SEC. 15. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the offense, and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate; nor shall any person be transported out of the state for any offense committed within the state.

SEC. 16. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities, shall be passed.

SEC. 17. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power.

SEC. 18. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, except in the manner prescribed by law. SEC. 19. [Right of petition.]-The right of the people, peaceably, to assemble to consult for the common good, and to petition the government, or any department thereof, shall never be abridged.

SEC. 20. [Imprisonment for debt.]-No person shall be imprisoned for debt in any civil action on mesne or final process, unless in cases of fraud.

SEC. 21. [Private property.]-The property of no person shall be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation therefor.

SEC. 22. All election sshall be free; and there shall be no hindrance or imped

iment to the right of a qualified voter to exercise the elective franchise.

SEC. 23. The writ of error shall be a writ of right in all cases of felony; and in capital cases shall operate as a supersedeas to stay the execution of the sentence of death until the further order of the supreme court in the premises.

SEC. 24. The right to be heard in all civil cases in the court of last resort, by appeal, error, or otherwise, shall not be denied.

SEC. 25. [Aliens.]-No distinction shall ever be made by law between resident aliens and citizens in reference to the possession, enjoyment, or descent of property.

SEC. 15. Enforcement of penalty for neglect to remove fence is constitutional. Black v. Stein, 23 Neb., 304. SEC. 16. Ex post facto law defined. Marion v. State, 16 Neb., 353. Law changing procedure or manner of enforcing punishment after commission of offense is not ex post facto. Marion v. State, 20 Neb., 248. Act requiring holder of county warrant drawing certain rate of interest to present same and take bonds at lower rate of interest impairs obligation of contract and is void. Brewer v. Otoe county, 1 Neb., 381. Act donating lands to railroads is a contract which cannot be impaired by donation of portion for another purpose. Koenig v. O. & N. W. R. R. Co., 3 Neb., 383. Remedy or mode of enforcing contract may be changed by legislature. Jones v. Davis, 6 Neb., 36. Law cannot be passed impairing vested rights. Lincoln B. & S. Assn. v. Graham, 7 Neb., 179. Mechanics lien law of 1881 not in violation of this section by reason of its provisions being applicable to buildings under contract at the time of the taking effect of said act. Colpetzer v. Trinity Church, 24 Neb., 123. Legislature cannot deprive party of substantial contract right. State v. McPeak, 31 Neb., 139.

SEC. 20. Proceedings under bastardy act while in nature of civil action are police regulations, and putative father may be imprisoned for failure to support child. Ex parte Cottrell, 13 Neb., 193. Imprisonment for bastardy not an imprisonment for "debt." Ex parte Donahoe, 24 Neb., 69.

SEC. 21. Section not violated by act giving power to cities to tax all property within city limits. Turner v. Althaus, 6 Neb., 77 (overruling Bradshaw v. Omaha, 1 Neb., 30.) Municipal aid to railroads does not conflict with this provision. Hollenbeck v. Hahn, 2 Neb., 399. Section merely declaratory of the common law. Wagner v. Gage County, 3 Neb., 241. [This case decided under constitution 1867, which did not contain the words "or damaged."] In awarding "just compensation" general benefits not considered, though special benefits may be. Id. Schaller v. Omaha, 23 Neb., 332. Act giving double damages to owner of live stock for its destruction by railroads is void. A. & N. R. R. Co. v. Baty, 6 Neb., 46. Special assessments can only be levied upon property specially benefitted, and only to the extent of the benefits. Hanscom v. Omaha, 11 Neb., 41. Drains for reclamation of wet lands can be constructed across lands of others, except by consent, only when public welfare is subserved. Jenal v. Green Island Draining Co., 12 Neb., 166. "Just compensation means that owner shall have fair market value at the time of taking and damages include interest from that time. Sioux City R. R. v. Brown, 13 Neb., 320. Words "or damaged" equivalent to words "injuriously affected." Gottschalk v. C., B. & Q. R. R., 14 Neb., 560. Railroad built on public road; owner entitled to recover damages by reason of additional burden placed thereon. H. & G. I. R. R. v. Ingalls, 15 Neb., 128. Words "or damaged" added for purpose of extending remedy to owner in all cases where his property has been damaged by the work done. Harmon v. Omaha, 17 Neb., 550. Hammond v. Harvard, 31 Neb., 635. Plattsmouth v. Boeck, 32 Neb., 297. And include all actual damages which diminish market value of property. City of Omaha v. Kramer, 25 Neb., 493. Payment for property appropriated must precede or be concurrent with the taking of it. R. V. R. R. Co. v. Fink, 18 Neb., 86. The additional words "or damaged" confers rights which are effective without legislation. State v. Babcock, 19 Neb., 239. Condemnation of property for right of way upon which there was mortgage; company failing to notify mortgagee, Held, Liable upon foreclosure, although it had paid condemnation money to mortgagor. Dodge v. O. & S. W. R. R. Co., 20 Neb., 281. Words "or damaged" intended to afford additional remedy; to cover class of cases not embraced in section under former constitution. O. & R. V. R. R. Co. v. Standen, 22 Neb., 351. Foreign corporation cannot exercise power of eminent domain. Trester v. M. P. R. R. Co., 23 Neb., 247. “* Or damaged that which causes diminution in value. Property damaged, not taken. C., K. & N. R. Co. v. Hazels, 26 Neb., 364. Special benefits discussed, Omaha v. Schaller, 26 Neb., 522. Not an offset to value, but to damages to residue of tract. Omaha v. Howell Co., 30 Neb., 633. Injuries resulting from passing engines. O. & N. P. R. v. Janecek, Id., 276.

