Liturgy includes and maintains them all. The exhortation that we should hold fast a form of words fo found, with fome direc tions how we should perform that duty, concludes this valuable difcourfe. Particularly fpecifying the duty of avoiding worship performed "by perfons not in epifcopal orders, or whofe place of worship, though called a chapel, has not received the licence or fanction of the Bishop, but is opened in defiance of his jurifdic tion; which therefore ceafes to be the service of the Church of England." P. 21.

With a few more reflections on this fubject, and on the duty of practical Chriftianity, concludes a difcourfe very likely to realize the introductory prayer of the author, by doing good wherever it shall be perufed.

ART. 21. The Chriftian Spectator; or, Religious Sketches from real Life. 12mo. 140 pp. 2s. 6d. Hatchard. 1806.

Very good and useful is the defign of thefe "humble pages,” (as the author names them, but in fact they are highly refpectable) that the readers of them may be brought into a habit of pious reflection upon the ordinary occurrences of human life.

"I have loft a day!"-exclaimed an imperial voice of old, whenever the fun had rifen and fet, without having witnessed the performance of any good and ufeful deed." I have loft a day!" may each of us exclaim now, whenever we lay our head upon our pillow, confcious of not having derived any fpiritual profit from the events which the past day has brought forth. Every hour is replete with inftruction;-every occurrence, how common foever it be, has a tongue, and speaks to the Chriftian Spectator in a loud and impreffive tone." From every paffing event he receives improvement; from every thorn he plucks a berry; from every field he gleans an ear." Pref. p. iii. The fketches here fet before us are remarkably interesting; and an ardently pious fpirit appears to animate the writer in every page. But one (at least) of his notions demands a hint for amendment. It is faid of a parish minifter, "He it is who first brought into this benighted place the light of the Gofpel." P. 59. He was one, it feems, of thofe; on whom has lately been conferred the title, in itself unexceptionable, but in thefe days of prefumption arrogated by one fet of men exclufively of all others,-evangelical preachers.

A multitude of paffages, however, of excellent tendency, make ample amends for this fault; and with one of thefe we fhall conclude our fpecimens. "Hail, my country! who, even in thefe dark days of rebuke and blafphemy, doft ftill maintain the worship of thy God. While with prayer thy bofts go forth to battie, and their victorious return is celebrated with folemn thanksgiving and praife; with prayer thy Senates alfo commence

their deliberations; and with prayer thy Judges prepare to adminifter juftice throughout the land. How well does it become a wife and great nation thus to fanctify its civil inftitutions, and thus to call down the Divine bleffing upon the falutary ordi nances of human authority!" P. 92.

ART. 22. The Fall of Eminent Men in Critical Periods, a National Calamity. A Sermon preached at the Gravel-pit-meeting, Hackney, on Sunday, September 21, 1806, on occafion of the recent Death of the Right Hon. Charles James Fox. By Robert Afpland. 8vo. 25 pp. Is. Longman. 1806.

An eulogy, in which we concur for the most part, though not abfolutely. But of men confeffedly great let us think with tendernefs, when they are divided from us by death. The preacher is not always fortunate in his oratorical efforts: "What then is. high ftation? I will tell you, my brethren :-it is a flippery eminence, which one worm has climbed above his fellow-worm, and from which he at length falls (with a defcent humiliating in proportion to his boafted elevation)-into his native duft. P. 17.

MEDICINE.

ART. 23. Obfervations on the remarkable Efficacy of Carrots, under a new Mode of Application, in the Cure of Ulcers and Sores. By Richard Walker, Author of Experiments on artificial Cold, &c. 8vo. 24 PP. Is. Murray. 1806.

The carrot poultice has long been celebrated for its power in correcting the putrid fmell of fordid, fcorbutic ulcers, amending. the discharge, and inducing a difpofition in the ulcers to heal, Still however it happens, in fome very ill-conditioned fores, that it fails in producing thefe falutary effects. The ordinary mode of preparing the poultice is by fcraping the roots, unboiled, as, they are taken out of the ground. The prefent author determined to try their utility when boiled, and then bruised in a mortar to a foft pulp.

