44. Shall accept for care at the District of Columbia jail, in a room separate from adults, a child over 16 years of age on order from the juvenile court (sec. 11-927, Code 1940).

45. May consent to adoption of children committed to its care whose parents have been permanently deprived of custody by court order (Public Law 397, 77th Cong., sec. 1).

46. Shall discharge on proper showing any child committed to Board's guardianship (Public Law 397, 77th Cong., sec. 1; sec. 3-125, Code 1940).

47. Shall consult with the Commissioners with reference to appointees on the Committee of Eight to recommend and review annually, the rules and regulations prescribing standards of placement and care of children under 16 years of age placed in homes other than those of certain relatives, a member of the Board of Public Welfare to be chairman of this committee (Public Law 292, 78th Cong.). 48. Shall investigate applicants for license to operate a child-placing agency and to recommend to the Commissioners with reference to granting a license or a provisional license for not more than three consecutive years, and shall make all necessary investigations and inspections necessary to carry out the provisions of the act (Public Law 292, 78th Cong.).

49. May accept voluntary aid in the placement and supervision of children under its care (sec. 3-119, Code 1940).

50. Shall operate the Receiving Home for Children for the reception and detention of children under 18 years of age (Public Law 371, 78th Cong.1) and "to make suitable provision for the reception and care of children in need of detention" (Public Law 397, sec. 1, and Public Law 571, 75th Cong., sec. 26).

51. Shall prepare a plan annually, and upon approval by the Children's Bureau of the United States Department of Labor, to administer that plan for services to children, as provided for in title V, part 3 of the Social Security Act (Public Law 271, 74th Cong.).

ADULT ASSISTANCE

52. Shall administer a program of public assistance for relief of indigent residents (general public assistance, Public Law 271, 78th Cong.).1

53. Shall administer the act to provide for old-age assistance, prescribing forms and making rules and designating an agency to carry out the provisions. (Commissioners have assigned the administration to the Board of Public Welfare.) (46-203, D. C. Code 1940.)

54. Shall administer the act to provide aid to blind persons, making rules and regulations and to assign any or all provisions of the act to any agency of the District of Columbia Government to be carried out. (Commissioners have assigned the administration to the Board of Public Welfare.) (46-101, D. C. Code 1940.)

55. Shall submit to the Social Security Board a plan for administration of social security allotments for old-age assistance, aid to the blind, and aid to dependent children, and to operate this plan (Social Security Act, August 14, 1935), Public Law 271, 74th Cong.).

56. Shall distribute surplus commodities received through the Department of Agriculture (Public Law 107, 78th Cong.).1

57. Shall carry a program for food conservation and canning and to make regulations therefore (Public Law 371, 78th Cong.).1

58. Shall carry penny-milk program for school children (44).

59. Shall certify persons eligible for any benefits (Public Law 107, 78th Cong.).' 60. Shall provide burial for indigent residents (Public Law 371, 78th Cong.).'

INSTITUTIONS FOR THE INDIGENT

61. Shall operate the Home for the Aged and Infirm and the Municipal Lodging House (Board of Public Welfare Act, 44 Stat. 209, ch. 58).

62. Shall supervise the Temporary Home for Soldiers and Sailors (Public Law 371, 78th Cong.).1

63. Shall contract for care of children in the Florence Crittenton Home and St. Ann's Infant Asylum (Public Law 47, sec. 10; Public Law 371, 78th Cong.," and Public Law 397, 77th Cong., sec. 1).

64. Shall make contracts for certain services for the blind (Columbia Polytechnic Institute and Library for the Blind, Public Law 371, 78th Cong.).'

1 Appropriation Act for 1945.

III. JUVENILE CORRECTIONAL SERVICES

65. Shall provide, under contract, for maintenance of boys committed by District courts to the National Training School for Boys (sec. 3-110, Code 1940; Public Law 371, 78th Cong.).1

66. Shall operate the National Training School for Girls, the Industrial Home School (colored) and the Industrial Home School (white) (sec. 3-106, Code 1940: Public Law 371, 78th Cong.).1

67. Shall parole girls from the National Training School for Girls (36 Stat. L 300, sec. 2).

IV. ADULT CORRECTIONAL SERVICES

68. Shall operate the District of Columbia asylum and jail; and the workhouse and reformatory (sec. 3-106, Code 1940; Public Law 371, 78th Cong. ).1

V. MENTAL REHABILITATION

69. Shall make collection for care of persons committed to St. Elizabeths Hospital and able to pay (Board of Public Welfare Act and act to create Commission on Mental Health; 21-308, Code 1940; 52 Stat. 625, ch. 326).