SEC. 22. Registration law depriving an elector of right to vote, unless registered on one of four days, the last day being ten days prior to the election, is void. State v. Corner 22 Neb., 265. Section cited In re Senate File 31, 25 Neb., 878.

SEC. 23. Prisoner not entitled to transcript of evidence, on writ of error, at public expense. State v.Moore,8 Neb.,24. SEC. 24. Party cannot be deprived of right to review case in court of last resort. Storms v. Eaton, 5 Neb., 458. Appeal lies from decree granting divorce. Brotherton v. Brotherton, 12 Neb., 73.. Effect of section was to repeal sec. 583, civil code without legislation. State v. Babcock, 19 Neb., 239. Section cited State v. Dodge County, 20 Neb., 604.

SEC. 25. Resident alien, whose family is absent, is entitled to benefits of exemption laws, if he came to the state with settled purpose of abandoning his ner home and moving his family here. People v. McClay, 2 Neb., 9. Swaney v. Hutchins, 13 Neb., 267.

2

SEC. 26. This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people, and all powers not herein delegated remain with the people.

ARTICLE II. —DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS.

SECTION 1. The powers of the government of this state are divided into three distinct departments, the legislative, executive and judicial, and no person, or collection of persons, being one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others, except as hereinafter expressly directed or permitted.

ARTICLE [III.]—LEGISLATIVE.

SECTION 1. The legislative authority is vested in a senate and house of representatives.

SEC. 2. [Census.]-The legislature shall provide by law for an enumeration of the inhabitants of the state in the year eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and every ten years thereafter; and at its first regular session after each enumeration, and also after each enumeration made by the authority of the United States, but at no other time, the legislature shall apportion the senators and representatives according to the number of inhabitants, excluding Indians not taxed, and soldiers and officers of the United States army and navy.

SEC. 3. [Number.]-The House of representatives shall consist of eighty-four members, and the senate shall consist of thirty members, until the year eighteen hundred and eighty, after which time the number of members of each house shall be regulated by law; but the number of representatives shall never exceed one hundred, nor that of senators thirty-three. The sessions of the legislature shall be biennial, except as otherwise provided in this constitution.

SEC. 4. The terms of office of members of the legislature shall be two years, and they shall each receive pay at the rate of five dollars per day during their sitting, and ten cents for every mile they shall travel in going to and returning from the place of meeting of the legislature, on the most usual route; Provided, however, That they shall not receive pay for more than sixty days at any one sitting, nor more than one hundred days during their term. That neither members of the legislature nor employes shall receive any pay or perquisites other than their salary and mileage. Each session, except special sessions, shall not be less than sixty days. After the expiration of forty days of the session no bills nor joint resolutions of the nature of bills shall be introduced, unless the governor shall by special message call the attention of the legislature to the necessity of passing a law on the subject matter embraced in the message, and the introduction of bills shall be restricted thereto. [As amended at election in November, 1886. Laws 1887, Ch. 2.]

