CHAPTER XI.-1804-1805. Mr. Pitt in Office-Royal Speech-No Mention of Ireland-Alarm about InvasionMartello Towers-Reliance of the Irish Catholics on Mr. Pitt-Treatment of the Prisoners-Mr. James Tandy-Mr. Pitt Raises a Storm against the CatholicsCatholic Meeting in Dublin-Habeas Corpus Act again Suspended Ireland"Loyal" -Duplicity of Lord Hardwicke-Catholic Deputies go to Mr. Pitt-A "Sincere Friend"-Mr. Pitt Refuses to Present Catholic Petition-Declares he will Resist Emancipation-Lord Grenville and Mr. Fox Present it-Debate in the Lords-In the Commons-Speeches of Fox, Doctor Duigenan, Grattan-Perceval, Pitt, Sir John Newport-Emancipation Refused both by Lords and Commons-Great Majorities..... CHAPTER XII.-1804-1806. Prosecution of Judge Fox-His Offence: Enforcing Law on Orangemen-Prosecution of Judge Johnson-His Offence: Censuring the Irish Government-Decline of Pitt's Power-Castlereagh Defeated in Down County-Successes of Buonaparte-Cry for Peace-Death of Mr. Pitt-Whig Ministry-Mr. Fox-His Opinion of the Union-First Whisper of "Repeal"-Release of State Prisoners Dismissal of Lord Redesdale as Chancellor-Duke of Bedford, Viceroy-The Catholics Cheated Again - Equivocation of the Viceroy-Ponsonby-Curran's Promotion-The Armagh Orangemen-Mr. Wilson the Magistrate CHAPTER XIII.-1806-1807. Page 102 109 Revenue and Debt of Ireland-Rapid Increase of Debt-Drain of Wealth from Ireland -Character of the Imports and Exports-Rackrents, Tithes, &c.-Distress of the People-The "Threshers"-Threshers Hung-Catholic Meetings-Increase of Maynooth Grant-From Apprehension of the Irish College in France-Catholic Officers' Bill-To Promote Depopulation-Bill Abandoned-Change of Ministry— The King Demands a No-Popery Pledge-Duke of Cumberland-Perceval Administration-Camden and Castlereagh in Office-No-Popery-Recruiting in Ireland-John Keogh on Catholic Officers' Bill-O'Connell-Too Easy Gratitude of the Irish towards Whigs-Populace Draw the Duke of Bedford's Coach 117 CHAPTER XIV.-1807-1808. Duke of Richmond, Viceroy-Sir A. Wellesley, Secretary-Their System-Depression of Catholics-Insolence of Orangemen-Government Interference in ElectionsIreland Gets a New Insurrection Act-And an Arms Act-Grattan Advocates Coercion Acts-Sheridan Opposes Them-Acts Passed-The Bishop of QuimperMeans Used to Create Exasperation against Catholics-" Shanavests" and "Caravats"-"Church in Danger"-Catholic Petition-Influence of O'Connell-Lord Fingal-Growing Liberality amongst Protestants-Maynooth Grant CurtailedDoctor Duigenan Privy Councillor-Catholic Petition Presented-The "Veto" Offered Mr. Ponsonby and Mr. Grattan-They Urge the Veto as a SecurityPetition Rejected-Controversies on the Veto-Bishops' Resolutions-No Catholics in Bank of Ireland-Dublin Police CHAPTER XV.-1808-1809. 123 The Duke of Richmond's Anti-Catholic Policy-The Orangemen Flourish-Their CHAPTER XVI.-1810-1812. Duke of Richmond's "Conciliation"-Orange Oppression-Treatment of Catholic Soldiers-The Veto again-Debate on Veto in Parliament-Catholic Petition Presented by Grattan-Rejected-O'Connell's Leadership-New Organization of Catholics-Repeal of the Union First Agitated—Insanity of the King-Treachery of the Regent Prosecution of the Catholic Committee-Convention Act-Suppression of the Committee-New Measures of O'Connell-Mr. Curran at Newry Election-Effects of the Union............ 137 Grattan's Emancipation Bill-More Veto-Quarantotti-Unanimity in Ireland against Veto-Mr. Peel and his New Police-Stipendiary Magistrates-Close of the War- Restoration of the Bourbons-Waterloo-Evil Effects on Ireland-The Irish Legion in France-Its Fate-Miles Byrne and his Friends-Effects of the Peace in Im- poverishing the Irish-Cheap Ejectment Law Passed-Beginning of Extermination -"Surplus Population"-Catholic Claims Ruined by the Peace-O'Connell and Catholic Board-Board Suppressed-O'Connell in Court-His Audacity-His Scorn of the Dublin Corporation-Duel with D'Esterre-Distress in Ireland- Famine of 1817-Coercion in Ireland-"Six Acts" in England-Mr. Plunket's Emancipation Bill-Peel and the Duke of York-Royal Visit to Ireland-Catholics Famine of 1822-Its Causes-Financial Frauds upon Ireland-Horrors of the Famine -Extermination-Suspension of Habeas Corpus Act-Castlereagh Cuts his Throat -Marquis Wellesley, Viceroy-Sir Harcourt Lees-The Bottle Riot-Catholic Association Formed-Dr. Doyle; "J. K. L."