Correspondence respecting Sir Bartle Frere's mission to 1873 1591 1549 the East Coast of Africa, 1872-73 Reports on the present state of the East African Slave Trade, Slave Trade No. 5 (1874) Further Reports on the present state of the East African Slave Trade, Slave Trade No. 7 (1874) Correspondence with British Representatives and Agents, and Reports from Naval Officers relative to the East African Slave Trade. January to December 1873. Slave Trade No. 8 (1874) Papers relating to the emancipation of the Negroes of Puerto Rico, 1873-74. Slave Trade No. 9 (1874) Corresdondence with British Representatives and Agents abroad, and Reports from Naval Officers relative to the East African Slave Trade. Slave Trade, No. 1 (1875) Correspondence: Slavery in Cuba and Puerto Rico, and the State of Slave Population and Chinese Coolies in those Islands, 1873-74. Slave Trade No. 2 (1875) Paper relating to the abolition of Slavery, and the condition of Libertos in Porto Rico. Slave Trade No. 3 (1875) Fugitive Slave Return Fugitive Slaves Correspondence. (1876) (see p. 163 of this Appendix) Slaves in Foreign Countries, Circulars respecting. Trade No. 2 (1876) Case of 10 African dhows destroyed by Her Majesty's ship "Thetis" on suspicion of being Slavers. 1873-5. Turkey. No. 30. FUGITIVE SLAVES protected at PRIVATE HOUSES of BRITISH SUBJECTS ABROAD. Case of a Slave being left at the house of a British Subject in Egypt in 1848, and of payment being made by the British Government for her freedom. Case of a Slave who took refuge at the house of a British Subject at Beyrout in 1871. No. 31. REPORTS OF SELECT COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS AND HOUSE OF COMMONS ON THE SLAVE TRADE. Papers. Vol. Page. Slavery, British Dominions 1831-2 SI., II., III., IV., Reports, 1848 Slave Trade Slave Trade No. 1 536, 623 I., II., Reports, Slave Trade 1849 African Slave Trade Slave 1876 1804 (See also List No. 31.) I. The ROYAL COMMISSION to the UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE, FOREIGN OFFICE. Royal Commission on Fugitive Slaves, 8, Richmond Terrace, February 28, 1876. SIR, I AM directed by His Grace the Duke of Somerset, Chairman of this Commission, to request you to move the Earl of Derby to furnish him with any papers which may be deemed useful to the Commissioners in their present inquiry on the question of Fugitive Slaves, and I have the honour to inclose herewith a copy of the warrant for guidance as to the subjects on which this information is required. I have, &c. II. The UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE, FOREIGN SIR, III. The UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE, FOREIGN OFFICE, to the ROYAL COMMISSION. SIR, Foreign Office, March 1, 1876. WITH reference to my letter of yesterday, I am directed by the Earl of Derby to transmit to you the papers and volumes which have been collected at this Office for the information of the Royal Commission, together with an explanatory list.* I am to request that those papers and volumes which may not be required may be returned without delay, and that the whole set may eventually be returned when done with. I am also to transmit the catalogues of the Foreign Office Printed Library, and to state that Lord Derby trusts that the Commissioners will make any use of it that may be convenient to them. PAPERS selected by the COMMISSIONERS for insertion in the APPENDIX to this REPORT. MY LORD, Rio de Janeiro, October 19, 1843. I HAVE the honour to inclose a copy of a communication made to me by the Brazilian Government, renewing a demand made to Mr. Ouseley in the month of July 1840,-a demand respecting which Mr. Ouseley does not appear to have acted, at least there are no indications to that effect in the archives of this Legation,-for the liberation of a slave, by name André, claimed as the property of a Brazilian subject, Senhor Antonio José Gomes Moreira, the said slave having belonged to the crew of the "Maria Carlota," Portuguese slave ship, when captured by the "Grecian " in 1839. I likewise send a copy of my answer, and of a communication from the officer commanding the "Crescent " receiving ship, respecting the individual in question, showing him to be still on board the "Crescent.' But Lieutenant Donellan has also stated to me that this negro is his right-hand man; and that his removal from the "Crescent" would prove an irreparable loss, from the great assistance he affords as an interpreter, and through his general usefulness and good conduct; and that he has not gone on shore once since his removal to the" Crescent," from the apprehension of falling into the hands of his late (Inclosure.)-SENHOR LOPES GAMA to MR. OUSELEY. (Translation.) Palace of Rio de Janeiro, July 7, 1840. THE undersigned, of the Council of His Majesty the Emperor, Senator of the Empire, Minister and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, has to address himself to Mr. W. G. Ouseley, Her Britannic Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, for the purpose of forwarding to him the annexed petition of Antonio José Gomes Moreira, a merchant of this place, in which he claims his slave, by name André Angola, who having run away from his service, went and entered on board of the barque " Maria Carlota," which was captured by the English squadron, and condemned by the Mixed Brazilian and British Commission; the said slave having been transhipped to the British prison-ship 'Presiganga," where he is at present. 