MAR

Philip II., 423; obtains the reconcilia-
tion of England to the Roman see, 424;
supports the persecution of Protes-
tants, ib.; resolves to put Cranmer to
death, 425 deserted by her husband,
426; declares war with France, 427;
death of, ib.

Mary II., birth of, 608; her hand offered
to William of Orange, 609; marriage
of, 613; finds fault with Danby, 646;
the crown offered to, 647; receives the
Scottish Crown, 652 illness
and
death of, 661; Greenwich Hospital
founded by, 663
Mary, daughter of Henry VII., marri-
ages of, 364; her place in the succes-
sion acknowledged in exclusion of her
sister Margaret, 411

Mary, heiress of Burgundy, 336; marries
the Archduke Maximilian, and dies,

337

Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland, her
contests with the Protestants, 432;
death of, 433

Mary of Modena marries the Duke of
York, 608

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, birth of,

405; taken to France and married to
the Dauphin, 413; assumes the style
of Queen of England, 433; returns to
Scotland, 434, 435; character of, 437;
marries Lord Darnley, 438; being
charged with the murder of Darnley,
marries Bothwell, 439; imprisoned in
Loch Leven Castle, 449; escapes to
England, ib.; is retained as a prisoner,
441; marriage with the Duke of Nor-
folk, proposed for, ib.; Ridolfi's plot
on behalf of, 445; trial of, 457; execu-
tion of, 458

Maserfield, Oswald slain at, 48
Masham, Mrs., obtains influence over
Anne, 687

Massachusetts Government Act, the, 782
Massalia, tin-trade of, 8

Massena, Marshal, invades Portugal,
867

Massey, Roman Catholic Dean of
Christchurch, 639

Matilda, daughter of Henry I., married
to the Emperor Henry V., and to
Geoffrey of Anjou, 131; claims the
crown, 134; fails to maintain her
claim, 135

Matilda, wife of Henry I., see Eadgyth
Matthias, the Emperor, resistance of
the Bohemians to, 490
Maximilian I., Emperor, as Archduke,
marries Mary of Burgundy, 337;
marries Anne of Brittany by proxy,
348 Italian wars of, 363; death of,
369

Maximus leads an army out of Britain,
25

Mayflower, the, voyage of, 400

Maynard, Sergeant, his answer to Wil-
liam III., 646

Mayne, Cuthbert, execution of, 453

MIL

Maynooth taken by Skeffington, 402
Mazarin, Cardinal, makes an alliance
with Cromwell, 572
Meanee, battle of, 950

Meaux besieged by Henry V., 306
Medina Sidonia, Duke of, commands
the Spanish Armada, 460; is received
by Philip II. after his defeat, 402
Medway, the, the Dutch in, 593
Mehemet Ali, makes himself indepen-
dent, and sends aid to the Sultan,
884; attacks the Turks, and possesses
himself of Syria, 921; deprived of
Syria, 922

Melbourne, Viscount, is a member of
Lord Grey's Ministry, 901; becomes
Prime Minister and is dismissed by
the King, 912; becomes Prime Minister
a second time, 913; resigns and re-
sumes office, 918; final resignation of,

925

Melville, Andrew, insults James VI.,
525

Melville, Lord, impeachment of, 851
Menai Suspension Bridge, the, gog
Mendoza sent out of England by
Elizabeth, 456
Mercenaries employed on the Continent
by Henry II., 142; temporarily
brought to England, 153, 155; em-
ployed by John, 182

Merchant Adventurers, the, 356
Merchant Gild, the, 169

Mercia, first settlement of, 36; com-
parative smallness of, 41; unites with
other districts under Penda, 46;
accepts Christianity, and rejects the
supremacy of North-humberland, 48:
its relations with Ecgberht, 55; its
relations with Elfred, 60; under
Leofwine, 84; under Leofric, 85, 87:
under Elfgar and Eadwine, go
Mercians, the, distinguished from the
Middle English, 36
Merciless Parliament, the, 280
Merton College, foundation of, 207
Metropolitical Visitation, the, 520
Metternich, holds it to be the duty of
the great powers to suppress revolu
tions, 882