-Progress of Catholic Association— "Catholic Rent"-Maynooth Professors "Loyal"-Rage of the Orangemen- "O'Connell, the Pope, and the Devil"-Passiveness of the Dissenters-O'Connell's Appeals to Them-Intellectual and Literary Power of the Movement-Act to Suppress "Unlawful Associations "-First Attempt to Cheat the Catholics-A Relief Bill with "Wings"-Defeated-Catholic Deputation in London-O'Connell Action of the Catholic Association-Waterford Election-Louth Election-Change of Ministry-Canning, Premier-Lord Anglesea, Viceroy-The "New Reformation" -Pope and Maguire-Death of Canning-Goderich Cabinet-Catholic Petition for Repeal of Test and Corporation Acts-Acts Repealed-Clare Election-O'Connell Returned-Its Results-Suppression of Catholic Association-Peel and Wellington Prepare Catholic Relief Bill-Rage of the Bigots-Reluctance of the King-O'Con- nell at the Bar of the House-Passage of the Emancipation Act-Disfranchisement of the Forty-Shilling Freeholders-Abstract of the Relief Act-The New Oath- Results of the Relief Act-O'Connell Re-elected for Clare-Drain of Agricultural Pro- duce-Educated Class of Catholics Bought-The Tithe War-Lord Anglesea, Vice- roy-O'Connell's Associations-Anglesea's Proclamations-Prosecution of O'Con- nell-National Education-Tithe Tragedies - Newtownbarry Change of Dynasty in France-Reform Agitation in England-What Reform meant in Ireland-Cholera-Resistance to Tithe-Lord Grey's Coercion Act-Abolition of Negro Slavery-Church Temporalities Act-Repeal Debate-Surplus Popula tion-Surplus Produce-Tithe Carnage at Rathcormack-Queen Victoria's Acces- sion-Three Measures against Ireland-Poor Law-Tithe Law-Municipal Reform Spirit of Legislation for Ireland-More Spying in the Post-Office-Savings Banks- "Precursor Society "-Support to the Whigs-Whigs go Out-Peel comes In-Re- peal Association-Export of Food-Extermination-The Repeal Year-Corporation Debate-The Younger Nationalists-New "Arms Bill"-O'Brien Moves for In- quiry-Preparations for Coercion-All England against Repeal-Monster Meet- Why England could not Yield-Cost to her of Repeal-Intention of Government at Clontarf-The "Projected Massacre "-Meeting Prevented-State Prosecution- O'Brien declares for Repeal-Packing of the Jury-Verdict of Guilty-Debate in Parliament-Russell and Macaulay on Packing of Juries-O'Connell in Parliament -Speculation of the Whigs-Sentence and Imprisonment of Effects on Repeal Association-Appeal to the House of Lords-Whig Law Lords -Reversal of the Sentence-Enthusiasm of the People-Their Patience and Self- CHAPTER XXIII.-1844. Decadence of Repeal Association-Land Tenure Commission-Necessity of Exterminating "Surplus Population "-Report of the "Landlord and Tenant Commission" -Tenant-Right to be Disallowed-Farms to be Consolidated-People to be Extirpated-Methods of the Minister to Divide Repealers-Grant to Maynooth-Queen's Colleges-Secret Agents at Rome-American Slavery-Distraction in Repeal Ranks-Bill for "Compensation to Tenants "--Defeated-Death of Thomas Davis -The Famine-Commission of Chemists to gain Time-Demands of Ireland-Of the Corporations-Of O'Connell and O'Brien-Repudiation of Alms-Coercion Bill-Repeal of Corn Laws-Irish Harvests go to England-"Relief Measures "Delays Fraud-Havoc of the People-Peel's System of Famine Slaughter fully Established-Peel Resigns Office..... CHAPTER XXIV.-1846-1847. Progress of the Famine Carnage-Pretended Relief Measures-Imprisonment of O'Brien -Dissensions in Repeal Association-Break up of that Body-Ravages of Famine"Labour Rate Act"-Useless Public Works-Extermination-Famine of 1847How they lived in England-Advances from the Treasury-Attempts of Foreign Countries to relieve the Famine-Defeated by British Government-Vagrancy Act - Parish Coffins-Constant Repudiation of Alms-An Englishman's Petition for Alms to Ireland-"Ingratitude" of the Irish-Death of O'Connell-Preparations to Insure the Next Year's Famine-Emigration-British Famine Policy-New Coercion Act called for-Famine in Ireland...... CHAPTER XXV.-1847-1848. Lord Clarendon, Viceroy-His Means of Insuring the Shipment to England of the Usual Tribute-Bribes the Baser Sort of Editors Patronage for Catholic Lawyers-Another Coercion Act-Projects for Stopping Exports of Grain-Arming-Alarm of Government-Whigs active in Coercion-French Revolution of February-Confederate Clubs Deputation from Dublin to Paris-O'Brien's Last Appearance in Parliament Trials of O'Brien and Meagher-Trial of Mitchel-Packing of the Jury -Reign of Terror in Dublin....... CHAPTER XXVI.-1848-1849. Reconstitution of the Irish Confederation-New National Journals Established-The Tribune-The Felon-New Suspension of Habeas Corpus-Numerous Arrests— O'Brien attempts Insurrection-Ballingarry-Arrest and Trial of O'Brien and others-Conquest of the Island-Destruction of the People-Encumbered Estates Act-Its Effects-No Tenant-Right-"Rate-in-Aid"-Queen's Visit to IrelandPlaces given to Catholics-Catholic Judges--Their Office and Duty-Ireland "Prosperous"-Statistics of the Famine Slaughter-Destruction of Three Millions of Souls-Flying from "Prosperity ". CHAPTER XXVII.