avoiding of natives, and planting only with British."

Now at last the undertakers had their will of Ulster, and the King's clergy had that corner of the vineyard opened to their labours. Now all those Wingfields, and Caulfields, and Blaneys, and Chichesters had their long-expected estates. The Lord Deputy alone received for his share the entire peninsula of Inishowen-the broad erenach and termon-lands wherewith ancient piety had endowed Saint Columba's TeampolMore, formed the richest bishop's see in Ireland (perhaps too rich for a bishop who had neither flocks nor clergy); and the entire territory of Arachty was allotted, by letters patent, with much Norman law language, to certain drapers, grocers, skinners, vintners, and other guilds of tradesmen in the good city of London; and the noble old Irish race, the clansmen who had pierced the mailed ranks of Bagnal and Norreys, and had trampled Saint George's banner on many a battle-field, worn down by famine and disease, without leaders and without hope, were driven to the desolate mountains, were hunted like wolves, and from their inaccessible heights could see those rich valleys where they and their fathers dwelt, flooded by hordes of Scotch and

*Sir Thomas Philips, in Harris's Hibernia. "It is true, says Sir Thomas, that after a prescribed number of freeholders and leaseholders were settled upon every town land, and rents therein set down, they might let the remainder to natives for lives, so as they were conformable in religion, and for the favour, to double their rents." See also for full information on the details of the plantation, Captain Pynnar's "Survey of Ulster."

English adventurers. breaking sight to see; and no man can think it srange if deeds of stern and bloody vengeance were sometimes done.

Surely it was a heart

How it fared with the exiled chiefs and their associates, we have no minute or very authentic account; and if we had, it were indeed one of the saddest stories. At first they sailed directly to Normandy; then proceeded to Flanders; and finally to Rome, where the Pope (Paul the Fifth received them with hospitality and high consideration. But who can describe, or imagine, with what bitterness of soul the aged Prince of Ulster heard of the miseries of his faithful people, and the manifold oppressions and robberies of those detested English; with what earnest passion he pleaded with Popes and Princes, and besought them to think upon the wrongs of Ireland. Ha! if he had sped in that mission of vengeance-if he had persuaded Paul or Philip to give him some ten thousand Italians or Spaniards-how would it have fluttered those English in their dove-cotes, to behold his ships standing up Lough Foyle, with the Bloody Hand displayed! Assuredly he would have disturbed their "letters patent," would have made very light of their "statutes, their fines, their double vouchers, their recoveries." Spanish blades and Irish pikes would have made "the fine of their fines, the recovery of their recoveries." But not so was it written in the Book. No potentate in Europe was willing to risk such a force as was needed; and after wandering from court to court, eating his own heart, for eight years, he be

came blind, and so, with darkened eyes and soul, died at Rome some time in the year 1616.*

Borlase. Reduction of Ireland.

Borlase says that his son (probably that Henry who was recalled from Spain) was, some years after, found strangled in his bed at Brussels; "and so," he observes, "ended his race.

From the fine Elegy so beautifully translated by Mangan, it appears that Donnell also, and his brother Cathbar, and O'Neill's three young sons, all died at Rome, and lie buried there together :

Two princes of the line of Conn
Sleep in their cells of clay, beside
O'Donnell Roe:

Three royal youths, alas! are gone,
Who lived for Erin's weal, but died
For Erin's woe!

Ah! could the men of Ireland read
The names these noteless burial stones
Display to view,

Their wounded hearts afresh would bleed
Their tears gush forth again, their gruans
Resound anew!

And who can marvel o'er thy grief,
Or who can blame thy flowing tears,
That knows their source?

O'Donnell, Dunnasava's chief,

Cut off amidst his vernal years,
Lies here a corse,
Beside his brother Cathbar, whom
Tyrconnell of the Helmets mourns
In deep despair-

For valour, truth, and comely bloom :
For all that greatens and adorns

A peerless pair.

APPENDIX.

A LETTER FROM LORD DEPUTY MOUNTJOY TO THE LORDS OF THE COUNCIL IN ENGLAND.

MAY IT PLEASE YOUR LORDSHIPS-Although I am unwilling to informe you often of the present estate of this kingdom, or of any particular accidents or services, because the one is subject to so much alteration, and the other lightly delivered unto all that are not present, with such uncertaintie; and that I am loath to make any project unto your lordships, either of my requests to you, or my owne resolutions here, since so many things fall suddainly out, which may alter the grounds of either; yet since I doe write now by one that can so sufficiently supply the defects of a letter, I have presumed at this time to imparte unto your lordships that I think fit to be remembered, or doe determine on; most humbly desiring your lordships, that if I err in the one, or hereafter alter the other, you will not impute it to my want of sinceritie or constancy, but to the nature of the subject whereof I must treate, or of the matter whereon I worke: And first, to present unto your lordships the outward face of the four provinces, and after to guesse (as neere as I can) at their dispositions. Mounster, by the good government and industry of the Lord President, is cleare of any force in rebellion, except some few, not able to make any forcible head; ir Leinster there is not one declared rebell; in Connaught there is none but in O'Rorke's country; in Ulster none but Tyrone and Bryan Mac Art, who was never lord of any country, and now doth, with a body of loose men,

and some creaghts, continue in Glancomkynes, or neere the borders thereof. Cohonocht Mac Gwyre, sometimes Lord of Fermanagh, is banished out of the country, who lives with O'Rorke; and at this time Conor Roe Mac Gwyre is possessed of it by the queene, and holds it for her. I believe that generally the lords of the countries that are reclaimed desire a peace, though they will be wavering till their lands and estates are assured unto them from her Majestie; and as long as they see a party in rebellion to subsist, that is of a power to ruine them.. if they continue subjects or otherwise, shall be doubtful of our defence. All that are out doe seeke for mercy, excepting O'Rorke, and O'Sullivan, who is now with O'Rorke, and these are obstinate only out of their diffi. dence to be safe in any forgivenesse. The loose men, and such as are only captaines of Bonnoghts, as Tirrell and Brian Mac Art, will nourish the warre as long as they see any possibilitie to subsist; and, like ill hu mours, have recourse to any part that is unsound. The nobilitie, towns, and English-Irish are, for the most part, as weary of the warre as any, but unwilling to have it ended, generally for fear that upon a peace will ensue a severe reformation of religion; and, in particu lar, many bordering gentlemen that were made poore by their own faults, or by rebels' incursions, continue their spleene to them, now they are become subjects; and having used to helpe themselves by stealths, did never more use them, nor better prevailed in them than now, that these submittees have layed aside their owne defence, and betaken themselves to the protection and justice of the state; and many of them have tasted so much sweete in entertainments that they rather desire a warre to continue there than a quiet harvest that might arise out of their own honest labour; so that I doe find none more pernicious instruments of a new warre than some of these. In the meane time, Tyrone, while he shall live, will blow every sparke of discontent, or new hopes that shall lye hid in a corner of the kingdome and before he shall be utterly extinguished make many blazes, and sometimes set on fire or consume the next subjects unto him. I am persuaded that his combina tion is already broken, and it is apparent that his