Middle English, the, first settlements of,

36

Middle Saxons a branch of the East
Saxons, 35

Middlesex election, the, 775
Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, Earl of,
improves the finances of James I., 494;
impeachment of, 500

Middlesex, Saxon settlement in, 35
Milan, struggle between Charles V. and
Francis I. for, 371

Milan, the Duchy of, as-igned to Charles
VI., 696

Milan Decree, the, 860

Militia, the, struggle for the command

of, 536; the Scots urge Charles 1. to
abandon, 552

Millenary Petition, the, 482

1005

MIL

Milton writes Comus, 519; writes
Areopagitica, 546; writes a sonnet
on the Vaudois, 572; publishes Para-
dise Lost, 596

Minden, battle of, 756

Mines, restriction of labour in, 927
Ministerial responsibility, proposal to
establish, 195

Ministers excluded from the House of
Commons by the Act of Settlement,
673; readmitted, 684

Minorca, taken by Stanhope, 690;
assigned to England by the treaty of
Utrecht, 696; re-taken by the French,
749; regained at the end of the Seven
Years' War, 766; taken by the
Spaniards, 795; ceded by England to
Spain, 798

Mirebeau, Eleanor besieged in, 174
Mise of Amiens, the, 200

Missolonghi, sieges of, 884; death of
Byron at, 888

Mohammedanism, origin and spread
of, 54

Molynes, Lord, ill-treats John Paston,
321

Mompesson, Sir Giles, flies from the
kingdom, 495

Mona (Anglesey) conquered by Sue-
tonius, 14

Monasteries, dissolution of the smaller,

394; surrender of some of the greater,
397; completion of the suppression of,

400

Monasticism, character of early, 39;
converts made in England by, 40;
character of Irish, 47: Benedictine, 128
Monk, see Albemarle, Duke of
Monks contrasted with Friars, 191
Monmouth, Duke of, proposed as beir
to the crown, 618; defeats the Cove-
nanters at Bothwell Bridge, 620; re-
fuses to take part in acts of violence,
624 implicated in a Whig plot, 625;
rebellion and execution of, 637
Monopolies, the, Elizabeth recalls some
of, 478; attacked by Parliament in the
reign of James I., 494; revocation of,
495: Act of, 500

Monro, Major-General Robert, holds
Carrickfergus, 541

Montague, Charles, one of the Whig
Junto, 659; restores the currency, 664 ;
resigns office, 670

Montague, Chief Justice, becomes Lord
Treasurer, 494

Montague, Lord, made Earl of North-
humberland, 331: is deprived of the
earldom, 333: turns against Edward
IV., and is killed at Barnet, 332
Montague, Ralph, accuses Danby, 616
Montague, Richard, impeached, 511;
made a bishop, 512

Montenegro, enlargement of, 969
Montfort, de, see Simon de Montfort
Montrose, James Graham, Marquis of,
his campaign in the Highlands, 547,
549; execution of, 563

NAP

Moore, Sir John, killed at Corunna,
864
More, Sir Thomas, writes Utopia, 367;
in favour with Henry VIII., 368; is
Speaker of the House of Commons,
371; becomes Chancellor, 387; his
displeasure with the Protestants, 388;
resigns the chancellorship, ib. ; is sent
to the Tower, 392; execution of, 394
Morkere becomes Earl of North-humber-
land, 90; is present at Fadgar's elec
tion, 98; submits to William, 102; is
banished, 103

Morley, Bishop, sermons of, 548
Mornington, Lord, Governor-General of

India, 838; becomes Marquis Welles-
ley, 859; see Wellesley, Marquis
Mortimer, Edmund, see March, Earl of
Mortimer, Roger, paramour of Queen

Isabella, 229; governs in the name of
Edward III., 231; is hanged, 232
Mortimer, Sir Edmund, imprisoned by
Glendower, 293

Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 328
Mortmain, Statute of, 212