70. Shall pay for the maintenance of indigent District of Columbia residents in St. Elizabeths Hospital (sec. 3-110, Code 1940; Public Law, 371, 78th Cong.).1 71. Shall deport nonresident insane persons to places of residence (sec. 3-110, Code 1910; Public Law 371, 78th Cong.).1

72. Shall provide transportation for nonresident indigent persons to places of residence (Public Law 371, 78th Cong.).'

73. Shall prescribe regulations for parole by the Superintendent of the District Training School (Public Law 578. 68th Cong., sec. 25).

74. Shall operate the District Training School (sec. 3-106, Code 1940; (Public Law 371, 78th Cong.).1

Mr. HUFF. I believe it is important, Mr. Chairman, for me to give the groundwork of the basic statutes as they applied in 1938, under the conditions then existing. Then I shall use this as a basis for considering the trend of costs and the present situation with which we are confronted, because certain conditions have changed which, in turn, have changed the elements which are used in developing units of cost.

The work of the department has both general and specific characteristics. Those general characteristics frequently have been referred to elsewhere as the type of work which is done normally through State departments. There are also the operational services which commonly are found in municipal departments. In our own organization they are found within that organization itself, so we, as all the other departments, do have to a considerable degree those two functions to carry

out.

Those functions, generally speaking, which are found in State departments, will be found in what we have called in our appropriation titles, "the Office of the Director." Those items which are operational in character, and more commonly found in municipalities, will be found under our divisions, the first, "the Agencies Division," which includes certain subtitles, and our "Protective Institutions Division" which, in turn, is able to be subdivided.

Speaking generally then to those points, we have expressed on this table what represents our departmental organization.

Now, I need to say a word to that so that the figures which we will give will be understood. Beginning in 1937, and continuing for a major part of the time until the present, the agencies operating under the Board have not functioned through departmental operations. This is important with respect to certain items which we will propose.

1 Appropriation Act of 1945.

The organization under the Board, beginning in 1926 was a grouping of existing operations. The operations were carried on then under the statute, and under the procedure in a decentralized fashion. Within the last few years, however, the policy has been formulated and the effort has been directed toward the departmentalization of the procedures. There are various benefits which would come through such an organization, such as making certain that there would be no duplication of service, and making sure that there would be interchanging services, keeping down administrative overhead, and making corrections more definitely. We have not yet reached the full development on that point.

This organization as laid out is consistent with the 1948 presentation, and in part now exists, and it is that to which I will make reference as I go through the figures.

Under the framework of law, and under the organization chart, as you have it, you will find then in the Office of the Director the general planning operation and general administrative procedures. You will find centered there the license and regulation procedure, which is a consequence of new legislation of 2 years ago establishing licensing for child-placement agencies here in the city. That is a new thing added from the time of the base of 1937.

We also have now in '48 the showing of a business office in the Office of the Director in which, in part, beginning as recently as March 1 this year, the beginning unit for agency services has been taken over, and certain general supervisory duties with respect to other accounts have been taken over.

We have then under the head of "Agency services"-and by "agency services" we mean those services which are not institutional-the work which is provided in the Landlord-Tenant Service; this service is provided to the municipal court in landlord-and-tenant assignments and is entirely a personal service to the court. This agency deals with the personal problems of those who come into the court, many with evictions or eviction potential, seeking to help in that situation.

Mr. O'HARA. Right at that point, might I ask this question: What sort of service do you render under this landlord-and-tenant situation that you talk about? What has the municipal government to do with. handling that? That is what I want to know.

Mr. HUFF. The Service was established to assist the court in arriving at the facts case by case in those cases which the court refers where persons come up with potential evictions or with evictions. The eviction problem, let us assume, is chronic in a given case. What is the situation in that case? Is it a case of absolute incompetency? Is it a case of malice? Is it a case of evasion or what is it? Can you work out a situation with that person where he will stop being in the situation of not paying his rent, and come through and pay his rent, in its boldest terms? It works also in relation to certain hardships in which the person-well, making an effort to do so, is still not able to meet the rent, and seeks then to find some situation for that person. Mr. BATES. You are going to cover the personnel and allocation of funds for the annual maintenance of that, are you not?

Mr. HUFF. I can cover that in a word. There is a single P-1 position, assisted by one stenographer.

Mr. O'HARA. Is that service rendered by any other municipality that you know of outside of Washington?

Mr. HUFF. I do not know. I do know, however, that it is very popular with the court.

Senator CAIN. I should think so. You are doing the work of the

court.

