many of whom are very worthy people. If the subject were treated calmly, the system of slavery in these middle states would soon drop away. At this moment considerable numbers of New Englanders are buying farms in Virginia, and introducing their own vigorous method of working. Exhausted

estates are constantly to be had at very low prices; and in the hands of the smart Yankee farmers, who know how to plough deep and to lay on plenty of guano, they turn out capital speculations.'

"Do these fresh incomers,' I inquired, 'employ negroes?'

"I think not; they trust to themselves, though they may have one or two helps.'

"Will the free negroes readily work for them?' I asked, touching on a rather trying question.

"Not if they can help it. The truth is, sir, the whole coloured races, of every shade, are a poor, listless set of people not but there are exceptions among them. I never knew any one who would not amuse themselves, or idle away their time, rather than follow steady employment. They do very well as porters, house-servants, coachmen, barbers, waiters, or cooks-anything connected with eating they are good at. They also do tolerably well as preachers; in short, anything that does not involve hard continuous work." -pp. 255-6.

At Washington the Capitol is, of course, inspected; and a visit is made to the President, who is somewhat more accessible than a mayor is of the old-world cities. Indeed we can well understand the surprise with which a European views the residence of the chief magistrate and the seat of the Court at Washington. There is no parade of military force-no stateno guards, either for honour or for protection; everything is simple and unostentatious, as it might be found in the residence of any respectable wealthy gentleman. And when one has got the entrée, and passed the single doorkeeper, he probably will be introduced to a gentleman in a plain suit of black clothes, and find himself in conversation with the President of the United States of America. In the opening of Congress there is the same absence of parade" no procession of the President and his court-no corps diplomatique-no carriages-no trumpetersno dragoons"— no officials to be conciliated no pampered lackeys to be bribed for admission; but any one may walk in and sit down without challenge or denial.

Mr. Chambers was very favourably

impressed with the simple and effective mode of conducting public business, both in the Senate and in the House of Representatives; and although transatlantic oratory at times may transcend the fair license of debate and the strict rules of decorum, yet, when Englishmen censure such Yankee ebullitions, they should not forget the cock-crowing, and ass-braying, and the various other exhibitions of elegant blackguardism which may be heard in our own House of Commons. The observations of our traveller upon the mode of legislation in the United States how much has been achieved beyond what has been done in the parent country, and how much remains still to be done in many departments in which we are in advance—are full of interest and acumen, and may be read with very great advantage. In the following remarks we cordially con

cur:

"With an extensive and clear field in their favour, and no embarrassment from antiquated usages, the United States have been able to accomplish aims for the good of society which Great Britain has found utterly impracticable. In organising systems of national education at the public expense, the several states have, for example, completely outstripped the old country. Yet as, in this respect, monarchical Canada is quite as far forward as the States, it would be an error to suppose that republicanism is the cause of the remarkable step in advance. Candidly considered, it will be seen that the legislation of the United Kingdom, when obstructions are overcome and an intelligent public feeling fairly aroused, is abreast, if not a-head, of that of Congress. I would, in particular, call attention to the strides in advance made by England as regards freedom of commercial intercourse and navigation, leaving America to come laggingly behind, along with the nations for whom she, politically speaking, entertains anything but respect. The people of the United States, if true to themselves and the principles of a sound political economy, ought not, for the sake of special interests, to have been second in this great movement-will they even be second? Need I add, that the Americans have done themselves no honour in so long postponing the enactment of an international copyright treaty a subject legislated upon years ago by Great Britain."-pp. 294, 295.

Having visited Philadelphia and returned to New York, Mr. Chambers left America in December last, and scems to have accomplished more in

the space of three months than could have been expected from any one of less acuteness and power of observation.

But what has become pleasant of Abel Log all this time? We said he made a dash away into the back settlements to visit a certain eccentric Englishman, Captain Ramsay, who having taken a rooted dislike to the world, retired into the wilderness, married a squaw, had two fine children-a noble young hunter, called Two - bears, and a lovely girl named Humming-bird and was as happy as a man could well be. Butternut Castle was a neat, squarebuilt, soldier-like looking log-house, surrounded by a strong wooden palisading, with the union-jack floating proudly from its summit; and it had need to be well fortified, for in the vicinity had settled a ruffian of the name of Abraham Thorn, who had committed every possible crime in England, from petty larceny to murder, and had fled from the haunts of civilisation as if for the special purpose of committing depredations on the Ramsays. The assaults, sallies, burnings, shootings, surprises, and open pitched battles between the two families, terminating in the total expulsion of the Thorns, are described with wonderful liveliness by Abel. We shall not attempt to give any portion of this narrative, neither have we space for detailing a singular duel between Two-bears and Isaac Crease, fought with rifles in the wood, each party following and watching for the other, as he would for a bear, till at last Crease is slain by Two-bears in self-defence, after he has himself been severely wounded. We have rarely met with a writer who has finer powers of description than he who writes under the nom de plume of Abel Log. The volume teems with stories and incidents, narrated with a point, liveliness, and humour that are quite charming, and one or two tragic scenes are described with a pathos that is so frequently the concomitant of the faculty of humour. Indeed, we have rarely met with any one who had a keen sense of the humorous who had not also a deep feeling of the pathetic, though the converse by no means holds. Here is a description of a choleric old colonel, told by his grandson over a bottle of wine, which is a fair specimen of our author's

powers. The old gentleman was as obstinate as he was choleric, and the older he grew the more was he determined to have his way in everything:

6

"One afternoon as his coachman was driving him out, the latter had occasion to go through a very narrow street, where there was not room for two carriages to pass each other. It happened to be a gay day in the city, and a grand concourse of citizens, headed by a band of musicians and a party of horsemen carrying regalia and banners, was proceeding up the street as my grandfather was jogging down it. 'Make way, make way there in front!' cried the advanced guard of the mob. Ride them down, if they don't move.' This note of defiance put the old gentleman instantly on his mettle. He had intended to wheel about when he saw that the carriage was an obstacle to their progress; but, like fat John Falstaff, he would do nothing on compulsion, and he refused to budge an inch. There was a great uproar, as you will suppose, and they threatened to turn the horses' heads. Do, if you dare,' said my grandfather; and he dragged an old horse-pistol (he always carried one with him, in case of accidents) from under the carriage-cushion, and cocked it in their faces. Louder and louder grew the din, but there sat my grandfather in the carriage, and the coachman on the dickey. The coachman was a grim old serjeant of the Colonel's, and had smelt powder. 'Are you going to move?' roared the party of horsemen. No!' bellowed my grandfather in return; 'I told you that before;' and he looked to his priming and flint. 'You will not go back?' 'I will not.' 'Then you shall not advance.' 'Very good,' said my grandfather, 'I am in no hurry;' and draw ing a newspaper from under another cushion, he began to read.

"In about ten minutes as he was, turning the sheet and commencing the perusal of a fresh column, the mob held a council of war, the musicians struck up Yankee Doodle,' and the procession faced about. Then the colonel, shutting up the newspaper, deliberately gave the serjeant the word to advance. Now it so happened that my grandfather's two horses were particularly vicious ones; and growing restive, I suppose, at the bad music, they bit one or two of the flag-carriers, and caught up between them the chief trumpeter by the waistband of his smallclothes; whereupon his brother musicians called upon those in front to move quicker, and pressed so upon their heels, that the party of cavalry were thrown into confusion, a complete panic seized the crowd, and presently my grandfather drove them all, like a conquered enemy leaving a sacked city, helter-skelter before him. But this is a

digression; I am not getting on with my tale.

'My grandfather, I told you, was getting old; and as I was the last of the line, the Uncas of his race, he wished me to marry and settle. a matter which had as yet not much occupied my thoughts. I promised him, however, that I would take it into my consideration. Pooh! nonsense about consideration,' cried he; 'do it at once. Never procrastinate. Do as I did.' And by-thebye, I must let you know how that was, said Lascelles.

"My grandmother was a fine woman, a sensible woman, a strong-minded woman; and when my grandfather proposed to her she rejected him. He knew that (so he used to say) to be all stuff, and prepared for his wedding just as though everything had been satisfactorily arranged between himself and her. He fixed the day, furnished his house, invited his friends, engaged the parson, and the rumour of his projected marriage spread abroad. The lady heard of it, and was, perhaps, a little piqued to find (as she supposed) that another had so soon supplanted her in the colonel's affections. When she saw him again, she congratulated him upon his prospects, and inquired upon whom his choice had fallen.

and he

"Eh?' said my grandfather was really a handsome soldier-like man'the lady? Why, I am going to marry you, to be sure.'

"I am sure you are not,' said she.

"I will marry nobody else, madam; you may depend upon that,' said my grandfather. This very day week we shall be man and wife.'

"The next evening she again met the colonel at a party. Washington himself happened to be present. Introduce me to your intended wife, Lascelles,' said the general; and my grandfather led him to the lady in question. She wondered at his impudence, and presently asked him how he dare circulate a report of the kind.

"Truth will out, madam,' said the vete

ran.

"You think to carry me by storm,' replied the colonel's intended, but you will not do it, sir.'

"I shall carry you in some way or other, madam, I make small doubt,' said the colonel, smoothing his moustache; and, to the lady's great astonishment, on the very morning that my grandfather had fixed for the wedding, a carriage drew up at her door, the colonel alighted, walked in, offered her his arm, walked out again, ordered the coachman (no other than the trusty serjeant) to drive to the church, made her his wife, and lived with her very comfortably for upwards of forty years afterwards. fact, my grandfather never appeared to think anything impossible. If he had coveted a slice from the moon, or the tail of a young

In

comet, I verily believe he would have found some means of accomplishing its capture."pp. 397-400.

Let us give one extract to show that our observations as to Log's power of pathos are just. We must premise, however, that the force of the incident is much weakened by being separated from the scene of noise, and frolic, and dissipation, in the midst of which it occurs, as if to startle us by its contrast:

"As I ascended the staircase, I passed a crowd upon the landing, and saw several of the boarders endeavouring to force their way in at a door. They were repulsed, however, by somebody inside, and a few violent blows were exchanged. As I returned to inquire into the cause of the disturbance, I felt my sleeve pulled, and on looking round, was beckoned by a gentleman, who had sat opposite me at the breakfast-table. It was he who had beaten back the others. You may come in, if you like,' he said; and without knowing why, I followed him, and the door closed.