Morton, Thomas, Bishop of Ely, after-
wards Cardinal and Archbishop of
Canterbury, gives advice to Bucking-
ham, 341, 342; his 'fork,' 349
Moscow, burning of, 870

Mount Badon, British victory at, 28
Mountjoy, Charles Blount, Lord, con-
quers Ireland, 478

Mountnorris, Francis Annesley, Lord,
court-martial on, 528

Mowbray, Robert of, rebellion of, 120
Muir, sentenced to transportation, 828
Municipal Corporations Act, 913, 914
Munster, attempt to colonise, 475
Münster, the Bishop of, overruns two
Dutch provinces, 591

Murray, desires to become Chief Justice,
747; becomes Chief Justice as Lord
Mansfield, 749.

Murray, Earl of, is driven into England,
438; returns to Scotland, 439; becomes
Regent, 440; produces the Casket let-
ters, ib.; assassinated, 441
Mutinies at Spithead and the Nore, 836
Mutiny Act, the, 650

Mysore, Hyder Ali in, 804; Tippoo
Succeeds his father in, E05

NAMUP, surrender of, 663

Nana Sahib, grievances of, 952; his
conduct at Cawnpore, 953
Nantwich, battle of, 542
Napier, Sir Charles, Admiral, takes
Acre, 922

Napier, Sir Charles, General, conquers
Sindh, 959

Naples, assigned to Charles VI., 696;
ceded to the son of Philip V., 725;
Joseph Bonaparte, king of, 856; revo
Tution suppressed by Austria in, 882
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, his

NAP

plan for the invasion of England, 851;
offers Hanover alternately to England
and Prussia, 855; defeats the Prussians
at Jena, 857: makes peace with Russia
at Tilsit, 858; his designs against
Spain, 862; places Joseph Bonaparte
on the Spanish throne, 863; invades
Spain, 864; fights at Aspern and
Wagram, 865 countries annexed by,
868; invades Russia, 869, 870; defeat
and abdication of, 871; returns to
France and fights at Waterloo, 874;
dies at St. Helena, 875
Napoleon III., Emperor, becomes

Emperor, 939; attempt to murder,
955; goes to war for the liberation of
Italy, 956; annexes Savoy and Nice,
957; fall of, 964
Naseby, battle of, 548

Natal, colonisation of, 969
Navarino, battle of, 893

Navarre conquered by Ferdinand of
Aragon, 364

Navarrete, battle of, 255

Navigation Act, the, passing of, 565;
re-enactment of, 589; repeal of, 936
Navy, Ælfred's, 60; the English, defeats
the Spanish Armada, 460-464; equipped
by means of ship-money, 523; desertion
of part of, to the Prince of Wales, 557;
Blake in command of, 565; its contests
with the Dutch, 591; deterioration in
the discipline of, 605

Nelson, his exploits at the battle of St.

Vincent, 835; defeats the French at
the battle of the Nile, 838; defeats the
Danes at the battle of Copenhagen,
845; pursues the French fleet to the
West Indies, 853; killed at Trafalgar,
854

Neolithic man, 3

Netherlands, the, inherited by Philip

II., 426; Alva's government of, 443;
beginning of the Dutch Republic in,
449: division into two parts, 450; see
Netherlands, the Spanish, and Dutch
Republic

Netherlands, the Austrian, occupied by

the French, 825 ceded to France, 837
Netherlands, the Spanish, Alexander of
Parma in, 450; assigned to Charles
VI., 696;
see Netherlands, the

Austrian

Nevill, influence of the family of, 324
Nevill, George, Archbishop of York,
deprived of the Chancellorship, 332
Nevill's Cross, battle of, 242

New Amsterdam captured by the
English, 589

New Brunswick joins the Dominion of
Canada, 967

New England, colonisation of, 489; war-
like preparations in, 782; beginning
of resistance in, 783