66 The undersigned, therefore, begs that Mr. Ouseley will intercede with the Commander of the British Forces in this port, to the end that he, in reference to the documents annexed to the above-mentioned petition, may order the restitution of the slave now claimed, as appears to be just. The undersigned, &c. W. G. Ouseley, Esq. CAETANO MARIA LOPES GAMA. The EARL OF ABERDEEN to MR. HAMILTON. SIR, Foreign Office, February 27, 1844. I REFERRED to Her Majesty's Advocate-General your despatch of the 19th October last, on the subject of the demand made by Senhor Antonio J. Gomes Moreira, for the restitution of a negro named André, now on board Her Majesty's ship "Crescent," at Rio Janeiro. It appears from the report of the Queen's Advocate, that if the negro André proved to be, according to the law of Brazil, the property of Senhor Moreira, the latter has a right to demand possession of him wherever he can find him, within the jurisdiction of Brazilian courts of law; and, consequently, that if André were to land at Rio de Janeiro, or elsewhere within the Empire of Brazil, the claim of Senhor Moreira could not properly be resisted; but that, inasmuch as the right of the owner to the slave revives only upon the return of the latter to the country of his former servitude, and Senhor Moreira himself states, that the jurisdiction of the Empire does not reach so far," as is requisite for effecting the object of Senhor Moreira, Her Majesty's Government cannot properly comply with his demand. 66 MY LORD, (Rec. May 5.) Rio de Janeiro, March 12, 1844. Of the three papers laid before you in the present despatch, the two first consist of a note from the Minister of Foreign Affairs and my answer, respecting the slave André, now on board Her Majesty's ship "Crescent," whose liberation is demanded by his owner Senhor Antonio Jose Gomes Moreira; the third, relating not only to the same André, but also to another negro, by name Jacob, claimed by the Brazilian subject Vicente Thomas dos Santos as his property, the said negro Jacob having been one of the crew of the Portuguese slave bark “Maria Carlota" at her capture in May 1839, and being at present on board the "Crescent." The demand for the delivery of André was the subjectmatter of my despatch of the 19th of October last; and I look anxiously for your Lordship's decision, whether Her Majesty's gracious protection is to be extended to him, as in similar cases of the negroes Jose and Francisco, the property of Senhor Antonio Gonzalez da Luz. As concerns the slave Jacob, this, I believe, is the first time any claim on his account has been reported to your Lordship, although a requisition for his liberation was addressed to Mr. Ouseley, then in charge of this Mission, shortly after the capture of the "Maria Carlota.” The documents which attest the property of Senhor Vicente Thomas dos Santos in the negro Jacob, appear perfectly satisfactory on that point; and I request to be honoured with your Lordship's instructions as to the disposal of him." All the circumstances of his case are parallel to those of André. I have, &c. The Earl of Aberdeen, K.T. HAMILTON HAMILTON. The EARL OF ABERDEEN to MR. HAMILTON. SIR, I have now to acquaint you that Her Majesty's Government consider it to be proper, under the circumstances of the case, to accede to the request for payment of the value of the above-mentioned negroes as slaves. You will communicate to the Brazilian Government the decision of Her Majesty's Government in respect to those MY LORD, British Legation, Rio Janeiro, I HAVE the honour to forward receipts by the late owners of the two African blacks, André and Jacob, for the money-say one conto of reis each-which they had respectively consented to receive from Her Majesty's Government as the value of these negroes as slaves, and as compensation for a certain period of service by these negroes which had been lost to their said owners by the detention of the negroes on board Her Majesty's ship "Crescent" since their capture in the Portuguese slaver "Maria Carlota." I have recommended these two liberated Africans to remain in the "Crescent " till a convenient opportunity may offer for removing them to some one of Her Majesty's colonies in the West Indies. I have, &c. HAMILTON HAMILTON. 