other valuable thing to or for the use of any other person, in consideration of being selected or indorsed as the candidate of any convention, organized assemblage of delegates, or other body, representing, or claiming to represent, a political party or principle, or any club, society, or association, for a public office, or in consideration of the selection or indorsement of any other person as a candidate for a public office, or in consideration of any member of a convention, club, society, or association having voted to select or indorse any person as a candidate for a public office, except that a candidate for nomination to a public office may contribute such proportion of the cost and expense of holding a primary election as is authorized by the Political Code of this state, and no more;

9. To advance or pay, or cause to be paid, any money or other valuable thing to or for the use of any other person, in consideration of a person withdrawing as a candidate for a public office.

Every person who commits any of the offenses mentioned in this section is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than one year nor more than seven years. 1905-642.

55. Every person who, being a candidate at any election, offers or agrees to appoint or procure the appointment of any particuler person to offiice, as an inducement or consideration to any person to vote for, or procure or aid in procuring the election of such candidate, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

55a. Any person, either individually or as an officer or member of any committee or association, who solicits or demands of any candidate for the legislature, supervisor, school director, or for any legislative body, that he shall vote for or against any particular bill or measure which may come before such body to which he may be elected, and any candidate for any of such offices who signs or gives any pledge that he will vote for or against any particular bill or measure that maybe brought before any such body, is guilty of a misdemeanor; and any candidate convicted under the provisions of this section is, in addition, disqualified from holding the office to which he may have been elected. The provisions of this section do not apply to any pledge or promise that any such candidate may give to a convention by which he may be nominated for any such office, or to those who sign a certificate for his nomination. 1905-643.

56. Every person, not being a candidate, who communicates any offer, made in violation of the last section, to any person, with intent to induce him to vote for or to procure or aid in procuring the election of the candidate making the offer, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

57. Every person who gives or offers a bribe to any officer or member of any legislature caucus, political convention, committee, primary election or political gathering of any kind, held for the

purpose of nominating candidates for offices of honor, trust, or profit, in this state, with intent to influence the person to whom such bribe is given or offered to be more favorable to one candidate than another, and every person, member of either of the bodies in this section mentioned, who receives or offers to receive any such bribe, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not less than one or more than seven years. 1905-644.

57a. Every officer or clerk of election who aids in changing or destroying any poll-list or official ballot, or in wrongfully placing any ballots in the ballot-box, or in taking any therefrom, or adds, or attempts to add, any ballots to those legally polled at such election, either by fraudulently introducing the same into the ballotbox, before or after the ballots therein have been counted, or adds to or mixes with, or attempts to add or to mix with, the ballots polled, any other ballots, while the same are being counted or canvassed, or at any other time, with intent to change the result of such election, or allows another to do so, when in his power to prevent it, or carries away or destroys, or knowingly allows another to carry away or destroy, any poll-list, ballot-box, or ballots lawfully polled, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than two or more than seven years. 1905-644.

58. Every person who, by threats, intimidations, or unlawful violence, willfully hinders or prevents electors from assembling in public meeting for the consideration of public questions, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

59. It is unlawful for any person, directly or indirectly, by himself or any other person in his behalf, to make use of, or threaten to make use of, any force, violence, or restraint, or to inflict or threaten the infliction, by himself or through any other person, of any injury, damage, harm, or loss, or in any manner to practice intimidation upon or against any person, in order to induce or compel such person to vote or refrain from voting at any election, or to vote or refrain from voting for any particular person or persons at any election, or on account of such person or persons at any election, or on account of such person having voted or refrained from voting at any election. And it is unlawful for any person, by abduction, duress, or any forcible or fraudulent device or contrivance whatever, to impede, prevent, or otherwise interfere with the free exercise of the elective franchise by any voter; or to compel, induce, or prevail upon any voter either to give or refrain from giving his vote at any election, or to give or refrain from giving his vote for any particular person or persons at any election. It is not lawful for any employer, in paying his employees the salary or wages due them,to inclose their pay in "pay-envelopes" upon which there is written or printed the name of any candidate, or any political mottoes, devices, or arguments containing threats,

express or implied, intended or calculated to influence the political opinions or actions of such employees. Nor is it lawful for any employer, within ninety days of an election, to put up or otherwise exhibit in his factory, workshop, or other establishment or place where his workmen or employees may be working, any hand-bill or placard containing any threat, notice, or information, that in case any particular ticket of a political party, or organization, or candidate shall be elected, work in his place or establishment will cease, in whole or in part, or his place or establishment be closed up, or the salaries or wages of his workmen or employees be reduced, or other threats, express or implied, intended or calculated to influence the political opinions or actions of his workmen or employees. This section applies to corporations as well as individuals, and any person or corporation violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor, and any corporation violating this section shall forfeit its charter. 1905-644.