"The carrots being previously cleaned, by fcraping and wash. ing," he fays, "were fplit, and boiled till quite tender, then beaten in a mortar to an uniform, foft, moift pulp. The ulcers were washed, or fomented with the liquor, and the poultices applied cold. The effects of this treatment were apparent in a very thort time. The fores, which, before the application of the poul tice, were spreading, and seemed in a hopeless state, foon put on a more healthy appearance."

The author has followed this mode of making and using the carrot poultice feveral years, and has had fo many opportunities of making comparative trials of the two modes of preparing

The

the poultice, that he feels himself fully authorised to recom mend boiling the carrots to ufing them raw. In either way the poultice is to be applied cold. The trials were principally made, it appears, in the Radcliff Infirmary, at Oxford. For a more particular defcription of the cafes, in which it has been used, and of the mode of applying it, we fhall refer our readers to the pamphlet, which feems well deferving their notice.

ART. 24. A Syftem of Arrangement of Difcipline for the Medical Department of Armies. By Robert Jackson, M. D. 8vo. 462 pp. 12s. 6d.. Murray.. 1805.

Dr. Jackfon tells us, in his preface, that as he had opportu nity, having been long engaged in the Medical Department in the Army, fo his mind was particularly turned to the contemplation of fuch regulations, as might tend to facilitate, to the young phyfician, or furgeon, the acquirement of the knowledge of their duty, in attending the military hofpitals, at home, or in the field. Having therefore collected a body of information on the subject, which, if adopted, he had perfuaded himself would very much improve the fituation both of the fick, and the attendants upon them, and at the fame time, fave a large portion of the money annually expended by government, he fent them to Mr. Pitt. This was a few months, he fays, before their being printed, that is, in the beginning, we prefume, of the year. 1805, for the volume was published in that year, though by fome means, we cannot fay what, overlooked by us till now. It, or the manufcript, met with the fame fate from Mr. Pitt; for though the author had requested of the Minifter to refer the examination of his fyftem to perfons who might be judges of its value, and profeffed a willingness to attend, and give fuch further information, as might be required, no anfwer was returned. The fact seems to have been, that government had previously turned their attention to the fubject, and had made confiderable alterations in the management of the Medical De-' partment of the Army, and had probably redreffed much of the evil that had before exifted. This the author acknow. ledges" It is however to be obferved," he fays (Preface, P. 17" on the prefent occafion, that confiderable improve. ment in arrangement, as tending to accuracy and economy, has been introduced into the management of regimental hofpitals of late. There is here evident improvement; but there ftill exift things in the new forms, more complicated than neceffary, and not well according with the just conftitution of military force." The author was therefore too late with his fyftem, and he could' not expect government would abandon an arrangement just made,' which, in the fhort trial made of it, had produced falutary effects, and adopt a new plan, inferior perhaps, in value, to that they were afting upon. Indeed, if we rightly understand

the author, the plan adopted requires rather to be elucidated. and explained, that the perfons fubjected to it, might understand the reafons for inftituting the regulations, than that the regula tions should be altered." There is befides," he says, p. 18, "no elucidation of the propriety of the rules enjoined, by the expofition of the principle, luftrated by reafoning, and supported by reference to fact. Such expofition might, perhaps, be thought to be neceffary for enlightening and inftructing fuch of the juniors in the department, as are appointed to execute offices which require thought and reflection. From the conviction of the exiftence of fuch defect, and it is a defect of no fmall importance, the following work took its rife; it is intended as a remedy for an omiffion, how far a fuccefsful one, others will judge."

