248. A libel is a malicious defamation, expressed either by writing, printing, or by signs or pictures, or the like, tending to blacken the memory of one who is dead, or to impeach the honesty, integrity, virtue, or reputation, or publish the natural or alleged defects of one who is alive, and thereby to expose him to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule. 1874-428. 249. Every person who wilfully, and with a malicious intent to injure another, publishes or procures to be published any libel, is punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year. 250. An injurious publication is presumed to have been malicious if no justifible motive for making it is shown. 251. In all criminal prosecutions for libel, the truth maybe given in evidence to the jury, and if it appears to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true, and was published with good motives and, for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted. The jury have the right to determine the law and the fact. 252. To sustain a charge of publishing a libel, it is not needful that the words or things complained of should have been read or seen by another. It is enough that the accused knowingly parted with the immediate custody of the libel under circumstances which exposed it to be read or seen by any other person than himself. 253. Each author, editor, and propriertor of any book, newspaper, or serial publication, is chargeable with the publication of any words contained in any part of such book, or number of such newspaper or serial. 254. No reporter, editor, or proprietor of any newspaper is liable to any prosecution for a fair and true report of any judicial, legislative, or other public offical proceedings, or of any statement, speech, argument, or debate in the course of the same, except upon proof of malice in making such report, which shall not be impiled from the mere fact of publication. 255. Libelous remarks or comments connected with matter privileged by the last section receive no privelege by reason of their being so connected. 256. A communication made to a person interested in the communication, by one who was also interested or who stood in such relation to the former as to afford a reasonable ground for supposing that his motive innocent, is not presumed to be malicious, and is a privileged communication. 257. Every person who threatens another to publish a libel concerning him, or any parent, husband, wife, or child of such person, or member of his family, and every person who offers to prevent the publication of any libel upon another person, with intent to extort any money or other valuable consideration fron any person, is guilty of a misdemeanor. TITLE IX. CHAPTER I. Crimes Against the Person and Against Public Decency and Good 261. Rape is an act of sexual intercourse, accomplished with a female not the wife of the perpetrator, under either of the following circumstances: 1. Where the female is under the age of eighteen years; 2. Where she is incapable, through lunacy or other unsoundness of mind, whether temporary or permanent, of giving legal consent; 3. Where she resists, but her resistance is overcome by force or violence; 4. Where she is prevented from resisting by threats of great and immediate bodily harm, accompanied by apparent power of execution, or by intoxicating narcotic, or anesthetic, substance, administered by or with the privity of the accused; 5. Where she is at the time unconscious of the nature of the act, and this is known to the accused; 6. Where she submits underthe belief that the person committing the act is her husband, and this belief is induced by any artifice, pretense, or concealment practiced by the accused, with intent to induce such belief. 1913-212. 262. No conviction for rape can be had against one who was under the age of fourteen years at the time of the act alleged, unless his physical ability to accomplish penetration is proved as an independent fact, and beyond a reasonable doubt. 263. The essential guilt of rape consists in the outrage to the person and feelings of the female. Any sexual penetration, however slight, is sufficient to complete the crime. 264. Rape is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not more than fifty years, except where the offense is under subdivision one of section two hundred sixty-one of the Penal Code, in which case the punishment shall be either by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year or in in the state prison for not more than fifty years, and in such case the jury shall recommend by their verdict whether the punishment shall be by imprisonment in the county jail or in the state prison; provided, that when the defendant pleads guilty of an offense under subdivision one of section 261 of the Penal Code the punishment shall be in the discretion of the trial court, either by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year or in the state prison for not more than fifty years. 1923. 265. Every person who takes any woman unlawfully, against her will, and by force, menace, or duress, compels her to marry him, or to marry any other person, or to be defiled,is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not less than two nor more than fourteen years. 266. Every person who inveigles or entices any unmarried female, of previous chaste character, under the age of eighteen years, into any house of ill-fame, or of assignation, or elsewhere, for the purpose of prostitution, or to have illicit carnal connection with any man; and every person who aids or assists in such inveiglement or enticement; and every person who, by any false pretenses, false representation, or other fraudulent means, procures any female to have illicit carnal connection with any man, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not exceeding five years, or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 1874-429. 266a. Every person who, within this state, takes any female person against her will and without her consent, or with her consent procured by fraudulent inducement or misrepresentation, for the purpose of prostitution, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not exceeding five years, and a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars. 1905-255. 266b. Every person who takes any female person unlawfully, and against her will, and by force, menace, or duress, compells her to live with him in an illicit relation, against her con sent, or to so live with any other person, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not less than two nor more than four years. 1905-655. 266c. Every person bringing to, or landing within this state, any female person born in the empire of China or the empire of Japan, or the islands adjacant thereto, with intent to place her in charge or custody of any other person, and against her will to compel her to reside with him, or for the purpose of selling her to any person whomsoever, is punishable by a fine of not less than one nor more than five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not less than six nor more than twelve months. 1905-656. 266d. Any person who receives any money or other valuable thing for or on account of his placing in custody any female for the purpose of causing her to cohabit with any male to whom she is not married, is guilty of a felony. 266e. Every person who purchases, or pays any money or other valuable thing for, any female person for the purpose of prostitution, or for the purpose of placing her, for immoral purposes, in any house or place against her will, is guilty of a felony. 1905-656. 266f. Every person who sells any female person or receives any money or other valuable thing for or on account of his placing in custody, for immoral purposes, any female person, whether with or without her consent, is guilty of a felony. 1905-655. 266g. Every man who, by force, intimidation, threats, persuasion, promises, or any other means, places or leaves, or procures any other person or persons to place or leave, his wife in a house of prostitution or connives at or consents to, or permits, the placing or leaving of his wife in a house of prostitution, or allows or permits her to remain therein, is guilty of a felony and punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than three nor more than ten years; and all prosecntions under this section a wife is a competent witness against her husband. 1905-656. 267. Every person who takes away any female under the age of eighteen years from her father, mother, guardian, or other person having the legal charge of her person, without their consent, for the purpose of prostitution, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not exceeding five years, and a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars. 268. Every person who, under promise of marriage, seduces and has sexual intercourse with an unmarried female of previous chaste character, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for not more than five years, or by a fine not more than five thousand dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 1889-12. 269. The intermarriage of the parties subsequent to the commission of the offense is a bar to a prosecution for a violation of the last section; provided, such marriage took place prior to the finding of an indictment or the filing of information charging such offense. 1889-12. 269. Every person who lives in a state of cohabitation and adultry is guilty of a misdemeanor and punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by both. 1911-426. 269b. If two persons, each being married to another, live together in a state of cohabitation and adultery, each is guilty of a felony, and punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not exceeding five years. A recorded certificate of marriage or a certified copy thereof, there being no decree of divorce, proves the marriage of a person for the purpose of this action. 1911-426. CHAPTER II. Abandonment and Neglect of Children. 270. Children, abandoning same. 270d. Fine, when wife may col- 270e. Abandonment, how proved. 271. Deserting child. 271a. Abandonment, minor, etc., punishment. 272. Children, wrongful abuse. 273. Same. 273a. Children unjustly punished. 273c. Fines, how used. 273e Minors, messages, etc. 270. A father of either a legitimate or illegitimate minor child who wilfully omits without lawful excuse to furnish necessary food, clothing, shelter or medical attendance for his child is guilty of a misdemeanor and punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding two years or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000,) or by both. This statute shall not be construed so as to relieve such father from the criminal liability defined herein for such omission merely because the |