SEC. 5. [Who not eligible.]-No person shall be eligible to the office of senator or member of the house of representatives, who shall not be an elector, and have resided within the district from which he is elected for the term of one year next before his election, unless he shall have been absent on the public business of the United States, or of this state. And no person elected as aforesaid shall hold his office after he shall have removed from such district.

SEC. 6. [Same.]-No person holding office under the authority of the United States, or any lucrative office under the authority of this state, shall be eligible to or have a seat in the legislature; but this provision shall not extend to precinct or township officers, justices of the peace, notaries public, or officers of the militia; nor shall

SEC. 1. An expository statute, in nature of mandate to courts to construe and apply a former law, not according to judicial, but according to legislative judgment, is inoperative, and cannot control the courts in interpreting the law and declaring what it is. Lincoln B. & S. Assn. v. Graham, 7 Neb., 180. Incompetent for legislature to create a railroad commission and invest it with official power without assigning duties vested in executive department. In re Railroad Commissioners, 15 Neb., 682. Judicial construction of statute or constitution binding on all departments. State v. VanCamp, 54 N. W. R., 113.

SEC. 1. Cited Reineman v. C. C. & B. H. R. R. Co., 7 Neb., 314.

SEC. 3. See Chap. 5, post. Legislature cannot deprive county of representation in the legislature. Where county is omitted it will retain its representation under preceding act. State v. Van Duyn, 24 Neb., 586.

SEC. 4. A clerk rendering services to two committees, is not entitled to double compensation therefor. State v. Wallichs, 14 Neb., 440. Votes necessary to adopt amendment to constitution must be a majority of all those cast in the state at that election for senators and representatives. State v. Babcock, 17 Neb., 188.

any person interested in a contract with, or an unadjusted claim against the state, hold a seat in the legislature.

SEC. 7. The session of the legislature shall commence at 12 o'clock (noon) on the first Tuesday in January, in the year next ensuing the election of members thereof, and at no other time, unless as provided by this constitution. A majority of the members elected to each house shall constitute a quorum. Each house shall determine the rules of its proceedings, and be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its members; shall choose its own officers; and the senate shall choose a temporary president to preside when the lieutenant-governor shall not attend as president, or shall act as governor. The secretary of state shall call the house of representatives to order at the opening of each new legislature, and preside over it until a temporary presiding officer thereof shall have been chosen and shall have taken his seat. No member shall be expelled by either house, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to that house, and no member shall be twice expelled for the same offense. Each house may punish by imprisonment any person, not a member thereof, who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house, by disorderly or contemptuous behavior in its presence, but no such imprisonment shall extend beyond twenty-four hours at one time, unless the person shall persist in such disorderly or contemptuous behavior.

SEC. 8. [Journals.]-Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and publish them (except such parts as may require secrecy), and the yeas and nays of the members on any question shall, at the desire of any two of them, be entered on the journal. All votes in either house shall be viva voce. The doors of each house and of committee of the whole, shall be open, unless when the business shall be such as ought to be kept secret. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days.

SEC. 9. [Bills.]-Any bill may originate in either house of the legislature, except bills appropriating money, which shall originate only in the house of representatives, and all bills passed by one house may be amended by the other.

SEC. 10. [Enacting clause.]-The enacting clause of a law shall be, "Be it enacted by the legislature of the state of Nebraska," and no law shall be enacted except by bill. No bill shall be passed unless by assent of a majority of all the members elected to each house of the legislature. And the question upon final passage shall be taken immediately upon its last reading, and the yeas and nays shall be entered upon the journal.

SEC. 11. [Title-Amendment of laws.]-Every bill and concurrent resolution shall be read at large on three different days in each house, and the bill and all

SEC. 7. Certancate of election awarded by order of court not conclusive on legislature. State v. VanCamp, 54 N. W. R., 113.