2. CASE of SLAVES taken from a slave ship when captured by Her Majesty's ship "FAWN," and transferred to Her Majesty's ship "CRESCENT," at Rio, 1842-3. The EARL OF ABERDEEN to MR. HAMILTON. Foreign Office, June 3, 1842. SIR, I HAVE received your despatches, marked Slave Trade, No. 19, of the 24th December 1841, and No. 8, of the 22nd February 1842, respecting demands made to you by the Government of Brazil that you would interfere with Her Majesty's naval authorities, in order that the slaves captured on board a slave vessel by Her Majesty's barque "Fawn" might be delivered up to their owner, who is said to be a Brazilian subject, named A. Gonzalvez de Luz. In the note from M. Aureliano, covering the petition from the alleged owner of these slaves, they are represented to have been sailors on board the Portuguese ship "Dois de Marco." In your despatch, No. 19, enclosing a copy and translation of that note, you observe that the name "Dois de Marco" was, as you presume, given erroneously for that of the " Dois de Feveriero." You have omitted, however, to transmit to this office a copy or translation of the petition from the owner of those slaves, which had formed an enclosure in the note of the 5th November 1841 from M. Aureliano to yourself, and which was an essential document in this case. It is true that M. Aureliano requested that you would return the petition to him, but in the note in which that request is made he did not object to your retaining a copy of it. Indeed, the perusal of it is necessary, in order to attain information of some material facts of the case. At present Her Majesty's Government are not aware by whose authority the slaves in question were taken from the vessel in which they are alleged to have served as sailors, and whether they remained at Rio or were taken to Demerara, to which latter place it appears that the "Dois de Fevereiro was carried for judgment, and in whose care they now are. In the absence of further information, the papers which you have transmitted have been laid before Her Majesty's Advocate-General for his opinion, whether, according to the circumstances therein set forth, the answer which you returned to the demand made by the Brazilian Minister appears to be proper; and, furthermore, what is the course which ought to be pursued by Her Majesty's authorities in dealing with negro slaves, crews of slave vessels, in cases where the vessels are tried by the Mixed Commissions in foreign countries, and in cases where the vessels are tried in a British colony. The Queen's Advocate has reported that he cannot undertake to say that the answer given by you in this case is warranted by the terms of the Convention between this country and Brazil. For the first article of the instructions annexed to the additional Convention of the 28th July 1817 provides "that negro servants or sailors "that may be found on board the said vessels cannot in any case be deemed a sufficient cause for detention;" and the seventh article, which provides for the condemnation of the vessel and cargo, is confined to the slaves who may be on board as objects of commerce; and it does not appear that any part of the Conventions provides for the liberation of the slaves forming part of the crew, or for the mode in which they are to be dealt with either by Mixed Commissions in foreign countries or in a British colony. Therefore, in any further discussion which may arise upon this case, and in any question which may hereafter occur concerning the points adverted to in the Queen's Advocate's report, you will take care to keep in view the stipulations of the treaty as referred to by that officer; and in any case submitted by you to the consideration of Her Majesty's Government you will be careful to transmit to Her Majesty's Secretary of State copies and translations of every document which may have been communicated to you containing information upon the case. I am, &c. ABERDEEN. It appears that one of the negroes in question, named Francisco, is now a free man at the Cape of Good Hope, and that the other is still on board the 66 Crescent," together with 11 other negroes who from time to time bave, under similar circumstances, been placed in that vessel from on board captured slavers, have been treated as free men, and been led confidently to trust to the British Government that they shall not again be reduced to slavery. It is impossible that Her Majesty's Government can be instrumental in reducing these men again to a slavery from which they have thus been relieved; but if M. de Luz can show that he became lawfully possessed of the services of these two persons, Her Majesty's Government, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, may be disposed to grant to him a sum of money as compensation for the loss of those services. I HAVE received your despatch, No. 17, of the 22nd June last, upon the subject of Joze and Francisco, negro slaves seized on board the "Dois de Fevereiro slave vessel, and forming part of the crew of that vessel, and I have to authorize you to draw upon the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury a bill, at 30 days' sight, for a sum in sterling money equal in value to 1,600 milreis, as the amount of compensation to be allowed to M. de Luz for the negro slaves in question, such bill to be accompanied by a letter of advice, addressed to me, with vouchers as to the rate of exchange at Rio de Janeiro at the time it was drawn, and with a receipt from M. de Luz in full compensation of his claims upon the two negroes referred to. "With regard to the demand made by the Brazilian Government for the surrender of the negroes taken in the "Piratinim in order that they may be delivered over to their alleged owners, I have to observe that as it is perfectly clear and certain that a portion of the negroes who were found on board the "Piratinim " were newly imported negroes, and it is to be presumed that