be valid; nor shall it be assignable or subject to attachment or be liable for employee's debts. (4) No unemployment-compensation shall be paid when unemployed due to strike or lockout.

8. Service Card. The Industrial Commission shall provide every employee with a card or book, upon which the public employment agency shall record the number of weeks the employee has been in the services of the employers; this will then show how many weeks of unemployment-compensation the unemployed worker is entitled to.

9. Claims and Procedures. All claims shall be first considered by a deputy of the Industrial Commission, who shall decide claims within one day; whereupon an order on the employer may be issued for the amount of unemployment-compensation due him.

10. Contested Cases. In any case where the claim is disputed, it shall be referred to the Industrial Commission and a still further appeal is provided to the Circuit Court, the court action to be defended. by the attorney general representing the Industrial Commission.

II. Unemployment Advisory Board. Consisting of an equal number of members to represent both employer and employees, selected by the Industrial Commission from lists submitted by both parties for that purpose. One member at large shall act as chairman. The board shall serve without pay; shall meet each month to aid in general administration of the Act. Similar boards may be formed to serve in localities.

12. Penalties. Employees endeavoring to falsely secure payment, or employers attempting to avoid payment through misrepresentation, may be punished by prison sentence, or fine, or both, in discretion of

court.

TOPICS FOR REPORTS

1. Unemployment and dependency. Lescohier, The Labor Market, New York, 1919, Chap. III.

2. Suggestions of a plan for lessening unemployment. Leiserson, "A Federal Labor Reserve Board," Proceedings, National Conference of Charities and Correction, 1916, p. 161.

3. Unemployment insurance. Seager, "Unemployment: Problem and Remedies," ibid., 1915, p. 493.

4. Unemployment compensation. "Wisconsin's Plan to Keep the Nation at Work," Dearborn Independent, Apr. 9, 1921.

PART V

PREVENTIVE AGENCIES AND METHODS

WE

CHAPTER XXIX

RELIEF AND PREVENTION

E have now studied the extent, the causes, the historic institutions and methods of dealing with the dependent, and the special classes of dependents. Attention has been given primarily to the methods of treatment, only incidental reference being made to preventive measures. This emphasis was to enable the student to understand and evaluate present methods. No engineer would think of trying to improve a machine, still less invent a substitute without first understanding its nature, and learning its merits and defects. So, we must understand, if we would perfect, our social machinery. We must know its history, study the way in which it works, appreciate its good points, ascertain its defects and the reasons for them. Up to this point the only assumption made in our study is that in the light of experience effective should supplant ineffective methods of dealing with dependents. We have had clearly in mind, however, that prevention is better than cure; formation than re-formation. With the historical background and the lessons of experience now before us the next step is to study methods of preventing poverty and dependency. Here, too, we shall try constantly to take counsel of experience, but must not forget that in some matters we are in the realm of untried theory or of experiments in process. Would that it were as easy to formulate an effective preventive program as it is to state its desirability! While in the following rhyme the contrast between relief and prevention is too sharp, the emphasis on prevention is forceful.

"The Fence or the Ambulance"

""Twas a dangerous cliff, as they freely confessed,
Though to walk near its crest was so pleasant.
But over its terrible edge there had slipped

A duke and full many a peasant.

So the people said something would have to be done,
But their projects did not at all tally,