Mr. BATES. That one is an attorney and the other a stenographer? Mr. HUFF. No, this is a social worker, not an attorney.

Mr. BATES. And a stenographer.

Mr. HUFF. Yes, sir.

We also have under agency services, following the outline, as we have it organized at the present time, the Public Assistance Service which is the service through which the various grants of assistance are given.

We have the Children's Services which provide what is commonly known and referred to as protective service to children, seeking to avoid the development of delinquency, seeking to assist children and families in which internal family discord or disaster has occurred.

We also have the Foster Care Service in which children who must be taken from their own home, and for whom a substitute home needs to be found, are cared for.

Included in that same grouping is the work done with respect to adoptions, and in the care of unmarried mothers.

We have included in dotted lines a penny milk account, which account we merely carry; we exercise no supervision on the account. The independent agencies referred to are certain agencies to whom contract payments are made. That is indicative of the organization under our agency services listed to the left on our chart.

Our other major division is "Protective institutions" which operate. under the immediate direction of an assistant director. These can be divided into two types: Those for indigents, which include our municipal lodging house, the Home for Aged and Infirm, and an account which we carry for the Temporary Home for Soldiers and Sailors, and then, on the other hand, the juvenile institutions which include the Receiving Home and Classification Center; the Industrial Home Schools, one for white children and one for colored boys; the National Training School for Girls, and the District Training School for the Feebleminded. That gives the organization which we have pictured here on this chart.

Mr. BATES. Now, under what classification do you spend money, say, for dependent

Mr. HUFF. That would be aid to dependent children and that would come under this section to the left on the chart, Public Assistance. Mr. BATES. Yes.

Mr. HUFF. I would like to call attention also to the upper righthand section of the chart listed under the business office, which is shown in solid lines, to those items which are shown in dotted lines.

Our work with respect to maintenance of institutions is done through the District Office of the Engineer Commissioner, Office of Construction, Division of Repairs. Our construction work is done in similar fashion through the construction department, and our legal work is done through the corporation counsel.

Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Huff, might I inquire if any of these services or institutions render a national service rather than purely local service,

such as your delinquent National Training School for Girls. Is that limited to include in its jurisdiction only the District of Columbia?

Mr. HUFF. At the present time it receives girls only from the District of Columbia. Historically it had the same origin as the National Training School for Boys, which was then, and is now, a federally operated institution. That does not apply to the Training School for Girls, which I have listed here. That is limited to the District.

Now, I have given that general picture, and I think it will now help to read through the detail of the excerpts of the statutes under which we operate.

Mr. BATES. There is no necessity for reading the details.

Mr. HUFF. They are quite a collection.

Mr. BATES. Yes; they have already been inserted in the record previously.

Mr. HUFF. Some of our activities have been directed toward the organization of statutory language, and in some instances the renewal or restatement of statutory language.

Mr. O'HARA. Do you have any jurisdiction over the administration of the District jails or the penal institutions?

Mr. HUFF. Not this year; no, sir. Formerly the jails and, earlier, the hospitals locally were under the Board of Public Welfare, but back about 1938, I believe, the hospitals were established in the Health Department, and in 1946 the prisons were established independently in a separate department, so that the answer is "No."

Mr. O'HARA. Well, does the same condition-are you familiar with that set-up-does the situation still exist where Federal prisoners, and I mean by that prisoners where the crimes were not committed in the District, but who are sentenced by some District Federal court, does it still exist in the institutions of which the District of Columbia has charge?

Mr. HUFF. The person is convicted elsewhere than in the District? Mr. O'HARA. Yes, sir.

Mr. HUFF. Such a person would be received at Lorton only through the process of transfer in the past and at the present. In the past, there would have been no recovery for maintenance costs from anybody.

Mr. Õ’HARA. 'Since 1946.

Mr. HUFF. At the present, however, authority exists for a charge to be made for per diem per person.

Mr. O'HARA. I recall we had that following the investigation of the jails.

Mr. HUFF. Yes.

Mr. O'HARA. Thank you, Mr. Huff.

Mr. HUFF. I would like now to present certain general figures, Mr. Chairman, and after I present the general figures before I go into detail I would like to show how a basis for evaluation in 1937 is different from the basis as it exists in 1948.

Mr. BATES. Fine.

Mr. HUFF. The grand total money figures for 1937 show $5,425,000; in 1948 it shows a figure of $11,371,000, an increase of $5,946,000, or 110 percent.

A special item is included here, I may interpolate, Mr. Chairman, because of your interest indicated by your reference to Dr. Ruhland

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