the presence of such newly imported negroes on board will have rendered the vessel liable to condemnation as a vessel engaged in the slave trade, and that the Creole slaves who formed part of the cargo of this vessel will in such case have become forfeit to the British Crown, and in consequence thereof will be entitled to freedom, and therefore must be sent to a British colony where they may be able to enjoy that freedom in security. "It is also to be observed that all the slaves found on board this vessel, excepting the 27 Creole slaves born in Brazil, and one slave said to have been imported 30 years ago, and who may therefore be held to have been legally imported, were introduced into Brazil since the passing of the law of the 7th November 1831, by the provisions of which all negroes brought into Brazil after that date were declared to be ipso facto free, and it would be impossible for Her Majesty's Government to order that persons who are legally entitled to freedom, and who have by any means whatever come within the power of officers of the British Crown, shall be delivered up in order to be consigned to slavery. * * * * * VIEWS of HER MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT on the GENERAL QUESTION. MR. EGERTON to CONSUL READE. SIR, I AM directed by Lord Stanley to acknowledge the receipt of a memorandum prepared by you and dated the 13th instant, calling the attention of Her Majesty's Government to the difficulties with which Consuls in Egypt have to contend when they are called upon to assist refugee slaves in obtaining their liberty, and inclosing copies of a correspondence which passed between you and the Prefect of Police at Cairo, regarding the illegal imprisonment of a slave whose liberty you had demanded. Foreign Office, August 28, 1868. I am, in reply, to state to you that Lord Stanley is not aware of the existence of any treaty or other engagements which would give Her Majesty's Government the right to interfere with the status of domestic slavery in the Turkish dominions. or to demand the manumission of any slave who may take refuge at a British Consulate. It is no doubt true that on the demand of Her Majesty's consular officers in Turkey and Egypt numerous slaves who have sought their protection have, from time to time, been liberated, and the list which accompanies your memorandum of slaves who have been liberated by the Egyptian authorities on your application within the last two years, numbering nearly 100, would seem to prove that there is no disinclination on the part of those authorities to attend to any well-founded applications that may be made to them on behalf of refugee slaves. Under these circumstances Lord Stanley is not prepared to authorise any official representation to the Egyptian Government in the sense suggested in your memorandum; and his Lordship would, on the contrary, recommend that, except in well-authenticated cases of cruelty on the part of masters towards their slaves, when considerations of humanity might justify their interference, the official action of British consular officers should be limited to preventing, VISCOUNT PALMERSTON to MR. HUDSON. SIR, Foreign Office, July 5, 1851. I HAVE received and laid before the Queen your despatch of the 12th of May last, inclosing a copy and translation of a note dated the 26th of April last, which you received from M. Paulino de Souza, in reply to the note which, in compliance with the instructions contained in my despatch of the 8th of November 1850, you addressed to him on the 18th of February last, proposing to the Brazilian Government the establishment of a Mixed Commission at Rio de Janeiro, which should be empowered to investigate the cases of negroes suspected of being illegally held in slavery in Brazil, and to declare whether such negroes are or are not free. I observe that Senhor Paulino, in his reply to your note, merely states that the Brazilian Government, in common with those of all other independent nations, execute their own laws in their own country, and will cause them to be executed by means of their own tribunals and authorities; that they cannot, therefore, allow the creation of a Commission wherein foreign judges shall have votes and exercise jurisdiction within the empire; and that the creation of such a Commission being the principal object of the proposed Convention, it cannot be admitted; and I perceive that Senhor Paulino has accordingly declined to enter into any examination or discussion of the Convention which you submitted to him upon this matter, and that he has sent back to you the draft which you proposed to him. I have now to instruct you to say to Senhor Paulino, in reply, that the functions which Her Majesty's Government wish to see performed by the Mixed Commission which they have proposed to the Brazilian Government would consist, not in trying and sentencing Brazilian subjects for a breach of the Brazilian laws against slave trade, but simply in determining whether negroes who might be brought before such a Commission were entitled to be free, as having been introduced into Brazil in violation of a Convention by which Brazil bound herself and remains bound to Great Britain to prevent the introduction of