Mr. BATES. It has been stated that this bill will add about $4,000,000 to the school expenditures.

Mr. FOWLER. We made that statement, Mr. Bates, on the figures that we then had.

If you add half a million to the $3,340,000, you have $3,840,000, but you can see the difficulty because of the ramifications of this bill.

It is a very difficult thing to analyze. A lot of this information is peculiarly within the knowledge of the Board of Education that we did not have available at the time.

Yesterday, after consulting for two days since we had our last meeting, we are not out of agreement with the school authorities that this is about as near as we will come to the estimate of the cost.

Senator CAIN. At a later stage you or the Commissioners will reflect officially and verify these figures?

Mr. FOWLER. Definitely.

Senator CAIN. Certainly there is plenty of time for that.

Mr. BATES. Do you want to leave with this thought, the ultimate increased cost over and above the 1947 project will be $1,740,000? Dr. CORNING. No.

The $450 is not included in that. You see, there is no legislation to continue the $450 increase costing $1,600,000.

Mr. BATES. But your total estimated total cost of $3,340,000, less the total temporary increase for 1947 only, which is part of that cost. brings it down to $1,740,000, so the ultimate excess cost over 1947 will be one million seven.

Mr. FOWLER. That is the way we view it.

Senator CAIN. Your legal increase is $3,340,000. Your actual increase, assuming that the $450 is to be continued, is the million seven. Mr. BATES. What we are actually talking about is the million seven. Mr. WILLIAM WILDING (deputy budget officer). Except one thing, Mr. Bates: In the 1948 budget on which we have estimated for 1948. there has been taken into consideration every available source of revenue, including prospective revenues from the bills pending before this committee.

That 1948 budget does not include provision for continuing in 1948 the $450 increase inasmuch as the precise terms of that law stated that it was for only 1 year ending June 30, 1947, just as a technical

matter.

Senator CAIN. As far as the next budget is concerned, 1948, we are actually talking about an increase in a legislative in the legal sense of $3,340,000 projected over a period?

Mr. WILDING. That is correct.

Mr. BATES. Let me clear that point up again.

We have a budget of about $95,000,000 this year. In that budget, are there provisions for that $450?

Mr. FOWLER. No, sir.

Mr. BATES. What will the $450 amount to?

Dr. CORNING. $1,600,000.

Mr. BATES. Instead of a budget of $95,000,000, it ought to be $96,600,000; including the $450, you are $1,600,000 short in the budget that you have estimated to Congress this year. Are they familiar

with that?

Mr. WILDING. $95,000,000 is the amount of the 1948 budget transmitted to Congress, yes, sir, but it does not include provision for continuing the $450 increase in teachers salaries, which was placed in effect only for the fiscal year 1947.

We recognize, of course, the likelihood of that being at least continued in that amount. It is more than a likelihood, it is a certainty. Mr. BATES. Did I see any footnote in reference to that shortage of $1,600,000 to meet the requirements of that $450 increase?

Senator CAIN. It was never mentioned in your budget.

Mr. FOWLER. In all of our tables before you we have testified about it and put in all the information we have furnished you with reference to our figures, that was not provided for, and called attention that our legislative program did not provide for the additions that would be required if this legislation was passed.

Mr. BATES. I think that perhaps there may have been some misunderstanding that this legislation only had to do with excess costs over and above the $450. That is the way I interpret it.

Now, then, in your balance sheets that you gave to me you showed a deficiency of $13.000,000. Does that $13,000,000 include $450 or is the $13,000,000 deficit plus the $1,600,000 to take care of $450, and then such additional revenue as we may need to meet the requirements of this bill?

Mr. WILDING. The $13,000,000 was the amount estimated to be derived from the tax legislation as presented to the committee.

Senator CAIN. To balance your budget, which did not include the $1,600,000?

Mr. WILDING. That is correct.

Mr. BATES. Or the deficiency, if this bill becomes law, will be the $13,000,000, plus $1,600,000 for the $450, plus whatever additional expenses would be involved here of one-million-some-odd thousand, so it is not a $13,000,000 deficit that we are actually facing in the budget figures; we are facing at least 142 million dollars or something of that kind; is that right?