The author treats the fubject under four heads. In the first he confiders the conftitution of a Medical Staff, and attempts to show, that all the advantages propofed to be obtained by the prefent establishment, might be procured, with equal certainty, if the officers were reduced to about three-fourths of the prefent number. In the fecond, he confiders the conftruction and equip ment of hospitals, and points out fources whence confiderable favings might be made. He gives a lift of hospital stores shipped for St. Domingo, in the year 1795; and then a table of what he conceives might have been fufficient. The difference is certainly great; but then he fuppofes a degree of economy to take place in the diftribution of them, that is rather to be wifhed, than expected. His obfervations on the conftruction of hofpitals on keeping them clean, and well ventilated, are, we truft, attended to. In the third fection he treats of medical management. Under this head, he gives ufeful models of tables, for the returns of the number of patients received, the treatment, and event. He wishes to abridge confiderably the quantity of drugs." It is reported," he fays, table xiii. p. 286, by those who have made inquiry into the cafe," that the average cost of the army medicines, exceeded 70,000l. per annum, during the greater part of the laft war. Surgeons inftruments, in particular, were fupplied in great profufion. The confequence was, that the drugs became rotten, and the intruments were deftroyed by ruft, without being opened. "But by the new regulations, this waite has been fo far reftrained, that we hail find," he goes on to fay, "that as much medicine by weight was then provided for five men, as is now allowed for five hundred." It is probable that the author was mifinformed, as to the quantity of drugs formerly confumed; as we can hardly conceive that fo great a reduction can have taken place; and we do not find that the perfons who had been guilty of the profufion, have been profecuted. The fourth and laft fection treats of the economical administration of hofpitais. The purveyors and matrons might, he thinks, be difpenfed with. Some other retrenchment are propofed; and feveral useful re gulations

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BRIT. CRIT, VOL. XXIX. JUNE, 1807.

gulations fuggested, as improvements in the ordinary diet of the fick and convalefcents. On the whole, the author appears to be fo intimately acquainted with the fubject, that we cannot help regretting that a difference of opinion, or difpute with the heads of the department, should occafion his withdrawing from a poft he was able to fill with fo much credit to himself, and ad. vantage to the service.

MISCELLANIES.

ART. 25. Thornton Abbey; a Series of Letters on Religious Subjeds. I 2mo. 3 Vols. 1 25. Burditt. 1806.

The fpirit of thefe letters is unequivocally averfe to the religious establishment, of which we are members, and from principle and duty, ftrenuous advocates. They are what are termed, in a modern, affected, and perverted epithet, evangelical. Our opinions on fuch doctrines, as are here inculcated, are fufficiently notorious. We have avowed them, on various occafions, and in detail, we forbear therefore entering into a controverfy, to which an elaborate examination of thefe letters would unavoid ably lead. We fhall therefore be fatisfied with informing fuch of our readers as may have curiofity concerning them, that they are edited by Mr. Andrew Fuller, and were written by Mr.. John Satchell, of Kettering, deceased. Some very fenfible obfervations on the Church of Rome, and animadverfions on its errors, will be found to form no unimportant part of these volumes.

ART. 26. Hiftory of the Campaign of 1805, in Germany, Italy, the Tyrol, Sc. By William Burke, late Army Surgeon. 810. 6s. Ridgway. 1806.

The campaign, which is here gircumftantially defcribed, in which the French, in a moft incredibly fhort space of time, overran Germany, and poffeffed themselves of Vienna, will ever forin a memorable era in European hiftory. Whether it was cowardice, treachery, or imbecility in them who first gave way to the attacks of the French, by the furrender of Ulm, fuch extraordinary advantages were never before obtained in so abrupt an Interval. This narrative is written with vigour, and indicates extensive information on the fubject. There feems throughout a difpofition to throw the credit of every engagement and fuccessful manoeuvre into the fcale of the French, the juftice of which we are not inclined to controvert, but to the fpirit of which we are ourselves decidedly averfe. The Archduke's masterly retreat has ever been allowed to be the confequence of the moft exalted military talents, and happy fhould we be again to fee them exercifed against the common enemy of the world.

All the more important State Papers, which paffed between the parties, will be found at the end of the volume, in the form of an appendix.