New Forest, the, making of, 110; death
of William II. in, 122

New Jersey, Washington driven out of,
784; Washington recovers, 786

NOR

New Model Army, see Army, the New
Model

New Orleans. the British repulsed at, 873
New South Wales, progress of, 968
New York, named after the Duke of
York, 589; secured to England, 593;
occupied by Howe, 784

New Zealand, progress of colonisation
in. 968

Newark, death of John at, 185; sur-
renders to the Scots, 551
Newburn, rout of, 529

Newbury, first battle of, 539; second
battle of, 544

Newcastle, Charles I. at, 551
Newcastle, Duke of, character of, 732:
succeeds his brother as first Lord of
the Treasury, 746; his inefficiency in
providing for hostilities with France,
748; resigns, 749; coalesces with
Fitt, 751; resignation of, 766
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Earl,
afterwards Marquis of, commands a
Royalist army in Yorkshire, and de-
feats the Fairfaxes at Adwalton Moor,
538; is created Marquis, and be
sieges Hull, 542; besieged in York,
ib.; defeated at Marston Moor, 543
Newcastle-on-Tyne, foundation of, 120
Newfoundland, retained by England,
695; refuses to join the Dominion of
Canada, 967

Newgate, burning of, 792

Newman, a leader of the Oxford move-
ment, 940

Newport (Monmouthshire), Chartist riot

at, 924

Newport, the treaty of, 557

Newton, Sir Isaac, 632; assists in
restoring the currency, 664

Nicholas, the Tzar, comes to an agree
ment with England on the liberation
of Greece, 884; proposes to partition
the Turkish dominions, 943: goes to
war with the Sultan, 944; war declared
by England and France against, ib.;
death of, 947

Nigel, Bishop of Ely, Treasurer of
Henry I., Stephen's attack on, 134; is
re-appointed Treasurer, 140

Nightingale, Miss Florence, nurses the
sick from the Crimea, 947

Nile, the battle of, 838

Nithsdale, Earl of, escapes from prison,
705

No Addresses, vote of, 555
Nonjurois, the, 652

Non-resistance Bill, the, 6:1
Nore, the, mutiny at, 836

Norfolk, origin of the name of, 28
Norfolk, Duke of, banished by Richard
II., 283

Norfolk, Earl of, see Bigod, Roger
Norfolk, resistance to the Amicable
Loan in, 372; Ket's rebellion in, 415
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke
of, defeats the Scots, as Earl of Surrey,
at Flodden, 364; opposes Wolsey, 383;

NOR

charges Cromwell with treason, 401;
wastes the Scottish Borders, 405; con-
demned to death, 411

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, fourth Duke
of, sent to the Tower, 441; is liberated
and proposes to marry Mary Stuart,
444; arrested, 445: executed, 446
Norham, award of the crown of Scotland

at, 216

Norman Conquest, the, 96-103
Normandy, early dukes of, 80; institu
tions of, 81; its condition under
Robert, 118; pledged to William II.,
121; recovered by Robert, 124; con.
quered by Henry I., 125; conquered
by Geoffrey, 136; Henry, Duke of,
137; conquered by Philip II., 174, 176;
invaded by Edward III., 240; con.
quered by Henry V.,303; re-conquered
by the French, 320

Normans favoured by Eadward, 87;
their style of architecture, 89
Norris, Sir John, joins Drake in sacking
Corunna, 464

North Briton, the, 769

North Foreland, battle off, 591

North, Lord, becomes Prime Minister,
776; takes advantage of the division
of opinion between Burke and Chat-
ham, 777; feels strongly against the
conduct of the Americans, 778; ob-
tains the repeal of all the American
duties except that on tea, 779; resolves
to put down resistance in Boston, 780;
tries to conciliate the Americans, 783;
offers to resign office, 787; resignation
of, 795; coalesces with Fox, 800;
opposes Pitt's motion for Parliamen-
tary reform, 801; passes the Regu
lating Act, 832