Mr. WILDING. Yes, sir, except you referred to $13,000,000. That is $13.498,000, as I started to say, was the estimated revenue derived from this tax legislation.

The amount of the deficit as shown in the record here was $17,000,000. Mr. BATES. $17,000,000 in the next fiscal year, the 1948 budget? Mr. WILDING. 1948. I assumed you were talking about the 1948 budget.

Mr. BATES. $13,000,000 deficit is estimated in the 1948 budget; you will actually have a deficiency of $17,000,000 in 1948?

Mr. WILDING. Yes. $17,000,000 is the deficit, $13,000,000 was the amount to be derived from pending legislation.

Dr. CORNING. I would like to comment on that budgetary inclusion or the lack of it, if I may.

We did not, in presenting our 1948 estimates to the Commissioners, include the provision for the $450 increase, because I understand we cannot include items in the budget for which we have no authorizing legislation. We had no such authorizing legislation, although we were mandated by Congress to make this study and present our plan to you, the cost of which is over and above the budget estimates for 1948 which we submitted.

But we believed, and I think we are correct in that, that we have no right to include the provisions for the $450 increase in the budget until such time as there is some authorization.

Mr. BATES. You made that clear to the Commission when you submitted the budget to them.

Dr. CORNING. We all understood that; yes, sir.

Senator CAIN. All right, sir; let us proceed.

Dr. CORNING. I think that is my case.

Senator CAIN. Mrs. Doyle, we would be delighted to have anything further from you.

STATEMENT OF MRS. HENRY GRATTAN DOYLE, PRESIDENT, BOARD OF EDUCATION, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, WASHINGTON, D. C.— Resumed

Mrs. DOYLE. Mr. Bates said he did want that matter of the 78 percent increase in the case of the elementary teachers cleared up.

I would like to give a few facts on that from the thinking of the Board of Education.

I think you said earlier that either the base was wrong or what we are asking now is out of line.

Those are the two points that you wanted cleared up.

You did say that we increased from 1944, which was then $1,400, to $1,900, and now we are asking $2,500.

But I would like to remind you that the legislation which authorized the $1,400 was almost 20 years old when we went ahead with it, and I think the date of that bill was about 1924.

The base was $1,400 in 1923 and 1924, and that existed until 1944. I think that if anything could be said at this time, it would be said that the Board of Education was remiss in not pushing earlier to correct the entering salary of $1,400.

Senator CAIN. Did the Board say at any time during the 10-year period, going back to 1937, during the war period, did it submit any bill for increased salaries?

Mrs. DOYLE. We did not. We worked on that bill which ultimately went into effect in 1945. So we started along about then to get this increase.

The answer to the low salary of $1,400 was that it simply was wrong at that time.

Mr. BATES. I guess we can all agree to that.

Mrs. DOYLE. Now to analyze the beginning salary of $2,500 which is requested now. I think I mentioned the other day that a comparison with those who are our competitors, which is the Federal Government, shows that the $2,500 is almost equal to a professional rank in the Federal Government and is about correct.

The qualifications and experience for professional rank is about the same at the $2,500 level.

The whole philosophy of the Board of Education, as I said, is to get the best teachers for the children and hold them. We have to be very practical and get teachers as we can get them and meet the competition that we have. So we thought about that as a practical issue. This rise in salary, which is 16 increments, also is a result of the philosophy of the Board of Education that I mentioned the other day

and will not repeat, but that the teacher in the elementary school who wishes to remain there, and whose greatest help to children is in the elementary schools, is by this bill given the opportunity to get as much money and remain there, which is good for the children, as she would have if she left them and went to the high school.

That is the whole philosophy back of this thing.
Mr. BATES. I think it does in that respect.

There is one question I forgot to ask Dr. Corning.

I related how during the different increments in the old Boston school teachers bill that I am familiar with, we had a provision, or it was a regulation of a committee, that each year the teacher would have some additional training and become eligible for the next increment as an incentive for her to do better work.