SEC. 8. A bill passed in one house and amended in the other; on concurrence in amendments not disclosed by journal, Held, That act was valid. Hull v. Miller, 4 Neb., 506. Journals are records of the proceedings therein, and if it should appear from them that a bill had not actually passed, presumption in favor of certificate would be overthrown and act declared invalid. State v. McLelland, 18 Neb., 241. Journals must show that a majority of all the members elected to each house voted in favor of the passage of a bill. Id. Certificate of presiding officer that bill has duly passed the house over which he presides is merely prima facie evidence of that fact, and evidence may be received to ascertain whether or not the bill actually passed. Id., 243. State v. Robinson, 20 Neb., 96. SEC. 11. Title need not contain abstract of bill or set out particulars of amendment. People v. McCallum, 1 Neb., 194. Title cannot enlarge or restrain provisions of act. White v. Lincoln, 5 Neb., 515. Meisinger v. State, 25 Neb., 676. Object of provision concerning title to prevent obnoxious legislation, Id., 516. Under a title authorIzing issuance of bonds legislature could not legalize them. Hamlin v. Meadville, 6 Neb.,234. Title an index to legislative intent. State v. Lancaster county, 6 Neb., 485. Ives v. Norris, 13 Neb., 254. If subject matter is within scope of the title the act is good. State v. Ream, 16 Neb., 683. "Or other purposes" added to title are a mere nullity. L. B. & S. A. v. Graham, 7 Neb., 179. "An act to establish a criminal code" is broad enough to include provisions for expenses incurred in prosecutions. Boggs v. Washington County, 10 Neb., 300. Title "Counties and county officers," Held, good. State v. Page, 12 Neb., 387. Title which amends two or more sections not objectionable. Miller v. Hurford, 13 Neb., 17. Act amending a subdivision of a section is good. State v. Babcock, 23 Neb., 134. Under title to exempt homesteads, provisions protecting it may be included. Bonorden v. Kriz, 13 Neb., 124. Title must express subject. Ives v. Norris, 13 Neb., 254. "An act regulating herding and driving of stock" not broad enough to include damages for castration of animals. Id. Third section, 1875, p. 206 not within the title and void. City of Tecumseh v. Phillips, 5 Neb., 310. Word "government" in title does not add additional subject to the word "organization." State v. Palmer, 10 Neb., 206. Title of amendatory act cannot be broader than original. B. & M. v. Saunders County, 9 Neb., 511. "An act to prevent the fraudulent transfer of personal property" not broad enough to include the removal of mortgaged property out of a county. Ex parte Thomason, 16 Neb., 239. See Herold v. State, 21 Neb., 52. "An act to provide for the organization, government and powers of cities of the second class having more than 10,000 inhabitants" not broad enough to give police judge concurrent jurisdiction with county courts in civil actions. Holmberg v. Hauck, 16 Neb., 338. One house cannot change or amend title of a bill originating in another. Ballou v. Black, 17 Neb., 394. Where title of an act contains two subjects, the first and principal one being the amendment of another act, and the second not connected with prin

amendments thereto shall be printed before the vote is taken upon its final passage. No bill shall contain more than one subject, and the same shall be clearly expressed in its title. And no law shall be amended unless the new act contains the section or sections so amended, and the section or sections so amended shall be repealed. The presiding officer of each house shall sign, in the presence of the house over which he presides, while the same is in session and capable of transacting business, all bills and concurrent resolutions passed by the legislature.

SEC. 12. [Privileges of members.]-Members of the legislature, in all cases except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, shall be privileged from arrest during the session of the legislature, and for fifteen days next before the commencement and after the termination thereof.

SEC. 13. [Disabilities.]-No person elected to the legislature shall receive any civil appointment within this state, from the governor and senate during the term for which he has been elected, and all such appointments, and all votes given for any such member for any such office or appointment, shall be void. Nor shall any member of the legislature, or any state officer, be interested, either directly or indirectly, in any contract with the state, county or city, authorized by any law passed during the term for which he shall have been elected, or within one year after the expiration thereof.