slaves into the Brazilian empire. The fact of an immense number of slaves having been introduced into Brazil after the conclusion of, and in violation of, the stipulations of that Convention, is not disputed by the Government of Brazil; and the right of Her Majesty's Government to claim that such slaves shall be restored to freedom is equally undeniable. It is moreover to be observed, that the Convention which Her Majesty's Government have proposed to Brazil for establishing a tribunal competent to investigate the cases of such persons would not establish any new principle. On the contrary, it would merely give a new operation to a principle which was admitted by Brazil in the Convention of 1826, and was acted upon and in force in Brazil from 1831 to 1845. It is evident that the functions of such a Mixed Commission as Her Majesty's Government now propose, in affirming and decreeing the inherent freedom of a negro on Brazilian territory, would be perfectly analogous with the functions of the Commission which, from 1831 to 1845, possessed and exercised the right of affirming and decreeing the inherent freedom of a negro found on board a Brazilian ship, which by international law is considered Brazilian territory. The negroes whose freedom was decreed by that Mixed Commission between 1831 and 1845 were actually in Brazilian territory when their cases were adjudged by that Commission; and if a Mixed British and Brazilian Commission sitting at Rio de Janeiro has been acknowledged to be competent, without violating any international principle, to sit in judgment upon a negro who was at the time in Brazil, and to declare such a negro to be a free man, and by such declaration to deprive his pretended owner of all right or title to him, what essential difference could it make in point of principle, whether such negro was brought illegally into Brazil a month before, or had been brought thither several years before; or whether he was landed in Brazil by the boats of a cruizer employed in suppressing the slave trade, or by the boats of a vessel engaged in carrying on that traffic? If, indeed, there is any essential difference in point of principle between these cases, that difference consists in this, that the negro who has been landed many months or several years before, by the boats of a slave ship, and who has since his landing been subject to the miseries of illegal slavery, has endured a heavier wrong than the negro who has been recently landed by the boats of a cruizer from a captured slave ship; and such a man is therefore more urgently entitled to that remedy and protection which the sentence of the Mixed Court would afford him. J. Hudson, Esq. I am, &c. PALMERSTON. WITH reference to the several despatches which I have addressed to your Excellency upon the subject of slavery and the slave trade in the Ottoman Dominions, I have to acquaint you that it has been suggested to Her Majesty's Government, that the present moment would be a favourable opportunity for an endeavour to obtain from the Sultan some engagement for the suppression of the slave trade. Her Majesty's Government are well aware of the deep root which the system of slavery has taken in the social organization of all Mahomedan countries, and that the object in view must therefore be most difficult of attainment, but Her Majesty's Government feel such intense anxiety to see the slave trade extinguished in every part of the world, that they are unwilling to let pass any occasion which might afford them the slightest hope of being able even to mitigate this evil in any country in which it prevails. I have therefore to desire that you will take an opportunity of sounding the Turkish Government upon this subject, and of endeavouring to ascertain whether some arrangement might not be made between Great Britain and Turkey for restricting, if not for entirely abolishing, the Turkish slave trade. You might represent to the Turkish Government that the continued support of Great Britain will for some years to come be an object of great importance to the Porte; that this support cannot be given effectually unless the sentiments and opinions of the majority of the British nation shall be favourable to the Turkish Government; and that, as the whole of the British nation unanimously desire, beyond almost anything else, to put an end to the cruel practice of making slaves, nothing could tend more certainly to inspire the British nation with favourable sentiments towards Turkey than the concurrence of the Porte in some measure calculated to put an end to the slave trade as far as the Ottoman Dominions are concerned; while, on the other hand, the continuance of that trade will be calculated to weaken the interest which upon other grounds the British nation feels in the welfare and prosperity of Turkey. PALMERSTON. VISCOUNT PONSONBY to VISCOUNT PALMERSTON. Therapia, December 27, 1840. "MY LORD, (Received February 8, 1841.) "I HAVE paid the greatest attention to your Lordship's general instructions on the subject of slavery in Turkey, with the hopes of arriving at some result that would afford a chance of attaining in any degree the object your Lordship so earnestly desires to accomplish. I have mentioned