During this period of 12 increments, there is no incentive required at all, is there?

The incentive really comes after they have passed the 12 increments and are up to the C and D grades.

Dr. CORNING. As you say, under this new plan, the incentive is constant, because at the end of the 12 increments, every one of us will submit a record of what we have done and that record will be evaluated to determine whether, not only in college hours, but generally, we can give a good account of our stewardship during that time and whether we have grown professionally.

At the end of the 12 increments, that statement must be given.

Mr. BATES. During the 12 years, however, there is no incentive, other than the teachers' love of their ov own work?

Dr. CORNING. There is a rating of teachers every year, so if they are not growing and developing, that shows up very promptly. Mr. BATES. Does that affect their increment at all?

Mr. LEE. It would to this extent, that if the teacher came to the place where she is unsatisfactory, she would then be subject to disnissal. It, of course, is known that there is a rating every year to evaluate their work.

Mr. BATES. If this bill becomes law, it places the teachers on top of all the other teachers in the country that we have received information about. Not at the top, but relatively.

What about outside work? Are you permitting teachers to take on work in the afternoon and evening and then come back tomorrow morning physically and mentally worn out, to continue classes?

Dr. CORNING. No teacher here does any outside work at all without submitting a report as to the nature of the work and the hours required and a request for the permission to work. The requests are carefully screened and evaluated. If we are convinced that the school is not impaired thereby, it is granted.

Senator CAIN. You have a percentage figure in mind as to the number of your total teachers who have earned compensation outside of their school duties?

Dr. CORNING. I have no such figure in mind at this moment. I could get that for you.

Senator CAIN. We would appreciate it.

Mr. BATES. I am not so much concerned at present, because I think teachers are compelled to do outside work at present. I am not convinced they will have to do so after this bill becomes law, if it does.

If the teachers take afternoon and evening work and then come to school the next day worn in body and mind and try to put over to the pupils what we expect them to do, I think there ought to be some line drawn there somewhere.

Dr. CORNING. We have not had much of that sort of problem now, Mr. Bates, where teachers come to school tired out and not able to do their work, because their outside work is carefully checked.

Mr. LEE. That would show in their efficiency rating and their general work in the schools.

Dr. CORNING. I suspect that there will be need for quite a bit of that even if this becomes law.

Suppose we bring a young man in to the school system at $2,500. He is married and perhaps has a child or two. The $2,500 does not look so big under those circumstances.

Then I want to say, too, that it is not just the married men who have obligations of that sort. I suspect if we canvassed the people in this room this morning, where there is a preponderance of women, we would find a large percentage with definite responsibilities for more than support of themselves.

I think we have too long thought of a school teacher as a single person, male or female, who has only himself to support. The facts just do not bear that out. There are very few of us who do not have pretty extensive obligations in the way of support of other people. Mr. BATES. I think this committee understands that.

Dr. CORNING. I think you will find particularly in the lower reaches of even this salary schedule, there will be some cases where additional compensation may be required just to support the family.

Certainly if we are thinking in terms of $2,500, and two or three or four people to support with costs of living as they are now that would be the case.

Senator CAIN. I should like to say, Mr. Corning, in bidding you good morning, that if everything does not work out as you would like it to work out, the people surrounding you ought to be satisfied that you have presented and are presenting a case involving all of your staff, administrative and teaching, in a most able way.

I merely said that, sir, in order that if they must blame somebody in the future, they may point their finger at Mr. Bates and myself. You have more important work to do.

I wonder if Mrs. O. G. Hankins would come to the table, please! She is president of the District of Columbia's Congress of Parents and Teachers.

STATEMENT OF MRS. O. G. HANKINS, PRESIDENT, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CONGRESS OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS, ADAMS SCHOOL, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Mrs. HANKINS. I was just going to present a statement here. Senator CAIN. Thank you. Will you be seated for just a minute? We are likely to be confronted with a good many documents of this character. It speaks for itself.

I think, Mrs. Hankins, that you just ought to read this to us and then we will excuse you, and that will make it officially a part of the record.