60. Every person who makes, offers, or accepts any bet or wager upon the result of any election, or upon the success or failure of any person or candidate, or upon the number of votes to be cast, either in the aggregate or for any particular candidate, or upon the vote to be cast by any person, is guilty of a misde

meanor.

61. Every person who willfully violates any of the provisions of the laws of this state relating to elections is, unless a different punishment for such violation is prescribed by this code, punishable by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the state prison not exceeding five years, or by both.

62. Every person who prints any ticket not in conformity with the provisions of chapter eight of title two of part three of the Political Code, or who circulates or gives to another any ticket, knowing at the time that such ticket does not conform to the provisions of chapter eight of title two of part three of the Political Code, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 1905-645.

62a. Every person who intentionally writes, prints, posts, or distributes, or causes to be written, printed, posted, or distributed, any circular, pamphlet, letter, or poster which is designed or intended to injure or defeat any candidate for nomination or election to any public office by reflecting upon his personal character or political action, unless there appears upon such circular, pamphlet, letter, or poster, in a conspicious place, either the name of the chairman and secretary or the names of two officers at least of the political or other organization issuing the same, or the name and residence, with the street and number thereof, if any, of some voter of this state, and responsible therefor, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. 1901-297.

62b. Every person who prints any circular, pamphlet, letter, or poster of the kind or character mentioned in section sixty-two a of this code, without adding thereto his name, showing the printing-office at which the same was printed, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 1901-298.

63b. Every person keeping a public house, saloon, or drinkingplace, whether licensed or unlicensed, who sells, gives away, or furnishes spirituous or malt liquors, wine, or any other intoxicant, on any part of any day set apart for any general or special election, in any election district or precinct in any county in the state where an election is in progress, during the hours when by law the polls are required to be kept open, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 1905-645

64. No person, otherwise competent as a witness, shall be disqualified or excused from testifying concerning any of the offenses enumerated and prescribed in this title, on the ground that such testimony may criminate himself; but no prosecution can afterwards be had against such witness for any such offense concerning which he testified for the prosecution. 1891-185.

642. All the provisions of sections forty to sixty-four of this code, both inclusive, shall apply with like force and affect to elections, known and designated as primary elections, held and conducted under official supervision pursuant to law and to registration therefor, as to other elections, whether the word “primary" be used in connection with the word "election" or "elections" used in said sections or not. 1899-59.

64b. 1. It shall be unlawful for any person circulating, as principal or agent, or having charge or control of the circulation of, or obtaining signatures to, any petition authorized or provided for by the constitution or laws of the State of California regulating the inititative, referendum or recall to misrepresent or make any false statement concerning the contents, purport or effect of any such petition to any person who signs, or who desires to sign, or who is requested to sign, or who makes inquiries with reference to any such petition, or to whom any such petition is presented for his or her signature.

2. It shall be unlawful for any person to willfully or knowingly circulate, publish or exhibit any false statement or misrepresentation concerning the contents, purport or effect of any petetion mentioned in this section for the purpose of obtaining any signature to any such petition or for the purpose of persuading any person to sign any such petition.

3. It shall be unlawful for any person to file in the office of the clerk or other officer provided by law to receive such filing, any petition mentioned in this section to which is attached, apen

ded or subscribed any signature which the person so filing such petition knows it to be false or fraudulent or not the genuine signature of the person purporting to sign such petition or whose name is attached, appended, or subscribed thereto.

4. It shall be unlawful for any person to circulate, or cause to be circulated, any petition mentioned in this section, knowing the same to contain false, forged or fictitious names.

5. It shall be unlawful for any person to make any false affidavit concerning any petition mentioned in this section or the signatures appended thereto.

6. It shall be unlawful for any public official or employee knowingly to make any false return, certification or affidavit, concerning any petition mentioned in this section, or the signatures appended thereto.

7. It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly sign his own name more than once to any petition mentioned in this act, or to sign his name to any such petition knowing himself at the time of such signing not to be qualified to sign the same.

8. Any person, either as principal or agent, violating any or the provisions of this section is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or in a county jail. not exceeding two years, or by fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by both. 1915-55.

TITLE V.

Of Crimes by and Against the Executive Power of the State

65. Acting public capacity with

out qualification.

66. Acts defacto officers unaffected.

67. Giving or offering bribes executive officers.

68. Asking or receiving bribes. 69. Resisting officers.

70. Extortion.

71. Officers, dealing prohibited. 72. Presenting fraudulent claims,

73. Buying offices.

74. Taking rewards for deputa

tion.

74a. Diverting salary, penalty. 75. Exercising functions of office wrongfully.

76. Refusal to surrender books, when.

77. Preceding sections, what to apply.

65. Every person who exercises any function of a public office without taking the oath of office, or without giving the required bond, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 1874-423.

66. The last section shall not be construed to affect the validity of acts done by a person exercising the functions of a public office in fact, where other persons than himself are interested in maintaining the validity of such acts.

67. Every person who gives or offers any bribe to any executive