SEC. 14. [Impeachment.]-The senate and house of representatives, in joint convention, shall have the sole power of impeachment, but a majority of the members elected must concur therein. Upon the entertainment of a resolution to impeach by either house, the other house shall at once be notified thereof, and the two houses shall meet in joint convention for the purpose of acting upon such resolution within three days of such notification. A notice of an impeachment of any officer other than a justice of the supreme court, shall be forthwith served upon the chief justice by the secretary of the senate, who shall thereupon call a session of the supreme court to meet at the capital within ten days after such notice to try the impeachment. A notice of an impeachment of a justice of the supreme court shall be served by the secretary of the senate upon the judge of the judicial district within which the capital is located, and he thereupon shall notify all the judges of the district court in the state to meet with him within thirty days at the capital, to sit as a court to try such impeachment, which court shall organize by electing one of its number to preside. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members of the court of impeachment, but judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, profit or trust in this state, but the party impeached, whether convicted or acquitted, shall nevertheless be liable to prosecution and punishment according to law. No officer shall exercise his official duties after he shall have been impeached and notified thereof, until he shall have been acquitted.

cipal subject, the first title and subject matter thereunder will be sustained where they are distinct and separate, if it is apparent that the second was not an inducement to the legislature to pass the first, so that but for the second part it would not have passed the act. State ex rel. Miller v. Lancaster County, 17 Neb., 85. State v. Hurds, 19 Neb., 323. Where act is broader than title, portion in excess of title is void. Meisinger v. State, 25 Neb., 676. Title not necessary in proposing amendments to constitution. In re Senate File 31, 25 Neb., 825, 831. In amending an act it may be designated by its title or chapter in the Compiled Statutes. Dogge v. State, 17 Neb., 143. State ex rel. Seldon v. Berka, 20 Neb., 377. State v. Babcock, 23 Neb., 133. In amending a chapter of the statutes, it is not necessary to make special reference to the several sections of it. Ballou v. Black, 17 Neb., 392. "An act to amend the code of civil procedure" is valid, though it do not mention the section amended, if the amendment made is germane to the original act. Gatling v. Lane, 17 Neb., 84. Herdman v. Marshall, 18 Neb., 259. A provision in an amendatory act repealing an act not connected with the subject of the amendment is void. State v. Lancaster County, 17 Neb., 87. In amending statutes only necessary to set out section as amended. People v. McCallura, 1 Neb., 195. Act not complete in itself, but clearly amendatory of a former statute is void. Smails. White, 4 Neb., 357. Sovereign v. State, 7 Neb., 412. State v. Whittemore, 12 Neb., 254. State v. Corner, 22 Neb., 272. But if complete and repealing all former statutes on the subject it is good. Jones v. Davis, 6 Neb., 36. State v. Page, 12 Neb., 386. Herold v. State, 21 Neb., 52. All parts of amended law should be contained in new act, and old law so amended repealed. Ryan v. State, 5 Neb., 280. Lancaster County v. Hoagland, 7 Neb., 38. Amendment must be germane to subject matter of act amended. Miller v. Hurford, 11 Neb., 381. Amended act should not bring in a new subject, and one which is entirely foreign to title. State v. Pierce County, 10 Neb., 477. Object of section is to give certainty to the law by removing all apparently conflicting provisions. State v. Wish, 15 Neb., 449. Act should not contain more than one subject. City of Tecumseh v. Phillips, 5 Neb., 311. White v. Lincoln, Id., 515. Dawson County v. McNamar, 10 Neb., 279. Sufficient if law have one general object. White v. Lincoln, 5 Neb., 516. Hamlin v. Meadville, 6 Neb., 234. Amendments on report of conference committee need not be printed. State v. Leidtke, 9 Neb., 492. Failure of presiding officer to sign, Held, not fatal. Cottrell v. State, 9 Neb., 129. Taylor v Wilson, 17 Neb., 89. Effect of adjournment from time to time on bills in hands of governor. Miller v. Hurford, 11 Neb., 381. Fresumption that bill was presented to governor. Miller v. Hurford, 13 Neb., 17. Act to amend divi

SEC. 15. [Prohibited special legislation.]-The legislature shall not pass local or special laws in any of the following cases, that is to say: For granting divorces. Changing the names of persons or places. Laying out, opening, altering, and working roads or highways. Vacating roads, town plats, streets, alleys, and public grounds. Locating or changing county seats. Regulating county and township offices. Regulating the practice of courts of justice. Regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace, police magistrates, and constables. Providing for changes of venue in civil and criminal cases. Incorporating cities, towns, and villages, or changing or amending the charter of any town, city, or village. Providing for the election of officers in townships, incorporated towns, or cities. Summoning or impaneling grand or petit jurors. Providing for the bonding of cities, towns, precincts, school districts, or other municipalities. Providing for the management of public schools. Regulating the interest on money. The opening and conducting of any election, or designating the place of voting. The sale or mortgage of real estate belonging to minors or others under disability. The protection of game or fish. Chartering or licensing ferries or toll bridges. Remitting fines, penalties, or forfeitures. Creating, increasing, and decreasing fees, percentage, or allowances of public officers during the term for which said officers are elected or appointed. Changing the law of descent. Granting to any corporation, association, or individual the right to lay down railroad tracks, or amending existing charters for such purpose. Granting to any corporation, association, or individual any special or exclusive privileges, immunity, or franchise whatever. In all other cases where a general law can been made applicable, no special law shall be enacted.

