An Introduction to the Theory of Mental and Social Measurements |
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Page 2
... chance of r successes is greatest when r is the greatest integer in pn ; this is found by the ordinary method of determining the maximum term in a binomial expansion . Let P be this maximum value = " Cp " 9 " , taking the supposi- tion ...
... chance of r successes is greatest when r is the greatest integer in pn ; this is found by the ordinary method of determining the maximum term in a binomial expansion . Let P be this maximum value = " Cp " 9 " , taking the supposi- tion ...
Page 7
... chance in some cases , but the fact that the best one and the worst one of thirty boys may be so marked by one teacher , and during the next half year in the same study be marked 70 and 90 by the next teacher , proves that it need not ...
... chance in some cases , but the fact that the best one and the worst one of thirty boys may be so marked by one teacher , and during the next half year in the same study be marked 70 and 90 by the next teacher , proves that it need not ...
Page 19
... chance bias , i . e . , that the arrangement should rep- resent the general tendency of a number of observers . 2. That it should not be influenced by a constant error , by bias common to all , i . e . , that there should be , on the ...
... chance bias , i . e . , that the arrangement should rep- resent the general tendency of a number of observers . 2. That it should not be influenced by a constant error , by bias common to all , i . e . , that there should be , on the ...
Page 20
... chance it will not be displaced so far . For instance , if themes were rated simply Good or Bad , a theme near the dividing line , if put on the wrong side , would be put very far to the wrong side , viz . , one fourth of the total ...
... chance it will not be displaced so far . For instance , if themes were rated simply Good or Bad , a theme near the dividing line , if put on the wrong side , would be put very far to the wrong side , viz . , one fourth of the total ...
Page 42
... chance errors , the too high rating of A is counterbalanced by the too low rating of B , and so on , so that with hundreds of cases the central tendency of the distribution is unchanged . Thus the continuous line in Fig . 42 MENTAL AND ...
... chance errors , the too high rating of A is counterbalanced by the too low rating of B , and so on , so that with hundreds of cases the central tendency of the distribution is unchanged . Thus the continuous line in Fig . 42 MENTAL AND ...
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Common terms and phrases
75 percentile a-t words A. L. Bowley A's marked absolute zero algebraic Anthropometry Aobt approximately arithmetic array average deviation boys calculated cent central tendency Cephalic Index chance chapter Clark Wissler coefficient of correlation constant error deviate less difference divergence of true Dollars equal fact form of distribution formulæ Francis Galton Franz Boas girls give given illustration individual measures instance Karl Pearson limits mean measures by relative measures of variability median mental measurements mental sciences mental traits method mode normal distribution normal probability number of causes number of children number of measures P. E.dis probability surface problem Quantity ratings ratio relationship relative position represent result Royal Statistical Society scale series of measures Square student surface of frequency table of frequencies tion total distribution true average true measure Udny Yule units of amount values variation zero points
Popular passages
Page 38 - The standard deviation, mathematically, is the square root of the average of the squares of the deviations of the individual cases from the mean.
Page 47 - Dire tengo antipatía senores; esto seria necedad, porque hombre vale siempre tanto como otro hombre. Todas clases hombres merito; resumidas cuentas, sulpa suya vizxonde; pero dire sobrina puede contar dote viente cinco duros menos, tengo apartado; pardiez tamado trabajo atesorar-los para enriquecer estrano. Vizconde rico. Mios, quiero ganado sudor frente salga familia; suyo, pertenence, tendran. Conozco marido pueda convenirle Isabel; Carlos, sobrino. Donde muchacho honrado, mejor indole, juicioso,...
Page 123 - ... would, per contra, mean that the city which spent most for one item would spend the smallest amount for the other, that any degree above the average or median in the one would be accompanied by the same degree below the average or median for the other, and vice versa. A coefficient of + 62 % would mean that (comparison being rendered fair here, as always, by reduction to the variabilities as units) any given station for one item would, on the whole, imply 62 hundredths of that station for the...
Page 127 - ... the influence of chance inaccuracy in the measures to be related is always to produce zero correlation. If two series of pairs of values are due entirely to chance the correlation will be zero, and in so far as they are at all due to chance, the correlation will be reduced toward zero. "The chance variation, which in the long run cuts its own throat in the case of averages, can not, in the case of a correlation, be . . . rendered innocuous by mere numbers.
Page 123 - It expresses the degree of relationship from which the actual cases might have arisen with least improbability. It has possible values from +100 percent through 0 to — 100 percent. A coefficient of correlation between two abilities of +100 percent means that the individual who is the best in the group in one ability will be the best in the other, that the worst man in the one will be the worst in the other, that if the individuals were ranged in order of excellence in the first ability and then...
Page 123 - A coefficient of + 62 per cent. would mean that (comparison being rendered fair here as always by reduction to the variabilities as units) any given station in the one trait would imply 62 hundredths of that station in the other. A coefficient of — 62 would of course mean that any degree of superiority would involve 62 hundredths as much inferiority, and vice versa...
Page 47 - The given words were in the case of the easy opposites — good, outside, quick, tall, big, loud, white, light, happy, false, like, rich, sick, glad, thin, empty, war, many, above, friend. Part-whole test.
Page 69 - There is nothing arbitrary or mysterious about variability which makes the so-called normal type of distribution a necessity, or any more rational than any other sort, or even more to be expected on a priori grounds. Nature does not abhor irregular distributions.