-1850-1851. Page Depopulation-Emigration-" Plea for the Celtic Race"-Decay of the Irish Electoral Body-Act to Amend Representation-"Papal Aggression "-Rage in EnglandEcclesiastical Titles Bill-Never Enforced-And Why?-Orange Outrage in Down County "Dolly's Brae "-Style of Orange Processions-Condition of the Country -Further Emigration-Still more Extermination-Crime and Outrage-Plenty and Prosperity in England-Conclusion...... 198 212 224 233 244 257 HISTORY OF IRELAND. CHAPTER I. 1798. ed.* A small body made an unsuccessful assault on the town of Larne, and some feeble attempts were also made at Ballymena and Ballycastle. The main body Rising in Ulster-Antrim-Saintfield-Ballina- of these northern insurgents retired to hinch-Insurgents Defeated-McCracken and Monro Hanged-Skirmish in Cork County Courts-Martial-Many Executions-Hanging of Father Redmond Surrender of Fitzgerald and Aylmer-Compact between Prisoners and Government in order to Save the Lives of Byrne and Bond-Compact Violated by GovernmentByrne Hanged-Bond Dies suddenly in Prison Reign of Terror in Dublin-Brothers Sheares Tried-Hanged-Other State Trials-Curran in Court-"The Three Majors"-Sirr, Swan, and Sandys-The "Major's People"-John Claudius Beresford-Tortures in Dublin-Country in Wild Alarm-Spiked Heads-Fit Time to Propose Legislative Union-Marquis Cornwallis comes as Viceroy to bring about the Union-"Impression of Horror"-Apparent Measures to End the Devastations-Offers of "Protection"-Not Efficacious-Testimony of Lord Camden himself -True Account of the "Compact"-United Irishmen sent to Fort George. Donegar Hill, where, disgusted with their want of success and other circumstances, they agreed to surrender their arms, and almost all of them dispersed. On the 8th of June another body of insurgents in the County Down, near Saintfield, under the command of a Dr. Jackson, set fire to the house of a man named Mackee, an informer against the United Irishmen. They placed themselves the next day in ambuscade, and nearly surrounded a body of troops under Colonel Stapleton, consisting of York Fencibles and yeomen cavalry, of whom they killed about sixty. The infantry, however, on whom the cavalry had been THE rising of the United Irishmen of driven back in confusion, rallying with a Ulster was delayed for two weeks after coolness not very common in this war, the day agreed upon (May 23d), by the succeeded in repulsing their assailants, arrest of some of their leaders. On the but could not pursue, and eventually 7th of June, however, a meeting of magis- themselves retreated to Belfast. The loss trates having been appointed in the town of the insurgents was very small. The of Antrim, for the prevention of rebellion, next day, under command of Henry some insurgents, with design of seizing Monro, a shopkeeper in Lisburn, they their persons, attacked the town at two took possession of a strong post on Windo'clock in the afternoon, and soon over-mill Hill, above the little town of Ballinapowering the troops within it, very hinch, near the centre of the County nearly gained possession. Major-General Nugent, who commanded in that district, having received intelligence of the intended rising, had ordered a body of troops to march to Antrim, who arrived after the rebels had taken possession of the town. They then attacked the insurgents in the town, but their vanguard, consisting of cavalry, being repulsed with the loss of twenty-three men killed and wounded, of which three were officers, Colonel Durham, who commanded the troops, brought the artillery to batter the town, which obliged the insurgents to abandon it, together with a six-pounder which they had brought with them, and two curricle guns which they had taken from the King's army. They were pursued towards Shane's Castle and Randal's Town, with considerable slaughter; on this day Lord O'Neil was mortally wound Down, and at the house and in the demesne of Lord Moira. On the 12th, General Nugent, marching from Belfast, and Colonel Stewart from Downpatrick, formed with fifteen hundred men a junction near the Windmill Hill, of which they gained possession, together with the town, which before the action they wantonly set on fire. The action was maintained about three hours with artillery, with little or no execution. At length the Monaghan regiment of militia, posted with two field-pieces at Lord Moira's great gate, was attacked with such determined fury by the pikemen of the insurgents that it fell back in disorder. The He had ridden into the town to attend the meeting of the magistrates, not knowing that the insurgents were in possession of it. He shot one he was dragged from his saddle, and so wounded who had seized the bridle of his horse, after which with pikes that he died in a few days. |