SEC. 16. [Extra compensation.]—The legislature shall never grant any extra compensation to any public officer, agent, servant, or contractor, after the services shall have been rendered, or the contract entered into. Nor shall the compensation of any public officer be increased or diminished during his term of office.

SEC. 17. [Salt springs.]—The legislature shall never alienate the salt springs belonging to this state.

SEC. 18. [Donations of land.]-Lands under control of the state shall never be donated to railroad companies, private corporations, or individuals.

SEC. 19. [Appropriations.]—Each legislature shall make appropriations for the expenses of the government until the expiration of the first fiscal quarter after the adjournment of the next regular session, and all appropriations shall end with such fiscal quarter. And whenever it is deemed necessary to make further appropriations for deficiencies, the same shall require a two-thirds vote of all the members elected to each house, and shall not exceed the amount of revenue authorized by law to be raised in

sion of section valid. State v. Babcock, 23, Neb., 128. Fenton v. Yule, 27 Neb., 758. Baird v. Todd, 27 Neb., 782. Title of act to regulate license and sale, etc., of liquors covers civil damage law. Poffinbarger v. Smith, 27 Neb., 788. One general subject expressed in title sufficient. K. C. & O. R. Co. v. Frey, 47 N. W. R., 87. Title of city charter not broad enough to exempt city from liabilities for injuries. Weigel v. Hastings, 29 Neb., 694. Concurrent resolutions must be signed by presiding officers of both houses, by the de-facto lieutenant governor, even if he is a contestee. In re Quære, 31 Neb., 262. "Act supplemental of and amendatory of" chap. 50 Comp. Stats., good title. In re White, 33 Neb., 812. Amendments by addition of new provisions, see Smith v. State 34 Neb., 689. Provisions not retroactive, State v. Robinson, 35 Neb., 402.

SEO. 15. Act authorizing justices of the peace in cities and towns to "hold their offices in other precincts" is special legislation and void. State v. Shropshire, 4 Neb., 413. Special act authorizing funding bonds, Held, valid. Commissioners v. People, 5 Neb., 127. (This decision before adoption of constitution of 1875.) Special act authorizing school bonds of a certain district is void. Clegg v. School District, 8 Neb., 179. Dundy v. Richardson county, Id., 518. Act declaring city ordinance exempting specified property from taxation is void. Hallo v. Helmer, 12 Neb., 94. Classification of cities into classes and sub-classes not special legislation. State v. Graham, 16 Neb., 76. Provisions concerning classes of cities upheld. State v. Berka, 20 Neb., 375. Provisions exempting cities from giving appeal bond, good. McClay v. Lincoln, 32 Neb., 412. General and uniform statutes are constitutional. State v. Robinson, 35 Neb., 402. Boundaries of city or town cannot be extended by special act. City of Wahoo v. Dickinson, 23 Neb., 431. City not exempt from liability for negligence by reason of a special act of limitation. Foxworthy v. Hastings, 23 Neb., 776. Cited In re House Roll 284, 31 Neb.,

505.

SEC. 16. Where at time of election of officers no salary is fixed, an ordinance passed afterwards, fixing salary, is good. State v. McDowell, 19 Neb., 443. Wheelock v. McDowell, 20 Neb., 161. Last clause applies only to constitutional officers. Douglas Co. v. Timme, 32 Neb., 272.

SEC. 19. Fiscal quarter" means one quarter of a calendar year. Opinion of judges, 5 Neb., 570. Fiscal year commences December 1. Appropriations extended to end of first fiscal quarter after adjournment of next regular session. State v. Babcock, 22 Neb., 35.