Northampton, Archbishop

Thomas

called to account at, 145; battle of, 326
Northern confederacy, the, 844
North-humberland, component parts of,
36 united by Ethelric, 41; divided
by Penda, and re-united under Oswald,
47 is again divided, but re-united
under Oswiu, 48; its relations with
Ecgberht, 55 overrun by the Danes,
58: Danish kingdom in, 62, 63; is
amalgamated with England, 64; its
condition under Cnut, 84; under
Siward 84, 87

Northmen, their attacks on England,
56; religion of, 57; see Danes
Northumberland invaded by Malcolm
Canmore, 119; given to Henry, son
of David I., 133; recovered by Henry
II., 140
Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke
of, as Earl of Warwick, overpowers
Ket's rebellion, 416; leads the govern-
ment after Somerset's fall, ib.; be-
comes Duke of Northumberland, 4 8:
supports Lady Jane Grey, 420;
execution of, 421
Northumberland, the Earl of, assists

Henry IV., 284; quarrels with Henry

ORF

1007

IV., 293; imprisoned and pardoned,
294; defeated and slain, 296
Northumberland, Thomas Percy, Earl
of, takes part in the rising of the
North, 441

Norwich, establishment of the see of, 107
Nottingham, Anglian settlement at, 36;
seizure of Mortimer at, 232; Charles I.
sets up his standard at, 537
Nottingham, Earl of, opposes Richard
II., 279; is made Duke of Norfolk
and banished, 283; d'smissed through
the influence of Marlborough, 681;
coalesces with the Whigs, 695
Nova Scotia, assigned to England, 696;
abandonment of the French claim to,
765; joins the Dominion of Canada, 967
Nuncomar, execution of, 803
Nymwegen, peace of, 615

OATES, TITUS, tells the story of the
Popish Plot, 615

O'Brien, Smith, heads a rising in
Ireland, 935

Occasional Conformity Bill, failure of
the Tories to pass, 680; defeat of an
attempt to tack it to a land tax bill, 682;
passed, 695; repealed, 710

O'Connell, Daniel, demands Catholic
emancipation, 895; refused a seat in
the House of Commons, 896; asks for
a repeal of the Union, 910: combines
with the Whigs to overthrow Peel,
913; drops for a time his demand for
repeal of the Union, 916; shrinks from
a conflict with Peel, and dies, 928
O'Connor, Feargus, leads the Chartists,
924; summons a meeting on Kenning-
ton Common, 935

Oda, Archbishop, advocates the celi-
bacy of the clergy, 65; separates
Eadwig and Elfgifu, 67

Odo oppresses the English, 102; is
banished by William I., 115
O'Donnell, Rory, flight of, 484
Offa, king of the Mercians, defeats the
West Saxons at Bensington, 53; his
dyke, 54

Olaf Trygvasson, 79, 80

Oldcastle, Sir John, burnt as a Lollard,

300

Old Sarum, earthworks of Sorbiodunum
at, 24

Olive Branch petition, the, 733
O'Neill, Hugh, defeats Bagenal at the
Blackwater, 475; submission of, 478;
flight of, 484

O'Neill, Shan, defeat of, 452

Orange River Free State, the founda-
tion of, 968

Ordainers, the Lords, 226

Ordeal, system of, 32; continued by
Henry II., 146

Orders in Council, the, 860; repeal of, 872
Ordovices, the, resist the Romans, 14
Orford, Earl of, attacked by the Com
mons, 670 resigns office, ib.; see
Russell, Admiral

ORL

Orleans, siege of, 309

Orleans, Duke of (the Regent), is on
friendly terms with England, 707;
guarantees the Hanoverian succes-
sion, 708

Orleans, Duke of, Charles, captured at
Agincourt, 303; ransomed, 315
Orleans, Duke of, Louis, makes an alli-
ance with Glendower, 295; murdered,
296

Orleans, Henrietta, Duchess of, negoti-
ates the Treaty of Dover, 600
Ormond, Earl of, supports the Lancas-
trians, 346

Ormond, second Duke of, commands in
Flanders, 696; escapes to France, 705
Ormond, Thomas Butler, Marquis of,
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 542;
abandons Ireland to Parliament, 552;
returns to Ireland, ib.
Osric governs Deira, 48

Ostorius Scapula arrives in Britain, 13;
conquests of, 14

Oswald, Bishop of Worcester, 68
Oswald, King of North humberland, his
greatness and piety, 47; is slain at
Maserfield, 48

Oswini, his relations with Aidan, 48;
is murdered, ib.