the subject, and I have been heard with great astonishment, accompanied with a smile, at a proposition for destroying an institution closely interwoven with the frame of society in this country, and intimately connected with the law, and with the habits, and even the religion, of all classes of the people, from the Sultan himself down to the lowest peasant. "The Sultans, for some centuries past, have never married, and the Imperial race is perpetuated by mothers who are slaves. "In all other families, slaves may be, and often are, the mothers of legitimatised children, who are in all respects as much esteemed as those of legal wives. "The admirals and generals and ministers of state in great part have been originally slaves. In most families a slave enjoys the highest degree of confidence and influence with the head of the house. "To carry what your Lordship desires into execution, it will be necessary to limit the law of succession to the Crown, and alter the policy that has so long guided the Sultans in that respect, and also to change fundamentally the political and civil institutions, and laws, and the domestic arrangements of the people. Universal confusion would, perhaps, be the consequence of such violent changes, and, probably, those persons intended to be most benefited by them would be the greatest sufferers. "The slaves are generally protected against ill-treatment by custom and the habit of the Turks, and by the interests of masters and their religious duty, and perhaps slaves in Turkey are not to be considered worse off than men anywhere else who are placed by circumstances in a dependent situation; whilst, on the other hand, they may attain, and constantly do enjoy, the highest dignities, the greatest power, and largest share of wealth of any persons in the empire. I think that all attempts to effect your Lordship's purpose will fail, and I fear they might give offence if urged forward with importunity. I was asked 'What 'would the English Government think of the Sublime 'Porte if it was to call upon the Sovereign of England and the people of England to alter the fundamental law of 'their country, and change its domestic habits and customs ' in order to please the taste of the Turks?' "I could perceive, in spite of the good-humoured politeness with which this question was asked, that there was something like wounded feeling in the speaker. "The Turks may believe us to be their superiors in the sciences, in arts, and in arms, but they are very far from thinking our wisdom or our morality greater than their own. "PONSONBY. "The Right Hon. Viscount Palmerston, G.C.B." 2. SIR P. FRANCIS to SIR H. ELLIOT. SIR, Constantinople, August 12, 1870. I HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 8th instant. Your Excellency desires my opinion as to the present state of the law in the Ottoman dominions in respect of the slave trade in this country and of slavery. In the first place, however, I will refer to the statement made by Mr. Consul Cumberbatch to the effect that the law strictly prohibits slavery except in the case of prisoners of war. This statement is, in my opinion, not correct. Slavery is an admitted institution in the Ottoman dominions, sanctioned by the Moslem religion and laws. Slaves may be acquired not only in war, but the children of slaves are slaves. Slaves may also be acquired by purchase. Inasmuch as the law allows a master to sell slaves, it follows that their purchase is legal. The erroneous idea that slavery is illegal here has arisen, partly, I think, from the language held on various occasions by high Ottoman functionaries. Thus, on 5th February 1868, Fuad Pasha, in replying to an address of the Anti-Slavery Society, is reported to have said that the Government of the Sultan adhered, "with its whole heart," to the anti-slavery principle announced by the Society, and added, "Slavery is an institution which has disappeared little by little "from the great portion of the civilized world." "also abolished in Turkey from the day that the first "beams of civilization penetrated into that country, and "it tends more and more to disappear from our customs. It was "The principle of the Mahometan religion constitutes "their liberation an act of justice, and cannot but facilitate "the effects of the idea of civilization." If Fuad Pasha is here correctly reported, he evidently made a statement calculated alike to please and mislead the philanthropic public. But it is nevertheless obvious, if the whole of his address is considered, that, notwithstanding the plausible language he used, slavery is not, according to his showing, abolished in Turkey, nor has it been abolished since. Again, on the 20th June 1867, the Viceroy of Egypt said, in answer to an address through Nubar Pasha, "Slavery is a horrible institution," and he desired to see it extinguished, but it could not he done in a day "The civilization and progress in Egypt depend upon abolition," &c. Such language is calculated to affect the popular mind so as to induce the belief that slavery is obnoxious to the Government in this country, or, at least, barely tolerated, whereas it seems to me that the antislavery views existing in this country are only simulated its |