"A dying youth, whose features even yet retained the traces of much manly beauty, was lying upon a bed, moaning at intervals, and breathing heavily. He turned his eyes slowly upon me, and then closed them again, wearily.

"I do not wish anything of the kind,' he feebly said, in reply to some observation on the part of the other. 'You are the only friend that I possess, and from you alone will I receive it. I am ready; do not lose time.' Upon this the first speaker came forward, and placed a morsel of bread to the lips of the dying youth, who ate it eagerly. A cup containing some wine was next presented to him, and he drank a little of it; then muttered what seemed to be a prayer, and bade me turn the pillow, that the cool side of it might touch his fevered cheek.

"I feel better now,' he said, 'and am willing to die as soon as it shall please God to release me. You know all. I have nothing to add. Let me be buried, if possible, where things are quiet, and the turf is green.' In a few minutes the struggle for breath and utterance ceased; he pressed both our hands; there was a momentary frown upon his brow; it was succeeded by a smile, and his spirit had passed away."-pp. 128-9.

In due course our merry traveller, like our wise one, finds his way to New York, and so back to the Old World, true to his spirit of adventure, in a fine sailing vessel of 1,500 tons.

And so ends our companionship with those two pleasant travellers-plea

ULYSSES MAXIMILIAN BROWN, FieldMarshal of the armies of the Empress Maria Theresa, Governor of Prague, and Knight of the Golden Fleece, was born on the 24th of October, 1705.

His father, Ulysses Baron de Brown and Camus, the representative and descendant of one of the most ancient families in Ireland, was then a Colonel of Cuirassiers in the service of Joseph I., Emperor of Austria, and was one of the many brave Irish gentlemen who, after the unfortunate battle of Aughrim, the surrender of Galway, and capitulation of King James's army under St. Ruth, at Limerick, were forced to feed themselves by the blades of their swords in the service of foreign coun tries. He had served under the Emperor Leopold I., who died in 1703; and by the Emperor Charles VI. had been created Count of the Holy Roman Empire; while his brother George received the same exalted rank, being, at the same time, a distinguished General of Infantry, Colonel of a regiment of Musketeers, and Councillor of War.

In his childhood, Ulysses Maximilian was sent to the city of Limerick by his father, and there, for a few years, he pursued his studies at a public school, until his uncle, Count George Brown, sent for him, when only ten years of age, to join his regiment of infantry, which was then with the army marching into Hungary, under the famous and gallant Prince Eugene of Savoy, against the Turks, who had invaded the Imperial frontier. With this army the great Count Saxe was serving as an humble subaltern officer.

The Turks had broken the peace of Carlovitz in 1715, conquered the Morea, declared war against Venice, besieged Corfu, and spread a general alarm among the Courts of Europe. The Emperor's mediation was rejected with disdain by Achmet III., the imperious Porte, whose army, 150,000 strong, hovered on the right bank of the Danube; but Prince Eugene, with a small, well disciplined force, having passed the river in sight of the inactive Osmanli, encamped at Peterwaradin, on the confines of Sclavonia.

Ulysses Maximilian Brown was with this army in the regiment of his uncle. A battle ensued on the 5th August, 1716, near Carlovitz, and the Turks were totally routed with the loss of their Grand Vizier Ali, and 30,000 slain; while 50 standards, 250 pieces of cannon, and all their baggage, were taken. Other, but minor victories followed, and in the month of June, the brave Prince Eugene invested Belgrade, the key of the Ottoman dominions on the Hungarian frontier. For two months it was vigorously defended by 30,000 men, while the Turkish army, under the new Grand Vizier, was intrenched close by, in a semicircle which stretched from the Danube to the Save, thus inclosing the troops of Eugene in the marshes between those rapid rivers.

By war and disease the Imperialists suffered fearfully; fighting of the most desperate kind ensued daily; and there, while yet a child, the little Irish boy was taught to handle his espontoon, and became a witness of, if not an actor in, those military barbarities which have always blackened a war along the Ottoman frontier.

It was apparent to Eugene, that the Turks, by destroying the bridge of the Save, might obstruct his retreat, surprise a body of his Austrians at Semlin, or cut off his artillery, which were bombarding the lower town of Belgrade, while sickness and scarcity pressed severely upon his slender force; thus it became evident, that nothing but a decisive victory would save him from gradual destruction. Already the Turks, 200,000 strong, were within musket-shot, and would soon storm his lines, which were defended by only 40,000 men, exclusive of the 20,000 who were blocking up Belgrade.

On a dark midnight- the 16th of August-after uniting his forces by firing three bombs, he attacked the mighty host of the Sultan Achmetthe most complete that Turkey had ever equipped for battle. Favoured by a thick fog, the Austrians broke through the slow and heavy Osmanli, stormed all their intrenchments at the point of the bayonet, turned their own guns upon them, and grape-shotted