Oswiu unites North-humberland, 48;
defeats Penda, ib. ; decides for Wilfrid
against Colman, 50

Otho, Cardinal, legate of Gregory IX.,

194

Otto I., Emperor, 63

Otto IV., Emperor, supports John, 179:
defeated at Bouvines, 181

Oude, Hastings seeks its alliance against
the Mahrattas, 802; annexation of, 951
Oudenarde, battle of, 690

Outram, Sir James, waives his rank in
Havelock's favour, 954
Overbury, Sir Thomas, poisoned, 488
Over-lordship, character of, 38
Oxford, growth of the University of,
167; the so-called Mad Parliament
meets at, 198: thronged with scholars,
207; study of Greek in the University
of, 367; Parliament adjourned to, 502;
headquarters of Charles I. at, 537;
Parliament held at, during the Plague,
590; the third Short Parliament meets
at, 621; Roman Catholic propaganda
of James II. in, 639
Oxford, Earl of, quarrels with Boling-
broke, 699; dismissed, 700;
peached and imprisoned, 704, 705; sce
Harley, Sir Robert

im-

PAR

430 Imperialist invasion of, 496; loss
of, 497; failure of the negotiation to
induce the king of Spain to obtain the
restitution of, 500; attempt to send
Mansfeld to recover, 501

Palmerston, Viscount, Foreign Secre-
tary in Lord Grey's ministry, 891;
supports the independence of Belgium,
912: maintains an alliance with
France, 913: Spanish policy of, 920 :
interferes in Syria, 922; dismissed,
938; saves the Derby ministry from
defeat, 939; is a member of the Aber-
deen ministry, 945: becomes Prime
Minister, 947; the elections (after his
entering on a war with China) in
favour of, 955; defeated on the Con-
spiracy to Murder Bill, and resigns,
956; becomes Prime Minister a second
time, ib.; death of, 960

Pandulf receives John's submission, 180
Papacy, influence of, in the time of
Gregory I., 39; strength of, in the
eleventh century, 88; its position in the
time of Gregory VII., 107; in the time
of Innocent III., 178: Babylonian
captivity of, 257: England relieved
of tribute to, 258; great schism of, 266;
immorality of, 375; legislation against
the payment of annates and Peter's
pence to, 388, 390

Papal jurisdiction in England, abolition
of, 389, 391

Paradise Lost, publication of, 596
Paris, the capital of Hugh Capet's
duchy, 80; rising against the Ar-
magnacs in, 304: Henry VI. crowned
at, 312; lost to the English, 313; sub.
mits to Henry IV., 464

Paris, Peace of, at the end of the Seven
Years' War, 766; at the end of the
American War, 795

Parker, Matthew, becomes Archbishop
of Canterbury, 429; character and
position of, 430

Parker, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford, a

secret Roman Catholic, 639; intrusive
President of Magdalen College, 641
Parliament (see Great Council, the),germ
of representation in, 180; first use of the
name of, 195; scheme of administra-
tive reform proposed in, ib.; knights
of the shire elected to, 196; relations
between the clergy and the barons,
197; insists on the Provisions of Ox-
ford, 197; representatives of towns
admitted by Earl Simon to, 201;
growth of, under Edward I., 216, 218;
Scottish representatives in, 222; ac-
knowledgment of the legislative power
of the Commons in, 228; finally se-
parated into two Houses, 244; opposi
tion to the clergy in, 259; Richard II.
invites complaints in, 280; relations of
Henry VIII. with, 385; relations of
Elizabeth with, 444; the Addled, 485;
the Short, 528; the Long, 529; forma-
tion of parties in, 532; struggles with